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Forcible Entry Techniques for Firefighters

Forcible entry techniques are essential for firefighters to gain access to locked or blocked structures with minimal damage. The document outlines the principles of forcible entry, types of locksets, and the importance of proper tool maintenance and safety guidelines. It emphasizes the need for situational awareness and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) during operations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
26 views53 pages

Forcible Entry Techniques for Firefighters

Forcible entry techniques are essential for firefighters to gain access to locked or blocked structures with minimal damage. The document outlines the principles of forcible entry, types of locksets, and the importance of proper tool maintenance and safety guidelines. It emphasizes the need for situational awareness and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) during operations.

Uploaded by

amar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Continuing Education

for the Fire Fighter

Copyright: IFSTA, Essentials of Fire Fighting and Fire Department Operations, 6th Edition
Forcible Entry
Module 1

Chapter 11

Copyright: IFSTA, Essentials of Fire Fighting and Fire Department Operations, 6th Edition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe
considerations a
firefighter
Explain the basic must take
principles of when using forcible
forcible entry. entry tools.

Describe the basic Indicate steps


construction of needed to care for
locksets. and maintain
forcible entry tools.

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2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Clean, inspect, and


maintain hand tools
and equipment.

Clean, inspect, and


maintain power tools
and equipment.

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3
FORCIBLE ENTRY HAS TWO OUTCOMES
WHEN PERFORMED PROPERLY.

Causes minimal Provides quick


structural access to
damage emergency

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4
FORCIBLE ENTRY CAN BE APPLIED TO OTHER SITUATIONS
AND ALWAYS REQUIRES EFFECTIVE SIZE-UP AND
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.

Vehicles Railway passenger cars


Courtesy of Rich Mahaney

Aircraft Ships

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5
THE SUPERVISOR OR IC MUST WEIGH SEVERAL
FACTORS TO DETERMINE ENTRY POINT.

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FIREFIGHTERS SHOULD NEVER FORCE ENTRY
WITHOUT ORDER TO DO SO.

Try before you pry

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AFTER TRYING NORMAL ENTRY, LOOK FOR
LOCK BOXES NEAR THE MAIN ENTRANCE.

- Avoids
unnecessary
damage
- May be quicker
than forcing

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8
THE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR
FORCIBLE ENTRY INCLUDE THREE AREAS.

Doors
and locks

Proper Security
tools barriers

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9
SECURITY BARRIERS REQUIRE SPECIALIZED
TRAINING, TOOLS, AND KNOWLEDGE TO FORCE.

Courtesy of Los Angeles Fire Department - ISTS

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10
THE TERM “LOCKSET” DESCRIBES ALL TYPES OF
DOOR LATCHES, LOCKS, AND LOCKING DEVICES.

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DOOR LOCKS AND LATCHES CAN BE FOUND ON
ALL EXTERIOR AND MANY INTERIOR DOORS.

Latches Locks Nontraditional

Mortise Multiple bolts

Cylindrical Keyless

Rim Electromagnetic

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MORTISE LOCKS ARE MOUNTED INTO A CAVITY IN
THE DOOR’S EDGE AND THE DOOR JAMB.

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13
CYLINDRICAL LOCKS ARE THE MOST COMMON
LOCKSET AND ARE INSTALLED BY BORING TWO HOLES
AT RIGHT ANGLES TO EACH OTHER.

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14
CYLINDRICAL LOCKS ARE DIVIDED INTO
TWO TYPES.

Key-in-knob Tubular dead bolt

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15
THE EASIEST WAY TO BREACH MODERN DEAD BOLTS
IN A WOOD RESIDENTIAL DOOR IS TO FORCE THE
DOOR ITSELF.

Courtesy of Rich Mahaney

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16
RIM LOCKS ARE MOUNTED ON THE INTERIOR DOOR
SURFACE AND ARE USED TO SUPPLEMENT DOORS WITH
OR WITHOUT LOCKS.

