SOHAM MANDAL

CBSE Notes Class 6

Math's Chapter 5 Prime Time
Key Features : Prime Time introduces students to the fascinating world of prime numbers,
common factors, common multiples, and divisibility rules. It explores key concepts like
prime factorisation, co-prime numbers, and divisibility tests, helping students understand
the relationships between numbers and simplifying mathematical problems through these
fundamental concepts.

Topic Explanation:

m
Common Factors
Factors are the numbers that can divide a given number completely. For example, the

a
factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6 because these are the numbers that divide 6 without a
remainder.
When we compare two or more numbers, the common factors are the numbers that divide
both numbers completely.

h
Example: Common factors of 12 and 18 :
The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.
The factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 18.
So, the common factors of 12 and 18 are 1, 2, 3, and 6. These are the numbers that can

o
divide both 12 and 18 without leaving a remainder.

S
Common Multiples
A multiple is the result of multiplying a number by any whole number. For example, the
multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and so on.
Common multiples are the multiples that are shared by two or more numbers.
Example: Common Multiple of 4 and 6 :
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and so on.
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and so on.
So, the common multiples of 4 and 6 are 12, 24, 36, and so on.
Note: The smallest common multiple of two numbers is called the Least Common Multiple
or LCM.

Prime Numbers
A Prime Number is a number greater than 1 that has only two factors: 1 and the number
itself. In other words, a prime number can only be divided by 1 and itself without leaving a
remainder.
 SOHAM MANDAL

am
Here is a list of all prime numbers from 1 to 100:

h
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97

Co-prime Numbers
Two numbers are co-prime if their Greatest Common Factor (GCF) or Greatest Common

o
Divisor (GCD) is 1. In other words, co-prime numbers don’t share any factors other than 1.
Example: 5 and 9, 8 and 15, 9 and 28, 5 and 14, 12 and 25, 7 and 30, etc.
Prime Factorization

S
Prime Factorization is the process of breaking down a number into a product of its prime
factors.
Examples:
Prime Factorization of 12 is 2 × 2 × 3.
Prime Factorization of 18 is 2 × 3 × 3.
Divisibility Tests
A number is divisible by 2 if its last digit is even (0, 2, 4, 6, or 8).
A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by its last two digits is divisible by 4.
A number is divisible by 5 if its last digit is 0 or 5.
A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by both 2 and 3.
A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by its last three digits is divisible by 8.
A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
A number is divisible by 10 if its last digit is 0.
 SOHAM MANDAL

What Are Proper Divisors?

Proper divisors are numbers that divide the given number evenly (without leaving a
remainder) but do not include the number itself.

Example: 6 is a perfect number. Its proper divisors are 1, 2, and 3. If you add these
divisors together (1+2+3), the sum is 6, which is the number itself.

Perfect Number :
A perfect number is a special type of number that is equal to the sum of its proper
divisors, excluding itself.

Composite Numbers:

Definition: Numbers greater than 1 that have more than two factors.

m
Examples: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15.

Note: Composite numbers can be divided evenly by numbers other than I and

a
themselves.
Co-prime numbers for safekeeping treasures
Co-prime numbers (also called relatively prime numbers) are two or more numbers that
have no common factors other than 1. In other words, the only number that divides

h
both of them exactly is 1.

Co-prime numbers are useful in various mathematical problems and real-life

applications. They are often used in problems involving fractions, ratios, and
simplifying mathematical expressions. Understanding co-prime numbers helps in

o
solving problems related to dividing objects or sharing resources.
Sieve of Eratosthenes:

S
Purpose: To find all prime numbers up to a certain number.

How it Works: Cross out multiples of each prime number starting from 2. The
numbers that remain are primes.
 SOHAM MANDAL

Important Questions for Class VI Math (Granita Prakash)

Chapter 5-Prime Time
1. Find the prime factorization of these numbers without multiplying first.
(a) 56 * 25

(b) 108 * 75

(c) 1000 * 81
Solution:

(a) Prime factors of 56 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 7

Prime factors of 25 = 5 * 5

m
Combined prime factorization of 56 * 25 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 7 * 5 * 5

(b) Prime factors of 108 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 3

a
Prime factors of 75 = 3 * 5 * 5
Combined prime factorization of 108 * 75 = 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 5 * 5
Prime factors of 81 = 3 * 3 * 3 * 3

h
(c) Prime factors of 1000 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 5 * 5 * 5 Combined prime factorization of 1000 * 81
=2*2*2*5*5*5*3*3*3*3
2. The prime factorization of a number has one 2, two 3s, and one 11. What is the
number?

o
Solution:

S
To find the number, we multiply these prime factors together: 2 * 3 * 3 * 11 - 198 Thus,
the number is 198.

