Drive Test Introduction

Prepared by
Mohamed Samy [Link] Engineer
Mob: 01220770244
E-mail: Mhm_smy@[Link]
Drive Test Introduction

Course Agenda
1. Antenna Parameter (Tilt & Azimuth).

2. Drive Test Tools

3. TEMS Windows

4. Field problems
Drive Test Introduction
Antenna Tilting
Antenna Tilting: Direction of the antenna vertical beam.

Types of tilting:

- No Tilt: The vertical beam of the antenna is directed towards the horizon.
- Down Tilt: The vertical beam of the antenna is directed lower the horizon.
- Up Tilt: The vertical beam of the antenna is directed above the horizon.

Types of Tilting:
1) Mechanical Tilting 2)Electrical Tilting:
Drive Test Introduction

What is the better, Mechanical tilting or Electrical tilting …????

1) Mechanical tilting :

-With mechanical down tilting, the main beam will be down tilted but the back lobe will be
up tilted that make interference. - With mechanical tilting you can’t change the tilt of one
band alone.

2) Electrical tilting :

- With electrical down tilting, the main beam will be down tilted but the back lobe will not
be up tilted so back lobe interference decreased. - With electrical tilting you can change the
tilt of any band alone. So Electrical Tilting is better than Mechanical Tilting
Drive Test Introduction

Drive test tools

Drive Test Introduction

Why perform a Drive test?

- Every alive Network needs to be under continues control to maintain/improve
the performance.

- Optimization is basically the only way to keep track of the network by looking
deep into statistics and collecting/analyzing drive test data.

- Drive test helps operation and maintenance for troubleshooting purposes.

Drive Test Introduction

What we need to make Drive Test

Drive Test Introduction

Drive Test Software

Drive Test Introduction
3G ( TEMS Windows )
Drive Test Introduction

WCDMA Serving/Active Set + Neighbors

SC: Idle mode AS: Dedicated mode

MN: Monitoring neighbor. DN: Detected neighbor.
Drive Test Introduction
Cell Name: Name of cells according to loaded cell file.
SC (Scrambling code): Each cell in the network is assigned a Primary Scrambling Code.
(Integer value 0-511) It is important to avoid CO-UARFCN CO-Scrambling Code use in the
same geographic area. However, if there are more than 512 cells in use, Scrambling Codes
must be reused very carefully.

Cell ID : Cell identity.

CPICH RSCP: Common Pilot Channel Received Signal Code Power (Received power (dbm) of
common pilot channel).
The DL power level as measured by UE.
Normal Range is from -30 to – 90.
Level lower than -90 shows low signal levels.
Ec/No: The Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) received Energy per Chip (Ec) to Noise
(No) ratio. Used to measure the received quality of the Primary Common Pilot Channel.
The DL power quality as measured by UE.
Normal Range is from -3.00 to – 13.00.
quality lower than -13.00 shows bad quality.
Drive Test Introduction

Notes
From TEMS we can notice cell ID without having cell file only in Idle mode from system
information SIB 3 from cell identity value which contains both Cell ID and RNC ID where the
cell ID is in the right side in hex format.
Drive Test Introduction
WCDMA Radio Parameters

Tx Power : Transmitted power by UE.

- TxPower take values from -40 to 24.
-This value indicate Interference that can result in Call drops, Call blocks,
Drive Test Introduction
WCDMA Radio Parameters
UTRA Carrier RSSI : Received signal strength indicator.
SIR : Signal to interference ratio.
SQI : Speech quality indicator.
RRC State: The state of the RRC  Cell_FATCH or Cell_DCH
Mode : Mode of operation.
Time : System time.
Drive Test Introduction
How to open the 3G useful windows
Drive Test Introduction
Events

It includes events such as: Call attempt, call established, call end, handover, dropped
call, and blocked call.
Drive Test Introduction
Map Window

This window let you see the real sites and your current position and you can add other
map layers to give you more accurate view.
Drive Test Introduction

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Latitude & Longitude  coordinates

Altitude  The height from the sea surface
Satellites  No. of served Satellites
Speed  The velocity of the car
Drive Test Introduction
How to open Map window and GPS window
Drive Test Introduction

Cell File
What is the cell file and how to load it on the TEMS
Drive Test Introduction
Cell file loading on TEMS
Drive Test Introduction
Cell file with Google earth form
Drive Test Introduction
DT tools connection
1) At first you should define the mobile to computer as a hardware
2) Then you will see the mobile on TEMS with this shape in the Equipment configuration window

3) After that press the green box to connect all the tools

4) After that you will hear (Mobile Connected & Mobile connected & GPS Connected), you will find that the
Equipment configuration window converted to this window
Drive Test Introduction
Mobile properties

We can make RAT control to mobile to force it on any selected band (UMTS, GSM)
Drive Test Introduction

Types of Drive Test

Single Site Verification test.

Cluster Test.

Main Road Test.

Benchmarking Tset

SWAP test.
Drive Test Introduction

Types of Drive Test

 Single Site Verification Test.
• There are two kinds of single site verification tests:

3G verification.
- Checking the soft handover between the sectors of the site.
- Checking the handover (in & out) with the neighbors of the site.
- Checking the coverage of each sector.
- Checking cross sector & cross feeder.
-Checking the capability to access on the internet
-Checking the capability to download files to view the HSDPA rate. (Optional)
Drive Test Introduction
Types of Drive Test
Example on Single Site Verification Test
Drive Test Introduction

Types of Drive Test

 Cluster Test.

• For checking retain ability the command sequence is adjusted as follow:

- infinity number of minutes.
-call wait 10 to 15 sec.