Night latch Dead bolt Vertical dead bolt

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17
HIGH-SECURITY LOCKS COME IN A VARIETY
OF FORMS AND FUNCTIONS.

Electronic
Multiple bolts Electromagnetic
keyless/digital

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18
OTHER LOCKING DEVICES MAY SUPPLEMENT A
DOOR LOCK OR BE USED IN PLACE OF A LOCK.

Drop
Padlock bar or
chain

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19
PADLOCKS ARE PORTABLE OR DETACHABLE
LOCKING DEVICES AND ARE DIVIDED INTO
TWO TYPES.

Standard

Heavy duty

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20
OTHER LOCKING DEVICES FIREFIGHTERS MAY
ENCOUNTER INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING.

Drop bar Door chain Door limiter

Internal-
Surface bolt
mounted bolt

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21
CAUTION

Always wear
appropriate
PPE when
using forcible
entry tools.

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22
FOLLOW THESE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
WHEN USING CUTTING TOOLS.

Specific to
Manual or
material
other power
they cut and
source
how quickly

No tool cuts Inappropriate


use can
all material
damage tool,
safely and endanger
efficiently operator

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23
AXES ARE THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF CUTTING
TOOL IN FIREFIGHTING AND HAVE A WIDE VARIETY OF
USES.

Pick-head Flat-head
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24
METAL CUTTING DEVICES ARE USED TO CUT
THROUGH SEVERAL TYPES OF OBSTACLES IN A
VARIETY OF WAYS.

Bolt cutters Cutting torches Rebar cutters

Hand saws

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25
POWER SAWS CAN BE POWERED IN A NUMBER
OF WAYS AND MUST ALWAYS BE USED SAFELY.

Always wear eye, Misuse leads to


hearing, and hand property damage and
protection injury

Never use in flammable


atmosphere; sparks can
cause fire, explosion

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CAUTION

Wear eye,
hearing, and
hand
protection
when
operating any
power saw.

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CAUTION

Never force a
power saw beyond
its design limits.
Follow the
manufacturer’s
recommendations.

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CAUTION

Do not use a
power saw in
a flammable
atmosphere.

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29
ELECTRICAL OR BATTERY-POWERED CIRCULAR SAWS
ARE USED IN FIRE FIGHTING, RESCUE AND OVERHAUL
OPERATIONS.

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30
ROTARY SAWS HAVE INTERCHANGEABLE BLADES THAT
CAN PRODUCE SPARKS WHEN USED ON CERTAIN
SURFACES.

For wood, metal, or


masonry

Large tooth/fine tooth

Carbide-tipped teeth

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31
CAUTION

Sparks from cutting


operations can cause
additional fires. Have
a charged hoseline
or portable fire
extinguisher close at
hand during cutting.

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32
WARNING

Never use a rotary


saw to cut the
shell of any
storage tank that
might contain
flammable vapors.

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33
CAUTION

The blade guards on


some rotary saws are
not designed for use
with carbide-tipped
blades. Be sure that
the saw is designed
for the blades used.

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34
RECIPROCATING SAWS AND CHAIN SAWS BOTH HAVE
ADVANTAGES IN SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES.

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35
PRYING TOOLS HELP OPEN DOORS, WINDOWS, LOCKS,
AND MOVE HEAVY OBJECTS BY PROVIDING
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE.

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36
MANUAL PRYING TOOLS ARE USUALLY CONSTRUCTED
FROM A SINGLE-PIECE OF HIGH-CARBON STEEL 30-36
INCHES (762-900 MM).

One end has


hook, pike
tip, adz

Other end
beveled into
wedge, fork

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37
HYDRAULIC PRYING TOOLS COME IN DIFFERENT FORMS;
MANUAL HYDRAULIC TOOLS HAVE SPECIFIC BENEFITS AND
DRAWBACKS.

