Lakshya Academy

Time : 1 Hour 30 Minute sample paper (1) Total Marks : 70

CHEMISTRY by Mr. ASHISH YADAV

SECTION A

* Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options.[1 Marks Each] [12]

1. Which one of the following compounds is more reactive towards SN1 reaction?
(A) C6H5CH(C6H5)Br (B) CH2=CHCH2Br (C) C6H5CH(CH3)Br (D) C6H5CH2Br

Ans. : (a) C6H5CH(C6H5)Br

Explanation: C6H5CH(C6H5)+ carbocation formed is more stable.

2. β-pleated sheet structure in proteins refers to

(A) tertiary structure (B) primary structure
(C) quaternary structure (D) secondary structure
Ans. : (d) secondary structure
Explanation: Alpha helices and beta sheets are the two most known secondary
structures of protein, As the protein folds into a three-dimensional structure, the
secondary structure forms an intermediate.
3. Anisole can be prepared by the action of methyl iodide on sodium phenate. The
reaction is called
(A) Fittigs reaction (B) Wurtzs reaction
(C) Williamsons reaction (D) Etards reaction
Ans. : (c) Williamsons reaction
Explanation: The reaction of an alkyl halide with sodium alkoxide to give ether
(alkoxy alkane), is known as Williamson's synthesis. In this reaction, an ether
(anisole) is prepared by the action of alkyl halide (methyl iodide) on sodium
alkoxide (sodium phenate), so it is an example of Williamson's synthesis.

4. A compound (A) with molecular formula C5H10O, forms a phenyl hydrazone and
gives negative Tollens' and iodoform tests. The compound on reduction gives n-
pentane. The compound (A) is:
(A) Pentan-3-one (B) Pentan-2-one (C) Pentanal (D) Pentanol
Ans. : (a) Pentan-3-one
Explanation: Pentan-3-one

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5. The ionic reactions are generally very fast because
(A) It does not involve bond breaking
(B) The number of collisions between ions are very large
(C) Reactions are highly exothermic
(D) The energy of interaction between charged ion is greater than between neutral
molecules
Ans. : (a) It does not involve bond breaking
Explanation: Ionic reactions do not involve bond breaking, energy is directly used
in completing the reaction, therefore they are fast.
6. Match the items given in column I with that in column II.
Column I Column II
(a) Molarity (1) Mass of solute 6
× 10
Mass of solution

(2) Number of gram moles of a solute per litre of

(b) Molality
solution
(c)Normality (3) Number of gram moles of a solute per kg of solvent
iv) Number of gram equivalent of a solute per litre of
(d) ppm
solution
(A) (a) (2), (b) - (3), (c) - (4), (d) - (1)
(B) (a) (4), (b) - (3), (c) - (2), (d) - (1)
(C) (a)-(3), (b) - (2), (c) - (1), (d) - (4)
(D) (a)-(1), (b) - (2), (c) - (3), (d) - (4)
Ans. : (a) (a)-(2), (b) - (3), (c) - (4), (d) - (1)
Explanation: (a) - (2), (b) - (3), (c) - (4), (d) - (1)
7. Chlorine reacts with cold and dilute NaOH to give
(A) NaCIO and NaCIO 3 (B) NaCl and NaCIO 3

(C) NaCl and NaCIO (D) NaCl and NaCIO 4

Ans. : (c) NaCl and NaCIO

Explanation: Chlorine reacts with cold and dilute NaOH to produce a mixture of
sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium hypochloride (NaOCl).
2NaOH + Cl2 → NaCl + NaOCl + H2O

8. The incorrect statement about interstitial compounds is:

(A) They retain metallic conductivity.
(B) They are very hard.
(C) They are chemically reactive.
(D) They have high melting point.

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 Ans. : (c) They are chemically reactive.
Explanation: Interstitial compounds are obtained when small atoms like H, B, C,
resemble N, etc. fit into the lattice of other elements. They are chemically inert
9. The half life of a substance in a first order reaction is 15 min. The rate constant
is
(A) 4.62 x 10-2 min-1 (B) 6.74 x 10-2 min-1 (C) 2.46 x 102 min-1 (D) 7.18 x 102min-1

Ans. : (a) 4.62 x 10-2 min -1

Explanation: for first order reaction
0.693
t1/2 =
k

10. Which of the following does not give Cannizaro reaction?

(A) (CH3)3 C-CHO

(B) (CH3)2 CH - CHO

(C) HCHO

(D)

Ans. : (b) (CH3)2 CH - CHO

Explanation: (CH3)2 CH - CHO doesn't give cannizaro reaction.