• For checking accessibility the command sequence is adjusted as follow:

- 2 minutes per call.
- call wait 10 to 15 sec.
Drive Test Introduction
Types of Drive Test
Example on cluster Drive Test (Aswan City)
Drive Test Introduction

Types of Drive Test

 Benchmarking Test.

• This test is mainly used to compare between the quality of service of each
operator.
Drive Test Introduction

Types of Drive Test

Example on Benchmarking Drive Test (Aswan international road)
Drive Test Introduction

Types of Drive Test

 Main Roads Drive Test.

• This test is mainly used to Avoid VIP complains and enhance the service in the
important areas.
Drive Test Introduction

Types of Drive Test

Example on Main Roads Drive Test (26th July Bridge)
Drive Test Introduction

Types of Drive Test

 SWAP Test.

• This test is mainly used in case of SWAP from vendor to vendor for one
operator.
Drive Test Introduction

Types of Drive Test

Example on SWAP Test
Drive Test Introduction

To be continued
Drive Test Introduction

3G Field Problems
Drive Test Introduction

3G Field Problems
1. Cross sector.
2. Cross feeder.
3. Pilot pollution.
4. Missing Neighbors.
5. Overshooting
6. Delayed Soft HO
7. HO From UTRAN Failures.
8. Dropped calls.
9. Blocked calls.
[Link] problem
Drive Test Introduction

Cross sector
Drive Test Introduction
This is the normal connection
Drive Test Introduction
UMTS cross sector

UMTS cross
Drive Test Introduction
EX: UMTS cross sector

Sector 3 serve beside sec 2 and vice versa  Cross sector between sec 2 & sec 3
Drive Test Introduction
After solving the cross sector

Sectors 3 serve beside itself and it’s the dominant server and sector 2 serve beside itself too
Drive Test Introduction

Cross feeder
Drive Test Introduction

UMTS cross feeder Case #1

Drive Test Introduction
2-Cross feeder (Case # 1)

Sector 1 & sector 3 appeared with equal levels beside sector 3 and vice versa
 cross feeder between sector 1 & sector 3
Drive Test Introduction
After solving the cross Feeder

Sectors 3 serve beside itself and sector 1 serve beside itself too
Drive Test Introduction

UMTS cross feeder Case # 2

Drive Test Introduction
2-Cross feeder (Case # 2)

Sector 2 serve normally beside itself but the Tx power (UL power is very large
compared with UE distance, the same case for sector 3
Drive Test Introduction
After solving the cross Feeder
Drive Test Introduction

Pilot Pollution
Drive Test Introduction
Pilot pollution:
The presence of more than a pilot with level difference within 5 dBm causing low
Ec/No all of them are strong but no one is strong enough to be dominant regarding
that they are of the same frequency
Drive Test Introduction
Drive Test Introduction

Missing Neighbors
Drive Test Introduction

•Missing Neighbor:
The presence of a detected neighbor with high RSCP for a period without adding to the
AS list causing degradation in Ec/No
Drive Test Introduction

Overshooting
Drive Test Introduction
Drive Test Introduction

Delayed soft HO
Drive Test Introduction

•There is delayed soft HO due to Radio link congestion on cell with SC:218 or it may
be wrong SHO parameter (AS update parameters).
Drive Test Introduction
Drive Test Introduction

HO from UTRAN failure

Drive Test Introduction

2G Field Problems
1. HO Failure reasons.
 Interference on Target 2G Cell.

 Bad Rxlev on Target 2G Cell.

 Interference on Serving 3G Cell.

 Bad Rxlev on Serving 3G Cell.

Drive Test Introduction
Delayed Soft HO which leads to make HO from UTRAN but HO from UTRAN failed.
Drive Test Introduction

Dropped call
Drive Test Introduction
3. Dropped call reasons.
 Bad Radio condition (Bad RSCP or EcNo or both of them) due to the following:

1) Pilot pollution .

2) Delayed SHO  Congestion or wrong SHO parameter definition.

3) HO from UTRAN Failure.

4) Missing neighbor (Bad Rx level).

5) Over shooting.

6) Poor coverage.

Note: all mentioned reasons make a dropped call in case of no HO from UTRAN occurred
successfully.

 Transmission problem (Not RF problem)

Drive Test Introduction
Dropped call due to pilot pollution & no HO from UTRAN occurred.
Drive Test Introduction
Dropped call due to delayed SHO& no HO from UTRAN occurred.
Drive Test Introduction
Dropped call due to delayed SHO & HO from UTRAN failure
Drive Test Introduction
Dropped call due to Missing neighbor & no HO from UTRAN occurred..
Drive Test Introduction
Dropped call due to overshooting& no HO from UTRAN occurred.
Drive Test Introduction
Dropped call due to Transmission problem (Not RF problem)
Drive Test Introduction

Blocked call
Drive Test Introduction
4. Blocked call reasons.
 Bad Radio condition (Bad RSCP or EcNo or both of them) due to the following:

1) Pilot pollution .
cell reselection cell reselection
2) Delayed SHO  Congestion or wrong SHO parameter definition.

3)Missing neighbor (Bad Rx level).

4) Over shooting.

5) Poor coverage.

Note: all mentioned reasons make a Blocked call in case of no cell reselection from UTRAN
occurred.

 Congestion.
Drive Test Introduction
Blocked call due congestion.
Drive Test Introduction

Hardware problem
Drive Test Introduction
Hardware problem
Drive Test Introduction

Thank you

Best Regards,
Mohamed Samy