Manually powered

- Smaller - Labor
- Lighter intensive
- Easier to carry - Operate
slowly

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38
RESCUE TOOLS AND HYDRAULIC DOOR OPENERS
CAN BE USED EFFECTIVELY FOR FORCIBLE ENTRY.

Recuse Tools
Door opener
• Spreaders and rams

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39
PUSHING/PULLING TOOLS HAVE LIMITED USES FOR
FORCIBLE ENTRY, BUT CAN BREAK GLASS AND OPEN
WALLS OR CEILINGS.

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40
STRIKING TOOLS ARE BASIC HAND TOOLS WITH A
WEIGHTED HEAD ATTACHED TO A HANDLE.

Sledgehammer Battering ram

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FORCIBLE ENTRY TOOLS MUST BE USED IN
COMBINATION BECAUSE NO SINGLE TOOL CAN
HANDLE EVERY SITUATION.

Irons
• Flat-head
axe with
Halligan tool

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42
KEEP IN MIND THE FOLLOWING SAFETY GUIDELINES
WHEN WORKING WITH FORCIBLE ENTRY TOOLS.

Use Right tool


Wear full
undamaged for the right
PPE
tools opening

Use tool only Weight Ensure enough


for intended balanced on room to
purpose both feet operate tool

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43
KEEP IN MIND THE FOLLOWING SAFETY GUIDELINES
WHEN WORKING WITH FORCIBLE ENTRY TOOLS.

Sudden release Ensure other


Be aware of
of energy when personnel out
environment
opened of area

Manufacturer’s
guidelines, Keep tools in Ensure secured
department designated place in brackets
SOPs

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44
KEEP IN MIND THE FOLLOWING SAFETY GUIDELINES
WHEN WORKING WITH FORCIBLE ENTRY TOOLS.

Repair or
Prying tools
replace
used incorrectly
damaged tools
create hazards
immediately

Use larger Don’t use


tool if job prying tool as
calls for it striking tool

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45
USE EXTREME CARE WHEN OPERATING ROTARY,
POWER, AND CHAIN SAWS TO PREVENT INJURY.

Match saw/saw blade to task and material

Do not force saw beyond its design limits

Wear full PPE

Fully inspect saw before and after use

Do not use saw around flammable material

Maintain situational awareness

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46
USE EXTREME CARE WHEN OPERATING ROTARY,
POWER, AND CHAIN SAWS TO PREVENT INJURY.

Keep unprotected/nonessential people away

Follow manufactures guidelines

Keep blade and chains sharpened

Be aware of hidden hazards

Remember blades continue to spin

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USE EXTREME CARE WHEN OPERATING ROTARY,
POWER, AND CHAIN SAWS TO PREVENT INJURY.

Use only approved blades on saw

Be aware of twisting caused by spinning blade

Start cuts at full rpm to prevent binding

Store blade in clean, dry environment

Keep composite blade away from gasoline fumes

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48
PROTECT YOURSELF AND OTHERS WHEN CARRYING
TOOLS, AND GET HELP TRANSPORTING HEAVY TOOLS.

Axes

Power tools Prying tools

Specific safety
practices

Striking tools Combination

Pike poles
and hooks

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49
FORCIBLE ENTRY TOOLS MUST BE MAINTAINED
PROPERLY SO THEY FUNCTION SAFELY AND
EFFECTIVELY.

Tool failure

Delays
Injury

Death
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50
REFER TO MANUFACTURER’S GUIDELINES AND
DEPARTMENT PROCEDURES TO REPORT DAMAGED TOOLS
AND REMOVE THEM FROM SERVICE.

Wooden Fiberglass Cutting


handles handles edges

Unprotected
Plated Power
metal
surfaces equipment
surfaces

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51
SUMMARY

When normal means of entry is locked or blocked,


forcible entry techniques are used to gain access
into a structure or area.

Forcible entry efforts can do minimal damage to a


structure or structural components and provide quick
access.

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52

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