11. The conversion of an alkyl halide into alcohol by aqueous NaOH is classified as
(A) a dehydrohalogenation reaction (B) a substitution reaction
(C) an addition reaction (D) a dehydration reaction
Ans. : (b) a substitution reaction
Explanation: Alkyl halides on alkaline hydrolysis (aqueous NaOH) get converted into
alcohol. This takes place by a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the -X atom
is substituted by a nucleophile i.e -OH group. The primary alkyl halides undergo
nucleophilic substitution reaction by SN2 substitution mechanism, while tertiary
alkyl halides follow SN1 substitution mechanism.

12. Which of the following methods of preparation of amines will give same number
of carbon atoms in the chain of amines as in the reactant?
(A) Treatment of amide with bromine in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide
(B) Heating alkylhalide with potassium salt of phthalimide followed by hydrolysis
(C) Reaction of nitrite with LiAlH4

(D) Reaction of amide with LiAlH4 followed by treatment with water

Ans. : (a) Treatment of amide with bromine in an aqueous solution of sodium

hydroxide

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 Explanation: Aliphatic and aryl/alkyl primary amines can be prepared by the
reduction of the corresponding nitriles with lithium aluminium hydride LiAIH4.

Heating alkyl halide with primary, secondary, and tertiary amine can be prepared
by reduction of LiAlH4 ether followed by treatment with water.

Heating alkyl halide with potassium salt of phthalimide followed by hydrolysis

produces primary amine. This process is known as Gabriel's phthalimide reaction.
The number of carbon atoms in the chain of amines of the product is the same as
a reactant.

* a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). [4]

Choose the correct option.

13. Assertion (A): Primary structure of proteins gives an idea about the
conformation of the molecule.
Reason (R): The differences in chemical and biological properties of various
proteins arise due to the difference in primary structure.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true.

Ans. : (d) A is false but R is true.

Explanation: The primary structure of a protein gives only the nature of linkages of
-amino acids in a protein chain.
14. Assertion (A): RCHO, RCOCH3 and cyclic ketones react with sodium bisulphite.
Reason (R): Crystalline solid derivatives are formed when aldehydes or ketones
are shaken with saturated aqueous solution of sodium bisulphite.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.

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 Ans. : (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: SO3
−−
is a large ion. Its addition is possible only under the condition

that grouping is not sterically hindered as is the case for RCHO, RCOCH3 and
cyclic ketones.
15. Assertion (A): Aryl halide gives a mixture of o- and p-products.
Reason (R): Aryl halides undergo electrophilic substitutions more readily than
benzene.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.

Ans. : (c) A is true but R is false.

Explanation: Halogens are somewhat deactivating but o, p-directing. As a result,
aryl halides undergo the usual electrophilic substitution reactions less readily than
benzene
16. Assertion (A): Last traces of moisture in ethanol can be removed by keeping it
over sodium wire
Reason (R): Sodium reacts with water but not with ethanol to produce H2 gas.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) both A and R are false.
Ans. : (d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation: Last traces of moisture in ethanol cannot be removed by keeping it
over sodium wire. Sodium reacts both with H2O and ethanol.

SECTION B

* Given Section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [10]

17. i. What type of isomerism is shown by the complex [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3?

ii. On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration for d4
ion if Δo > P.
iii. Write the hybridization and shape of [CoF6]3-. (Atomic number of Co = 27)

Ans. : i. Hydration isomerism

ii. Electronic configuration is tag t
4
2g

iii. Hybridization is sp³d² and shape is octahedral.

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18. What is lanthanoid contraction? What is its effect on the chemistry of the
elements which follow the lanthanoids?
Ans. : The decrease in atomic and ionic size with increase in atomic number among
lanthanoids is called lanthanoid contraction. The elements after lanthanoids closely
resemble with the elements exactly above them due to similar ionic size for
example Zr and Hf have similar sizes.
19. Answer the following:
(a) For a certain reaction large fraction of molecules has energy more than the
threshold energy, yet the rate of reaction is very slow. Why?
(b) State a condition under which a bimolecular reaction is kinetically first-order
reaction.
Ans. : (i)Though the reacting large fraction of molecules may be having energy
more than threshold energy, yet they may not be effective due to lack of proper
orientation.
(ii) Let us consider a biomolecular reaction:
A+B → Product
Rate = k[A][B] ...(i)
When the concentration of [B] is taken in large excess that its concentration hardly
change, rate law will become Rate
=k'[A]
where, k' = k[B]
The order of reaction will be equal to one.
20. The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 0.850 bar. A
non-volatile, non-electrolyte solid weighing 0.5 g when added to 39.0 g of
benzene (molar mass 78 g mol-1). Vapour pressure of the solution, then, is 0.845 bar. What
is the molar mass of the solid substance?

