22AM304 – FUNDAMENTALS OF IMAGE

PROCESSING
Hours per week:

L T P C
3 0 2 4

PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: Probability & Statistics.

COURSE DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES:

This course focuses on imparting knowledge about the aspects of Image Processing and its
applications. The main objective of the course is to learn digital image fundamentals, image
transforms, image enhancement, restoration and compression, morphological image processing,
representation and description.

MODULE-1

UNIT–1 6L+6T+6P=18 hours

FUNDAMENTALS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

Fundamental steps in digital image processing, Components of image processing system, A

simple image formation model, Image sampling and quantization, Basic relationships between
pixels, Introduction to Fourier Transform and DFT – properties of 2D Fourier Transform, FFT.

UNIT–2 10L+10T+10P=30 hours

IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN THE SPATIAL AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS

Basic gray - level transformations, Histogram processing, Basics of spatial filtering, Smoothing
spatial filters, Sharpening spatial filters, The basics of filtering in the frequency domain, Image
smoothing in frequency domain filters, Image sharpening in frequency domain filters.

Image Segmentation: Fundamentals, Point, Line and edge detection, Thresholding, Region-based
segmentation, Segmentation using morphological watersheds, The use of motion in
segmentation.

PRACTICES:

 Develop a module to enhance the image by using image arithmetic and logical operations.
 Develop a module for an image enhancement using kernel operations.
 Develop a module for gray level slicing with and without background.
 Develop a module for image enhancement using histogram equalization.
 Develop a module to filter an image using low pass & high pass filter in spatial domain.
Compare the performance of both filters.
 Develop a module for smooth an image using low pass & high pass filters in frequency
domain. Compare the performance of both filters.
 Develop a module for detecting lines & edges in an image.
 Develop a module for segmenting region of interest.

MODULE-2

UNIT–1 8L+8T+8P=24 hours

IIMAGE RESTORATION

A model of image degradation/restoration, Noise models, inverse filtering, wiener filtering,

Constrained Least Squares Filtering, Geometric Mean Filter.

Image Compression: Fundamentals, Huffman coding, Golomb coding, LZW coding, Run-
length coding

UNIT–2 8L+8T+8P=24 hours

MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Erosion, Dilation, Opening, Closing, The hit-or-miss transformation; Basic morphological

algorithms - boundary extraction, hole filling, extraction of connected components, thinning,
thickening, skeletons, pruning.

Feature Extraction: Background, Boundary preprocessing, Boundary Feature Descriptors,

Region Feature Descriptors, Principle Components as feature descriptors, Whole-image
features.

PRACTICES:

 Develop a module to perform add & removal of salt and pepper noise. Compute PSNR &
MSE and check the impact before and after removal of noise.
 Develop a module to remove noise using average filter and median filter. Compute PSNR
& MSE before and after removal of noise.
 Develop a module for image compression and decompression.
 Develop a module for morphological image operations -erosion, dilation, opening &
closing.
 Develop a module for morphological image operations - hit-or-miss transformation.
 Develop a module for morphological image operations - thinning, thickening
 Develop a module for extracting boundary features of an image.
 Develop a module for extracting features of an image using GLCM.

SKILLS:

 Apply knowledge of science and engineering principles to image related problems.

 Undertake image problem identification and formulate solutions.
 Implement algorithms for enhancement, restoration, compression etc.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of this course, students will have the ability to:
CO Course Outcomes
No. Blooms Module Mapping
Level No. with POs
1 understand the fundamental concepts of a Understand 1 1,2
digital image processing system
2 learn different techniques employed for the Analyse 1 1,2,3,5,12
enhancement of images.
3 employ image segmentation and representation Apply 1 1,2,3,5,12
techniques to extract region of interest
4 learn different causes for image degradation Evaluate 2 1,2,3,5,12
and overview of image restoration techniques.
5 apply various compression techniques to Apply 2 1,2,3,5,12
reduce image size and morphological
operations to extract features.
6 learn different feature extraction techniques for Apply 2 1,2,3,5,12
image analysis and recognition

TEXT BOOK:
1. Rafeal C Gonzalez and Richard [Link], “Digital Image Processing”, 4th edition,
Pearson Education/ PHI, 2018.
2. Rafeal C Gonzalez and Richard [Link], “Digital Image Processing using MATLAB”,
4th edition, Pearson Education/ PHI, 2020.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle, “Image Processing, Analysis and
th
Machine Vision”, 4 Edition, Cengage, 2015.
2. Alasdair McAndrew, “Introduction to Digital Image Processing with Matlab”, Thomson
Course Technology, 2004 Course Technology Press, Boston, MA, United States, 2004.
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3. William K. Prat, “Digital Image Processing”, 4 Edition, Wiley-Interscience, A John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication, 2007.