6/30/2021 300+ REAL TIME NETWORK ENGINEER Interview Questions & Answers

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Get your business seen
Tell about your eductaion, place you belong to, some struggle in life which shows that you have
on Google Search,
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B) Technical Questions :­ visit.

1) What is a LAN?
LAN is short for Local Area Network. It refers to the connection between computers and other
network devices that are located within a small physical location.

2) What is the difference between a normal LAN cable and cross cable? What
could be the maximum length of the LAN cable?

The way the paired wires are connected to the connector (RJ45) is different in cross

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cable and normal LAN cable.

The theoritical length is 100 meters but after 80 meters you may see drop in speed due to
loss of signal.

3) What id DHCP? Why it is used? What are scopes and super scopes?

1. DHCP: Dynamic host configuration protocol. Its used to allocate IP addresses to large
number of PCs in a network environment. This makes the IP management very easy.
2. Scope: Scope contains IP address like subnet mask, gateway IP, DNS server IP and
exclusion range which a client can use to communicate with the other PCs in the network.
3. Superscope: When we combine two or more scopes together its called super scope.

4) What are the types of LAN cables used? What is a cross cable?
Types of LAN cables that are in use are “Cat 5” and “Cat 6”. “Cat 5” can support 100 Mbps of
speed and “CAT 6” can support 1Gbps of speed.
Cross cable: Its used to connect same type of devices without using a switch/hub so that they
can communicate.

5) What is Active Directory?

A central component of the Windows platform, Active Directory directory service provides the
means to manage the identities and relationships that make up network environments. For
example we can create, manage and administor users, computers and printers in the network
from active directory.

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6) What is DNS? Why it is used? What is “forward lookup” and “reverse lookup”
in DNS? What are A records and mx records?
DNS is domain naming service and is used for resolving names to IP address and IP addresses
to names. The computer understands only numbers while we can easily remember names. So
to make it easier for us what we do is we assign names to computers and websites. When we
use these names (Like [Link]) the computer uses

DNS to convert to IP address (number) and it executes our request.

Forward lookup: Converting names to IP address is called forward lookup.
Reverse lookup: Resolving IP address to names is called reverse lookup.
‘A’ record: Its called host record and it has the mapping of a name to IP address. This is
the record in DNS with the help of which DNS can find out the IP address of a name.
‘MX’ Record: its called mail exchanger record. Its the record needed to locate the mail
servers in the network. This record is also found in DNS.

7) What is IPCONFIG command? Why it is used?

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IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information assigned to a computer. Fromthe

output we can find out the IP address, DNS IP address, gateway IP address assigned to that
computer.

8) What is APIPA IP address? Or what IP address is assigned to the computer

when the DHCP server is not available?
When DHCP server is not available the Windows client computer assignes an automatic IP
address to itself so that it can communicate with the network cmputers. This ip address is
called APIPA. ITs in the range of 169.254.X.X.
APIPA stands for Automatic private IP addressing. Its in the range of 169.254.X.X.

9) What is a DOMAIN? What is the difference between a domain and a

workgroup? Domain is created when we install Active Directory. It’s a security boundary
which is used to manage computers inside the boundary. Domain can be used to centrally
administor computers and we can govern them using common policies called group policies.
We can’t do the same with workgroup.

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10) Do you know how to configure outlook 2000 and outlook 2003 for a user?
Please visit the link below to find out how to configure outlook 2000 and outlook
[Link]://[Link]/quickguides/qg_outlook2003_server.asp

NETWORK ENGINEER
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11) What is a PST file and what is the difference between a PST file and OST file?
What file is used by outlook express?
PST file is used to store the mails locally when using outlook 2000 or 2003. OST file is used
when we use outlook in cached exchanged mode. Outlook express useds odb file.
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12) What is BSOD? What do you do when you get blue screen in a computer? How
do you troubleshoot it?
BSOD stands for blue screen of Death. when there is a hardware or OS fault due to which the
windows OS can run it give a blue screen with a code. Best way to resolve it is to boot the
computer is “LAst known good configuration”. If this doesn’t work than boot the computer in
safe mode. If it boots up than the problemis with one of the devices or drivers.

13) What is RIS? What is Imaging/ghosting?

RIS stands for remote installation services. You save the installed image on a windows server
and then we use RIS to install the configured on in the new hardware. We can use it to deploy
both server and client OS. Imaging or ghosting also does the same job of capturing an installed
image and then install it on a new hardware when there is a need. We go for RIS or
iamging/ghosting because installing OS everytime using a CD can be a very time consuming
task. So to save that time we can go for RIS/Ghosting/imaging.

14) What is VPN and how to configure it?