Ans. : The various quantities known to us are as follows:

0
p1 = 0.850bar; p = 0.845 bar; M = 78gmol ; w = 0.5g; w = 39g
1
−1
2 1

Substituting these values in equation of relative lowering of vapour pressure, we

get
−1
0.850bar−0.845bar 0.5g×78gmol
=
0.850bar M2 ×39g

Therefore, M 2 = 170g mol-1

OR
* Calculate the osmotic pressure in pascals exerted by a solution prepared by
dissolving 1.0 g of polymer of molar mass 185,000 in 450 mL of water at 37°C.
Ans. : It is given that:
Volume of water, V= 450 mL = 0.45 L
Temperature, T = (37+273) K = 310 K

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 Number of moles of the polymer, n = 1

185000
mol

We know that:
Osmotic pressure, π = n

V
RT

1 1 3 −1 −1
= mol × × 8.314 × 10 P aLK mol × 310K
185000 0.45

= 30.98 Pa
= 31 Pa (approximately)
21. Describe how the following conversions can be brought about (any two)?
i. Cyclohexanol to cyclohexan-1-one.
ii. Ethyl benzene to benzoic acid.
iii. Bromobenzene to benzoic acid.
Ans. :

SECTION C

* Given Section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [21]

22. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction.

2+ 2
Zn(s) + C u (aq) ⇌ Z n (aq) + Cu(s)
0
Given: E 2+
= −0.763V
Zn /Z n

0
and E 2+
= +0.34V
cu /cu

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 2+ −
Zn(s) → Z n (aq) + 2e

2+ −
Cu (aq) + 2e → Cu(s)

2+ 2+
Zn(s) + C u (aq) → Z n (aq) + Cu(s)

0 +2 0 +2
Ecell = E Cu /Cu − E Zn /Zn

= +0.34V − (−0.763V )

Ans. : = 1.103V
0
nE
log K =
0.0591

2×1.103
=
0.0591

2.206
log K = = 37.326
0.0591

k = Antilog 37.326

37
= 2.118 × 10

23. Consider a certain reaction A → Products with k = 2.0 × 10-2 s-1. Calculate the
concentration of A remaining after 100 s if the initial concentration of A is 1.0
mol L-1.

−2 −1
k = 2.0 × 10 s

Ans. : T = 100s

−1
[A]0 = 1.0molL

Since the unit of k is s

−1
, the given reaction is a first order reaction.

Therefore, k =
[A]
2.303 0
log
t [A]

−2 −1 2.303 1.0
2.0 × 10 s = log
100 [A]

−2 −1 2.303
2.0 × 10 s = (− log[A])
100

−2
2.0× 10 ×100
− log[A] =
2.303

−2
2.0× 10 ×100
[A] = antilog(− )
2.303

= 0.135 mol L-1 (approximately)

Hence, the remaining concentration of A is 0.135 mol L-1.
24. Give the major products that are formed by heating each of the following ethers
with HI.

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 Ans. :

OR
* i. Write the mechanism of the following SN1 reaction:
[Link]

(CH3 ) C − Br −−−−−→ (CH3 ) C − OH + NaBr

3 3

ii. Write the equation for the preparation of 2-methyl-2-methoxypropane by

Williamson synthesis.
Ans. : (1)

(2)

25. Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their property
indicated:
i. Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetophenone, Acetone (Reactivity towards HCN)

Page 9
 ii. (CH3)2CHCOOH, CH3CH2CH(Br)COOH, CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH (Acidic strength)
iii. CH3CH2OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH (Boiling point)

Ans. : (1)
Acetophenone < Benzaldehyde < Acetone < Acetaldehyde
(2)

(3)
CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH < CH3COOH

26. One half-cell in a voltaic cell is constructed from a silver wire dipped in silver
nitrate solution of unknown concentration. The other half-cell consists of a zinc
electrode in 1.0 M solution of Zn(NO 3)2. A voltage of 1.48 V is measured for this
cell. Use this information to calculate the concentration of silver nitrate solution.
[ Given, E ∘

Zn
2+= −0.763 V and E
/Zn
∘

Ag
+ = +0.80 V ].
/Ag

Ans. :

27. One of the two figures given below represents substitution and the other
represents elimination. Indicate which is substitution and which is elimination.