3. Find the prime factorization of these numbers without multiplying first.

(a) 56 * 25

(b) 108 * 75

(c) 1000 * 81

Solution:

(a) Prime factors of 56 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 7 Prime factors of 25 = 5 * 5 Combined prime

factorization of 56 * 25 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 7 * 5 * 5

(b) Prime factors of 108 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 * 3 Prime factors of 75 = 3 * 5 * 5 Combined

prime factorization of 108×75 = 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 5 * 5
 SOHAM MANDAL

c) Prime factors of 1000=2×2×2×5×5×5 Prime factors of 813×3×3×3

Combined prime factorization of 1000×81-2×2×2×5×5×5×3×3×3×3

4. The teacher asked if 14560 is divisible by all of 2, 4, 5, 8 and 10. Guna checked for
divisibility of 14560 by only two of these numbers and then declared that it was also
divisible by all of them. What could those two numbers be?

Solution: If a number is divisible by 8, it will automatically be divisible by 4. If a number

is divisible by 10, it is also divisible by 2 and 5. Therefore, checking divisibility by 8 and
10 confirms divisibility by all other numbers (2, 4, 5). Thus, the pair of numbers that

m
Guna could check to determine that 14560 is divisible by all of 2, 4, 5, 8, and 10 is: 8 and
5.

a
5. What is the smallest number whose prime factorization has:

(a) three different prime numbers?

(b) four different prime numbers?

h
Solution:

(a) The smallest prime numbers are 2, 3, and 5. To find the smallest number with these

o
primes as factors, multiply them together: 2×3×5=30 So, the smallest number whose
prime factorization has three different prime numbers is 30.
(b) The smallest four prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, and 7. To find the smallest number with

S
these primes as factors, multiply them together: 2 * 3 * 5 * 7 = 210 Thus, the smallest
number whose prime factorization has four different prime numbers is 210.

6. Which of the following pairs of numbers are co-prime?

(a) 18 and 35
(b) 15 and 37
(c) 30 and 415
Answer:
(a) Here factors of 18 = I * 2 * 3 * 3 and factors of 35 = 1 * 5 * 7
No common factor other than 1.
Hence 18 and 35 are co-prime numbers.
 SOHAM MANDAL

b) We have factors of 15 = 1 * 3 * 5 and factors of 37 = 1 * 37

No common factor other than 1.
Hence 15 and 37 are co-prime numbers.

(e) Given numbers are 30 and 415 Here factors of 30 - 1 * 2 * 3 * 5 and factors of 415 = 5
* 83 Clearly, 5 is a common factor of 30 and 415.
Hence 30 and 415 are not co-prime numbers.

7. Who am I?
(a) I am a number less than 40. One of my factors is 7. The sum of my digits is 8.
(b) I am a number less than 100. Two of my factors are 3 and 5. One of my digits is 1

m
more than the other.

Solution:

a
(a) 7 is the common factor of 7, 14, 21,28, 35, which are less than 40. And there is one
number which has a digit sum of 8, is 35=(3+5)-8. So, I am 35.
(b) Common factors of 3 and 5 are 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75,90, (which are less than 100).
And there is one number one of the digits is 1 more than the other is 45, So, I am 45.

h
8. The prime factorization of a number has one 2, two 3s, and one 11. What is the
number?

o
Solution: To find the number, we multiply these prime factors together: 2×3×3×11=198
Thus, the number is 198.

S
9. Find the largest and smallest 4-digit numbers that are divisible by 4 and are also
palindromes.
Solution:
Largest 4-digit number divisible by 4 and is also palindrome-8888 The smallest 4-digit
number is divisible by 4 and is also palindrome-2112.
10. Consider these statements:
(a) Only the last two digits matter when deciding if a given number is divisible by 4.
(b) If the number formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4, then the original
number is divisible by 4.
(c) If the original number is divisible by 4, then the number formed by the last two
digits is divisible by 4.
Do you agree? Why or why not?
Solution:

(a) Yes, that's correct. When determining if a number is divisible by 4, only the last two
digits of the number matter. This is because 100 is divisible by 4, so the divisibility rule
for 4 focuses on whether the number formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4.
 SOHAM MANDAL

(b) Yes, that's correct. If the number formed by the last two digits of a given number is
divisible by 4, then the original number is also divisible by 4.

(c) Yes, that's correct. If the original number is divisible by 4, the last two digits of the
number will indeed be divisible by 4.

am
h
So