VPN stands for Virtual private network. VPN is used to connect to the corporate network to
access the resources like mail and files in the LAN. VPN can be configured using the
stepsmentioned in the KB: [Link]

15) Your computer slowly drops out of network. A reboot of the computer fixes
the problem. What to do to resolve this issue?
Update the network card driver.

16) Your system is infected with Virus? How to recover the data?
Install another system. Insall the OS with the lates pathces, Antivirus with latest updates.
Connect the infected HDD as secondary drive in the system. Once done scan and clean the
secondary HDD. Once done copy the files to the new system.

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17) What is a Link?

A link refers to the connectivity between two devices. It includes the type of cables and
protocols used in order for one device to be able to communicate with the other.

18) What is the difference between a switch and a hub?

Switch sends the traffic to the port to which its meant for. Hub sends the traffic to all the ports.

19) What is a router? Why we use it?

Router is a switch which uses routing protocols to process and send the traffic. It also receives
the traffic and sends it across but it uses the routing protocols to do so.

20) What are manageable and non manageable switches?

Switches which can be administered are calledmanageable switches. For example we can create
VLAN for on such switch. On no manageable swiches we can’t do so.

21) What is NIC?

A network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface controller) is a piece of computer
hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network

22) What is USB?

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface devices. Devices like Modem,
Mouse, Keyboard etc can be connected.

23) Dialup vs. Broadband

A broadband connection (ADSL) provides high­speed Internet access over a standard phone
line. The advantage of a broadband connection over a standard dialup service, is that
Broadband is considerably faster, and is “always­on”, meaning that once you”re logged on, your
PC is online until the PC is turned off again.

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Broadband offer high­speed Internet access and allows telephone calls and a permanent
Internet connection to share a single phone line simultaneously whereas in Dialup connection
either Internet connection or telephone call can made at given time.

24) LAN and WAN

A local area network is a computer network covering a small geographic area, like a home,
office, or group of buildings

Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network
whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). Or, less
formally, a network that uses routers and public communications links

25) Microsoft Access

Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database
management system from Microsoft.

26) What is RAS?

Remote Access Services (RAS) refers to any combination of hardware and software to enable
the remote access to tools or information that typically reside on a network of IT devices.

27) Difference between Client Mail and Web Mail?

Email clients download your emails onto your computer. Using a specialized email program
such as Outlook Express or Apple Mail has the advantage of giving you complete control over
your email; every email you receive is placed on your computer and you can keep as many large
file attachments as you want.
Checking your email through our webmail is similar to using Hotmail or Yahoo! Mail. You
never actually copy your messages to your computer; in fact, you are looking at them through
your web browser on somebody else”s computer. When you are not online, you are not able to

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see your email.

28) RAM and ROM

random access memory, a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is,
any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. RAM is the most
common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers.

Pronounced rahm, acronym for read­only memory, computer memory on which data has been
prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only
be read. Unlike main memory (RAM), ROM retains its contents even when the computer is
turned off. ROM is referred to as being nonvolatile, whereas RAM is volatile.

29) Spamguard
Spam Guard is an Outlook add­in that filters email that arrives in your inbox. If the sender of
any message cannot be identified then the message is moved into a spam quarantine folder.
Messages deposited in the spam quarantine folder can be inspected and either deleted or
approved at your leisure.

30) Firewall and Antivirus

A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. Firewalls can
be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are
frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks
connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or leaving the intranet
pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the
specified security criteria.

Antivirus is a software program which helps protect a computer against being infected by a
virus.

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31) DNS
Short for Domain Name System (or Service or Server), an Internet service that translates
domain names into IP addresses. Because domain names are alphabetic, they”re easier to
remember. The Internet however, is really based on IP addresses. Every time you use a domain
name, therefore, a DNS service must translate the name into the corresponding IP address. For
example, the domain name [Link] might translate to [Link].

32) IPConfig
IPConfig is a command line tool used to control the network connections on Windows
NT/2000/XP machines. There are three main commands: “all”, “release”, and “renew”.
IPConfig displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings. Used without
parameters, IPConfig displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all
adapters.

33) Trace route

Trace route is the program that shows you the route over the network between two systems,
listing all the intermediate routers a connection must pass through to get to its destination. It
can help you determine why your connections to a given server might be poor, and can often
help you figure out where exactly the problem is. It also shows you how systems are connected
to each other, letting you see how your ISP connects to the Internet as well as how the target
system is connected.

34) What is the equivalent layer or layers of the TCP/IP Application layer in
terms of OSI reference model?

The TCP/IP Application layer actually has three counterparts on the OSI model: the Session
layer, Presentation Layer and Application Layer.

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35) How can you identify the IP class of a given IP address?