Ans. : a. represents elimination because in this the anion attacks the H and
simultaneously Br leaves leading to formation of a double bond.
 b. represents substitution as the nucleophile attacks the compound and
simultaneously the leaving group leaves.
28. What is an electrochemical series? How does it help in calculating the e.m.f of a
standard cell?
Ans. : The series of elements which have been arranged on the basis of their
electrode potential is called electrochemical series or activity series.
Standard EMF of the cell = [standard reduction potential of the right hand side
electrode] - [Standard reduction potential of the left hand side electrode]
emf = E
0
cathode
−E
0
anode

SECTION D

* Given Section consists of questions of 4 marks each. [8]

29. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The transition metals when exposed to oxygen at low and intermediate
temperatures form thin, protective oxide films of up to some thousands of
Angstroms in thickness. Transition metal oxides lie between the extremes of
ionic and covalent binary compounds formed by elements from the left or right
side of the periodic table. They range from metallic to semiconducting and
deviate by both large and small degrees from stoichiometry. Since delectron
bonding levels are involved, the cations-exist in various valence states and hence
give rise to a large number of oxides. The crystal structures are often classified
by considering a cubic or hexagonal close-packed lattice of one set of ions with
the other set of ions filling the octahedral or tetrahedral interstices. The actual
oxide structures, however, generally show departures from such regular arrays
due in part to distortions caused by packing of ions of different size and to
ligand field effects. These distortions depend not only on the number of d-
electrons but also on the valence and the position of the transition metal in a
period or group.
i. Why does copper, which is in first series of transition metal exhibits +1
oxidation state most frequently? (1)
ii. The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic. Why? (1)
iii. The variability in oxidation states of d-block different from that of the p-block
elements. Explain. (2)
Ans. : i. Copper readily loses one electron from its 4s orbital, to form stable 3d
electronic configuration.
ii. The lower oxide of transition metal has low oxidation states. This means some of
the valence electrons of the metal atoms do not participate in bonding. Thus, they
can donate electrons and can behave as bases.
iii. In p-block, lower oxidation state is more stable due to inert pair effect, whereas
 in d-block elements higher oxidation states states are more stable. In d-block,
oxidation states differ by one, whereas in p-block, it differs by two.
OR
* Crystal structure of oxides of transition metals often show defects. Given
reason. (2)
Ans. : The actual oxide structures, generally show departures from a regular arrays
due in part to distortions caused by packing of ions of different size and to ligand
field effects.
30. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Aariv Sharma is very fond of a special drink made by his grandmother using
different fruits available in their hometown. It has an outstanding taste and also
provide great health benefits of natural fruits. He thought of utilizing his
grandmother recipe to create a new product in the beverage market that
provide health benefits and also contain fizziness of various soft drinks available
in the market.
i. How he can add fizz to the special drink made by his grandmother? (1)
ii. What is the law stated in the chapter that can help Aariv to make his drink
fizzy? (1)
iii. What precautions he should take while bottling so that his product does not
lose fizz during storage and handling across long distances? (2)
Ans. : i. Carbondioxide is a gas which provide fizz and tangy flavour. He can
dissolve Carbondioxide gas in the drink.
ii. Henry's law which states that solubility of a gas in liquid is directly proportional
to partial pressure of the gas.
iii. Bottles should be sealed under high pressure of CO 2 and capping should be
done perfectly to avoid leakage of CO 2 as any loss of partial pressure will result
into decrease in solubility.
OR
* The mole fraction of helium in a saturated solution at 20°C is 1.2 g 10-6. Find the
pressure of helium above the solution. Given Henry's constant at 20°C is 144.97
kbar. (2)

pHe = KHx × XHe

Ans. : = (144.97 × 10
3 −6
bar ) (1.2 × 10 )

= 0.174 bar

SECTION E

* Given Section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [15]

31. Attempt any five of the following:
(a) What is the structural feature characterising reducing sugars?
(b) What type of linkage is present in polysaccharides?
(c) Give examples of fat soluble vitamins.
(d) The two strands in DNA are not identical but are complementary. Explain.
(e) Write uses of B-Complex.
(f) Name the disaccharide which on hydrolysis gives two molecules of glucose.
(g) Name purines present in DNA?
Ans. : Attempt any five of the following:
(i) The reducing sugars have free aldehydic or ketonic groups.
(ii) Glycosidic linkage
(iii)Fat soluble vitamins are absorbed along with fats in the diet and are stored in
body's fatty tissue and in the liver. Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat soluble vitamins.
iv)In the helical structure of DNA, the two strands are held together by hydrogen
bonds between specific pairs of bases. Cytosine forms hydrogen bond with
guanine, while adenine forms hydrogen bond with thymine. As a result, the two
strands are complementary to each other.
(v) It is required for making red blood cells, muscles.
(vi)The disaccharide which gives two molecules of glucose on hydrolysis is maltose.
(vii)Adenine and guanine
32. Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:
a. [P t(N H 3 )2 Cl (N O2 ]

