Continuing Education
for the Fire Fighter
Copyright: IFSTA, Essentials of Fire Fighting and Fire Department Operations, 6th Edition
Scene Lighting, Rescue
Tools, Vehicle Extrication,
and Technical Rescue
Module 3
Chapter 10
Copyright: IFSTA, Essentials of Fire Fighting and Fire Department Operations, 6th Edition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Explain the unique
Explain the role a hazards associated
Firefighter II will play with each type of
in technical rescue technical rescue
operations. operation.
Describe the various
types of technical
rescue operations.
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TECHNICAL RESCUERS MUST MEET THE
REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA® 1006.
Firefighter II
assists with:
Initial actions performed Tasks related to specific
at any rescue scene incident types
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INITIAL ACTIONS ARE PERFORMED BY FIRST
RESPONDERS TO REACH THE SCENE.
Perform tasks
assigned by Never attempt to
supervisor perform rescue tasks
not qualified, equipped
for
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PERFORMING SIZE-UP AT TECHNICAL A RESCUE
SCENE IS AN ONGOING EVALUATION.
What has happened?
What is happening?
What is likely to happen?
What resources will be needed for
resolution?
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PERFORMING SIZE UP AT A TECHNICAL RESCUE
SCENE IS AN ONGOING EVALUATION.
Begins during initial
dispatch
Continues
upon arrival
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AFTER ARRIVAL, COMMUNICATE SIZE-UP
INFORMATION, THEN STABILIZE THE SITUATION.
Communicate
Describe condition and provide details
Stabilize
Keep situation from getting worse
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STABILIZE THE VICTIM AFTER STABILIZING THE
SCENE.
Do not attempt
Provide basic care
access of victims
to accessible
requiring technical
victims
rescue
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ESTABLISH SCENE SECURITY WITH A PERIMETER OR
BARRIER AS REQUIRED BY THE INCIDENT COMMAND
SYSTEM (ICS).
Courtesy of Shad Cooper/Wyoming State Fire Marshal's Office
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THE SCENE IS DIVIDED INTO THREE CONTROL
ZONES EACH WITH DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS.
Hot Zone
Warm Zone
Cold Zone
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FIREFIGHTER II PERSONNEL ASSIST TECHNICAL
RESCUE TEAMS IN SPECIFIC TASKS.
Recognize, Recognize
locate, hazards at
sometimes incident and
operate methods for
equipment mitigation
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ROPE RESCUE INVOLVES LIFE SAFETY ROPE AND
OTHER TOOLS, AND IS DIVIDED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES.
High angle
Wilderness/mountain
urban/structural
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STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE RESCUE CAN HAVE MANY
CAUSES, BUT HAS THE SAME ON SCENE PRIORITIES.
1. Help 3. Attempt
2. Extricate
untrapped rescue of victims
victims lightly
victims to safe trapped deeply
trapped
area in rubble
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FIREFIGHTERS ASSIST STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE
RESCUE BY RECOGNIZING PATTERNS.
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FIREFIGHTERS ASSIST STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE
RESCUE BY RECOGNIZING PATTERNS.
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STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE RESCUE OPERATIONS
CAN PRODUCE MANY DIFFERENT HAZARDS.
Physical
Environmental
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CONFINED-SPACE AREAS ARE DEFINED BY THE
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION (OSHA).
Large enough
to enter
Not designed Limited means
for continuous of entry and
occupancy exit
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LEVEL II FIREFIGHTERS PROVIDE NON-ENTRY SUPPORT
FUNCTIONS AND MUST RECOGNIZE THE CHALLENGES OF
CONFINED-SPACE RESCUE.
Atmospheric Physical
hazards hazards
Information
SCBA not
gained in
always an
different
option
ways
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ALL RESCUERS SHOULD BE ATTACHED TO A SEARCH
LINE AND USE THE OATH METHOD WHEN
COMMUNICATING.
Two Tugs Three Tugs Four Tugs
One Tug
O Ok
A
Advance
T
Take-up
HHelp
slack
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CONFINED-SPACE RESCUERS SHOULD ALSO
ADHERE TO THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS.
Electrical equipment Rapid intervention
must be intrinsically crew or team (RIC/RIT)
safe for flammable must be standing by
conditions during rescue
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DEPENDING ON SOPS, VEHICLE RESCUE OPERATIONS
MAY BE ASSIGNED TO SPECIFICALLY TRAINED TEAMS.
If not trained, Wear correct
provide PPE near
assistance damaged vehicle
Wear
retroreflective
vests
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WATER RESCUE CAN OCCUR UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS
AND LOCATIONS, BUT SIZE-UP IS ALWAYS THE FIRST TASK.
Rescue
Recovery
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PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICES (PFDS) ARE
MANDATORY FOR ALL PERSONNEL NEAR OR ON THE
WATER.
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WARNING
Only qualified
personnel
should
attempt a
water rescue.
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REPORT ANY HAZARDS IN A WATER RESCUE
SITUATION REPORT.
Hazards in
Environmental
water and on
conditions
land
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ICE RESCUE OPERATIONS HAVE SPECIFIC,
ADDITIONAL HAZARDS TO BE AWARE OF.
Thin, unpredictable ice
Courtesy of Iowa Fire service Training Bureau
Victims unlikely to help
in own rescue
Victims likely suffer from
hypothermia
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WATER RESCUE AT LOW-HEAD OR LOW-WATER
DAMS IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS.