By looking at the first octet of any given IP address, you can identify whether it’s Class A, B or
C. If the first octet begins with a 0 bit, that address is Class A. If it begins with bits 10 then that
address is a Class B address. If it begins with 110, then it’s a Class C network.

36) What is the main purpose of OSPF?

OSPF, or Open Shortest Path First, is a link­state routing protocol that uses routing tables to
determine the best possible path for data exchange.

37) What are firewalls?

Firewalls serve to protect an internal network from external attacks. These external threats can
be hackers who want to steal data or computer viruses that can wipe out data in an instant. It
also prevents other users from external networks from gaining access to the private network.

38) Describe star topology

Star topology consists of a central hub that connects to nodes. This is one of the easiest to setup
and maintain.

39) What are gateways?

Gateways provide connectivity between two or more network segments. It is usually a

computer that runs the gateway software and provides translation services. This translation is a
key in allowing different systems to communicate on the network.

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40) What is the disadvantage of a star topology?

One major disadvantage of star topology is that once the central hub or switch get damaged,
the entire network becomes unusable.

41) What is SLIP?

SLIP, or Serial Line Interface Protocol, is actually an old protocol developed during the early
UNIX days. This is one of the protocols that are used for remote access.

42) Give some examples of private network addresses.

1. [Link] with a subnet mask of [Link]

2. [Link] with subnet mask of [Link]
3. [Link] with subnet mask of [Link]

43) What is tracert?

Tracert is a Windows utility program that can used to trace the route taken by data from the
router to the destination network. It also shows the number of hops taken during the entire
transmission route.

44) What are the functions of a network administrator?

A network administrator has many responsibilities that can be summarize into 3 key functions:
installation of a network, configuration of network settings, and maintenance/troubleshooting
of networks.

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45) Describe at one disadvantage of a peer to peer network.

When you are accessing the resources that are shared by one of the workstations on the
network, that workstation takes a performance hit.

46) What is Hybrid Network?

A hybrid network is a network setup that makes use of both client­server and peer­to­peer
architecture.

47) What is DHCP?

DHCP is short for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Its main task is to automatically
assign an IP address to devices across the network. It first checks for the next available address
not yet taken by any device, then assigns this to a network device.

48) What is the main job of the ARP?

The main task of ARP or Address Resolution Protocol is to map a known IP address to a MAC
layer address.

49) What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP is short for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. This is a set of protocol
layers that is designed to make data exchange possible on different types of computer
networks, also known as heterogeneous network.

50) How can you manage a network using a router?

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Routers have built in console that lets you configure different settings, like security and data
logging. You can assign restrictions to computers, such as what resources it is allowed access,
or what particular time of the day they can browse the internet. You can even put restrictions
on what websites are not viewable across the entire network.

51) What protocol can be applied when you want to transfer files between
different platforms, such between UNIX systems and Windows servers?

Use FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for file transfers between such different servers. This is
possible because FTP is platform independent.

52) What is the use of a default gateway?

Default gateways provide means for the local networks to connect to the external network. The
default gateway for connecting to the external network is usually the address of the external
router port.

53) One way of securing a network is through the use of passwords. What can be
considered as good passwords?

Good passwords are made up of not just letters, but by combining letters and numbers. A
password that combines uppercase and lowercase letters is favorable than one that uses all
upper case or all lower case letters. Passwords must be not words that can easily be guessed by
hackers, such as dates, names, favorites, etc. Longer passwords are also better than short ones.

54) What is the proper termination rate for UTP cables?

The proper termination for unshielded twisted pair network cable is 100 ohms.

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55) What is netstat?

Netstat is a command line utility program. It provides useful information about the current
TCP/IP settings of a connection.

56) What is the number of network IDs in a Class C network?

For a Class C network, the number of usable Network ID bits is 21. The number of possible
network IDs is 2 raised to 21 or 2,097,152. The number of host IDs per network ID is 2 raised to
8 minus 2, or 254.

57) What happens when you use cables longer than the prescribed length?

Cables that are too long would result in signal loss. This means that data transmission and
reception would be affected, because the signal degrades over length.

58) What common software problems can lead to network defects?

Software related problems can be any or a combination of the following:

client server problems

application conflicts
error in configuration
protocol mismatch
security issues
user policy and rights issues

59) What is ICMP?

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ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol. It provides messaging and communication for
protocols within the TCP/IP stack. This is also the protocol that manages error messages that
are used by network tools such as PING.

60) What is Ping?

Ping is a utility program that allows you to check connectivity between network devices on the
network. You can ping a device by using its IP address or device name, such as a computer
name.

61) What is peer to peer?

Peer to peer are networks that does not reply on a server. All PCs on this network act as
individual workstations.

62) What is DNS?