b. K 3 [Cr(C2 O4 )3 ]

c. [CoCl 2 (en )2 ] Cl

d. [Co(N H ) (CO
3 5 3 )] Cl

e. Hg [Co(SCN ) ] 4

Ans. : a. The IUPAC name of [Pt (NH3)2 Cl(NO 2] is Diamminechloridonitrito-N-

platinum(II).
b. The IUPAC name of K3 [Cr (C2O 4)3] is Potassium trioxalatochromate(III).
c. The IUPAC name of [CoCl2 (en)2]Cl is Dichloridobis (ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt
(III) chloride.
d. The IUPAC name of [Co(NH3)5 (CO 3)]Cl is Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt(III)
chloride.
e. The IUPAC name of Hg [Co (SCN)4] is Mercury (I) tetrathiocyanatocobaltate(III).

OR
* Using Valence bond theory, explain the following in relation to the
paramagnetic complex [Mn(CN)6]3-
a. type of hybridisation
 b. magnetic moment value
c. type of complex - inner, outer orbital complex
Ans. :

a. Type of hybridisation - d²sp³

b. Magnetic moment value
−−−−−− − −−−−−− −
= √n(n + 2) = √2(2 + 2) = 2.87BM

(n = no. of unpaired electrons)

c. Type of complex - inner orbital
33. (i). Write the structures of main products when benzene diazonium chloride
(C6 H5 N
+
2
−
Cl ) reacts with the following reagents.
a. HBF 4 /Δ

b. Cu/HBr
(ii). Write the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:
Sn/HCl N aN O2 +HCl 273K

a. C 6 H5 N O2 −−−−→ A −−−−−−−−→B−−−→H
Δ

273K

K CN LiAlH4 HN O 2

b. CH 3 Cl −−−→A−−−−→B−−−−→C
273K

Ans. : (1)
 (2)

OR
* (i). Illustrate the following reactions giving suitable example in each case:
a. Ammonolysis
b. Coupling reaction
c. Acetylation of amines
(ii). Describe Hinsberg method for the identification of primary, secondary and
tertiary amines. Also, write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.
Ans. : (1)
(a). Ammonolysis The process of cleavage of the C-X bond by ammonia molecule is
known as ammonolysis. In this process, an alkyl or benzyl halide on reaction with
an ethanolic solution of ammonia undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction in
which halogen atom is replaced by an amino (-NH2) group. The reaction is carried
out in a sealed tube at 373 K. The primary amine thus obtained behaves as a
nucleophile and can further react with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary
amines and further quaternary salts.

(b). Coupling reaction Arenediazonium salts react with highly reactive (i.e. electron-
rich) aromatic compounds such as aniline, phenols to form brightly coloured azo
compounds, Ar-N =N-Ar. This reaction is called coupling reaction. e.g. Benzene
diazonium chloride reacts with aniline in faintly acidic medium (pH 4-5) at 273-278K,
in which the molecule at its para-position is coupled with the diazonium salt to
form p-aminoazobenzene. This is an example of coupling reaction.

(c). Acetylation of amines The process of introducing an acetyl group into

the molecule is called acetylation of amines.

(2) The reaction of primary and secondary amines with benzenesulphonyl chloride
(C6H5SO₂Cl, known as Hinsberg's reagent to form sulphonamides is known as
Hinsberg's method (or reaction). This method (or reaction) is used for separating
1º, 2º and 3º amines.
(a). The reaction of benzenesulphonyl chloride with primary amine yields N-
ethylbenzenesulphonamide.

The hydrogen attached to N-atom in sulphonamide is strogly acidic due to the

presence of strong electron withdrawing sulphonyl group. Hence, it is soluble in
alkali.
(b). In the reaction with secondary amine, N, N-diethylbenzenes amide is formed.

Since, N, N-diethylbenzenesulphonamide does not contain any hydrogen atom

attached to nitrogen atom, it is not acidic and hence, insoluble in alkali.
c. Tertiary amines do not react with benzenesulphonyl chloride. as it doesn't
contain replaceable hydrogens.
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