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WILDERNESS RESCUERS RETRIEVE VICTIMS FROM
RUGGED, INACCESSIBLE AND HAZARDOUS TERRAIN.
Level II firefighters can
assist rescuers
Carry tools and equipment
to point near victim
Provide water and rehab
facilities
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FIREFIGHTERS MAY ALSO ASSIST DURING
TRENCH RESCUE OPERATIONS.
Monitor for hazardous
atmospheres
Create safe zone
around trench
Vibrations can cause
secondary cave-ins
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FOLLOW THESE SAFETY GUIDELINES WHEN
ASSISTING IN TRENCH RESCUE.
Do not enter trench
Cordon off 100 ft (30 M) in
each direction
Eliminate vibrations within
500 ft (150 m) of trench
Place exit ladders no more
than 50 ft (15 m) apart
Place initial ladder near victim
location
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FOLLOW THESE SAFETY GUIDELINES WHEN
ASSISTING IN TRENCH RESCUE.
Secure exposed utilities
Be careful handling tools; can
cause injury
Be aware of underground wiring,
water lines, and dangerous gases
If contaminated or oxygen
deficient, set up ventilation
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MACHINERY RESCUE OPERATIONS INVOLVE VICTIMS
CAUGHT IN PARTS OF A MACHINE AND CAN BE
EXTREMELY STRESSFUL.
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WARNING
If the victim is entangled in a
machine that is still running, DO
NOT turn it off until the
mechanism has been stabilized.
Turning off the machine may cause
it to reverse itself or complete its
cycle – either of which could harm
the victim further. Contact the
machinery owner, operator, or
plant personnel for guidance in
securing the mechanism.
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FIREFIGHTERS MAY AID IN ELEVATOR AND ESCALATOR
RESCUE, BUT HAZARDOUS OPERATIONS REQUIRE
CERTIFIED RESCUERS.
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ELEVATOR RESCUE OPERATIONS ARE
CLASSIFIED BY HOW THE ELEVATOR IS USED.
Passenger Freight Construction
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CABLE OPERATING SYSTEMS CAN BE FOUND IN ANY
STRUCTURES, WHILE HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS ARE LESS
THAN SIX STORIES.
Cable Hydraulic
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TAKE THE FOLLOWING STEPS DURING SIZE-UP
OF AN ELEVATOR RESCUE OPERATION.
Ask for Establish Reassure
information communications occupants
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AFTER SIZE-UP, LOCATE ASSISTANCE AND SEND A
FIREFIGHTER WITH RADIO TO THE ELEVATOR
EQUIPMENT ROOM.
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TAKE THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS DEPENDING ON
THE MEDICAL CONDITION OF THE OCCUPANTS.
Need immediate medical
Medical condition stable:
attention:
Ask occupants to check
Begin extrication
Emergency Stop Button
Avoid entry methods that damage Tell occupants to press Door Open
elevator and endanger lives Button
Request technical rescue Check electrical circuits to see if it
assistance if needed has power
If it has power, turn off for 30
seconds then back on
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INSERTING KEY INTO CONTROL PANEL WILL RETURN CAR
TO GROUND FLOOR IF THE ELEVATOR IS EQUIPPED WITH
A RECALL SYSTEM.
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ESCALATORS ARE MOVING, MECHANICAL
STAIRWAYS THAT MAY HAVE A MANUAL STOP
SWITCH IN ONE OF SEVERAL PLACES.
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THE MAJORITY OF ESCALATOR RESCUES RESULT FROM
FINGERS, TOES, AND CLOTHING BECOMING CAUGHT
IN THE TREADS.
Should be
Use hand
Remove all May have to placed out of
pressure to
other hand crank service until
move treads
passengers treads tech can work
backward
on it
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FIREFIGHTERS SHOULD BE PREPARED TO ASSIST
TECHNICAL RESCUERS DURING CAVE, MINE, AND
TUNNEL RESCUE OPERATIONS.
Monitor
communication
channels and
search lines
Assist victims
Operate SAR
once removed
systems
from hot zone
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EACH TYPE OF RESCUE OPERATION CAN
INVOLVE SEVERAL TYPES OF HAZARDS.
Cave Mine Tunnel
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ELECTRICAL RESCUE OPERATIONS INVOLVE
ENERGIZED POWER LINES OR EQUIPMENT.
One the most Improper
common, actions can
dangerous injure or kill
situations for instantly
firefighters
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ALWAYS KEEP THE FOLLOWING CONSIDERATIONS IN MIND
WHEN RESPONDING TO ELECTRICAL RESCUE OPERATIONS.
Assume lines and equipment are energized
Establish scene security, deny unauthorized entry
Call electric company to respond
Stand by until electric company arrives
Only electric company personnel should cut wires
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WIRES ON THE GROUND CAN BE DANGEROUS
WITHOUT BEING TOUCHED.
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OTHER EMERGENCY INCIDENTS MAY REQUIRE
ELECTRICAL RESCUE OPERATIONS AS WELL.
Electrified
Vehicle strikes
subway or
power pole
train tracks
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WARNING
When you approach a
downed power line, a
tingling in your feet
indicates that the ground
beneath you is
electrified. If you feel
this, keep your feet
together and hop away
from the line.
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SUMMARY
You must also know how to work as part of a
team while performing vehicle extrication and
assisting technical rescuers.
You must practice the basic duties explained in
the chapter until you can accomplish these tasks
quickly and effectively.
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