CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
2025-2026
Topic : Analysis Of Honey
Guided By : Mr. Parthiban
Submitted By : Thivyadarshiny
INDEX
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Aim
Objective
Introduction
Materials And Equipment
Theory
Experiment Procedure
Result
CERTIfICATE
This is to certify that THIVYADARSHINY of
class ________has completed the chemistry
project entitled
“ANALYSIS OF HONEY” himself and under my
guidance. The progress of the project has
been continuously reported and has been in
my knowledge consistently.
Internal External
Examiner Examiner
PRINCIPAL
ACkNOwlEDGEMENT
It gives me great pleasure to express my
gratitude towards our chemistry teacher
[Link] for his guidance, support
and encouragement throughout the
duration of project.
Without her motivation and help the
successful completion of this project
would not have been possible.
Thivyadarshiny
Class :-_______
---------------
ANALYSIS
OF
HONEY
---------------
AIM:-
To analyze the
available
honey for
presence of
different
minerals and
carbohydrates.
REQUIREMENTS:
AppArAtus:
Test tubes, Test tube stand,
Burner, Water Bath.
ChemiCAls:-
Fehling solution
A, Fehlingsolution B, Ammonium
chloride solution, Ammonium
oxalate solution, Ammonium
phosphate, Conc. Nitric acid,
Potassium sulphocyanide
solution.
---------------------------------------------------------------- --
--------------------------------------------------------------
THEORY
Honey, thick, sweet, super
saturated sugar solution
manufactured by bees to feed their
larvae and for the subsistence
during winter.
Bee honey is composed of
fructose, glucose and water, in
varying proportions. It also contains
several enzymes and oils. The color
& flavor depends on the age of the
honey and the sources of the nectar
.It colored honeys are usually of
higher quality than dark coloured
honeys. Other high grade honeys are
made by bees from orange blossoms,
clover and Alfalfa. A well known,
poorer grade honey is produced from
buckwheat.
-------------------------------------
Honey has a fuel value of about 3307
cal/kg [1520 cal/ lbs]. It readily
picks up moisture from the air and is
consequently used as a moistioning
agent for Tobaco and in baking.
Glucose crystallizes out of honey on
standing at room temperature,
leaving on uncrystallized layer of
dissolved fructose. Honey to be
marketed is usually heated by a
special process to about 66oC
[150.01 F] to dissolve the crystals
and is sealed to prevent
crystallization. The fructose in
crystallized honey ferments readily at
about 160C.
------------------------------------
PROCEDURE:-
TEST fOR MINERAlS:-
1. TEST fOR POTASSIUM:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and picric acid solution is added.
Yellow precipitate indicates the
presence of K+.
2. TEST fOR CAlCIUM:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH4Cl solution and NH4OH
solution are added to it. The solution
is filtered and to the filtrate 2ml of
ammonium oxalate solution is
added. White ppt. or milkiness
indicates the presence of Ca2+ ions.
----------------------------------
3. TEST fOR MAGNESIUM:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH4Cl solution is added to it and
then excess of Ammonium phospate
solution is added. The side of the
testtube is scratched with a glass
rod. White precipitate indicates the
presence of Mg2+ ions.
4. TEST fOR IRON:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and a drop of conc. HNO3 is added
and it is heated. It is cooled and 2-3
drops of Potassium sulphocyanide
solution is added to it. Blood red
colour shows the presence of iron.
-------------------------------------
TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
1. Fehling`s test :
2mL of honey is taken in a test tube and
1mL each of Fehling`s solution A and
Fehling`s solution B are added to it and
boiled. Red precipitate indicates the
presence of reducing sugars.
2. Tollen`s test:
2-3 mL of aqueous solution of honey is
taken in a test tube. 2-3mL of Tollen`s
reagent is added. The test tube is kept
in a boiling water bath for about ten
minutes. A shining silver mirror
indicates the presence of reducing
carbohydrates. ------------------------
--------------
OBSERVATION TABLE
Substance taken: honey
SL.
NO TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for Yellow [Link] Potassium is
1. observed present.
Potassium:-
Honey + Picric acid
solution
Test for Calcium:- White [Link] Calcium is
2. milkiness is not absent.
observed
Honey + NH4Cl soln.
+
NH4OH soln. filtered +
(NH4)2C2O4
Test for White [Link] not Magnesium is
3. observed absent.
Magnesium:-
Honey+ NH4OH (till
solution becomes
alkaline) + (NH4)3Po4
Test for Iron:- Blood red colour Iron is present.
4. is observed
Honey+ conc.HNO3,
heated and cooled, +
potassium
sulphocyanide
Fehling`s test:- Red ppt. is Reducing sugar
5. observed is present.
Honey + 1mL each of
Fehling`s solution A
and Fehling`s solution
B
Tollen’s test:- Shining silver Reducing
6. mirror is observed carbohydrate is
Honey + 2-3mL present
Tollen`s reagent, test
tube in
water bath for 10
minutes
--------------------------------------
RESUlT :-
Potassium is present.
Iron is present.
Calcium is absent.
Magnesium is absent.
Honey contains reducing sugar.