DNS is Domain Name System. The main function of this network service is to provide host
names to TCP/IP address resolution.

63) What advantages does fiber optics have over other media?

One major advantage of fiber optics is that is it less susceptible to electrical interference. It also
supports higher bandwidth, meaning more data can be transmitted and received. Signal
degrading is also very minimal over long distances.

64) What is the difference between a hub and a switch?

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A hub acts as a multiport repeater. However, as more and more devices connect to it, it would
not be able to efficiently manage the volume of traffic that passes through it. A switch provides
a better alternative that can improve the performance especially when high traffic volume is
expected across all ports.

65) What are the different network protocols that are supported by Windows
RRAS services?

There are three main network protocols supported: NetBEUI, TCP/IP, and IPX.

66) What are the maximum networks and hosts in a class A, B and C network?

For Class A, there are 126 possible networks and 16,777,214 hosts
For Class B, there are 16,384 possible networks and 65,534 hosts
For Class C, there are 2,097,152 possible networks and 254 hosts

67) What is the standard color sequence of a straight­through cable?

orange/white, orange, green/white, blue, blue/white, green, brown/white, brown.

68) What protocols fall under the Application layer of the TCP/IP stack?

The following are the protocols under TCP/IP Application layer: FTP, TFTP, Telnet and SMTP.

69) You need to connect two computers for file sharing. Is it possible to do this
without using a hub or router?

Yes, you can connect two computers together using only one cable. A crossover type cable can
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be use in this scenario. In this setup, the data transmit pin of one cable is connected to the data
receive pin of the other cable, and vice versa.

70) What is ipconfig?

Ipconfig is a utility program that is commonly used to identify the addresses information of a
computer on a network. It can show the physical address as well as the IP address.

71) What is the difference between a straight­through and crossover cable?

A straight­through cable is used to connect computers to a switch, hub or router. A crossover

cable is used to connect two similar devices together, such as a PC to PC or Hub to hub.

72) What is client/server?

Client/server is a type of network wherein one or more computers act as servers. Servers
provide a centralized repository of resources such as printers and files. Clients refers to
workstation that access the server.

73) Describe networking.

Networking refers to the inter connection between computers and peripherals for data
communication. Networking can be done using wired cabling or through wireless link.

74) When you move the NIC cards from one PC to another PC, does the MAC
address gets transferred as well?

Yes, that’s because MAC addresses are hard­wired into the NIC circuitry, not the PC. This also

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means that a PC can have a different MAC address when the NIC card was replace by another
one.

75) Define clustering support

Clustering support refers to the ability of a network operating system to connect multiple
servers in a fault­tolerant group. The main purpose of this is the in the event that one server
fails, all processing will continue on with the next server in the cluster.

76) In a network that contains two servers and twenty workstations, where is the
best place to install an Anti­virus program?

An anti­virus program must be installed on all servers and workstations to ensure protection.
That’s because individual users can access any workstation and introduce a computer virus
when plugging in their removable hard drives or flash drives.

77) Describe Ethernet.

Ethernet is one of the popular networking technologies used these days. It was developed
during the early 1970s and is based on specifications as stated in the IEEE. Ethernet is used in
local area networks.

78) What are some drawbacks of implementing a ring topology?

In case one workstation on the network suffers a malfunction, it can bring down the entire
network. Another drawback is that when there are adjustments and reconfigurations needed to
be performed on a particular part of the network, the entire network has to be temporarily
brought down as well.

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79) What is the difference between CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA?

CSMA/CD, or Collision Detect, retransmits data frames whenever a collision occurred.

CSMA/CA, or Collision Avoidance, will first broadcast intent to send prior to data
transmission.

80) What is SMTP?

SMTP is short for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This protocol deals with all Internal mail, and
provides the necessary mail delivery services on the TCP/IP protocol stack.

81) What is multicast routing?

Multicast routing is a targeted form of broadcasting that sends message to a selected group of
user, instead of sending it to all users on a subnet.

82) What is the importance of Encryption on a network?

Encryption is the process of translating information into a code that is unreadable by the user.
It is then translated back or decrypted back to its normal readable format using a secret key or
password. Encryption help ensure that information that is intercepted halfway would remain
unreadable because the user has to have the correct password or key for it.

83) How are IP addresses arranged and displayed?

IP addresses are displayed as a series of four decimal numbers that are separated by period or
dots. Another term for this arrangement is the dotted decimal format. An example is
[Link]

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84) Explain the importance of authentication.

Authentication is the process of verifying a user’s credentials before he can log into the
network. It is normally performed using a username and password. This provides a secure
means of limiting the access from unwanted intruders on the network.

85) What do mean by tunnel mode?

This is a mode of data exchange wherein two communicating computers do not use IPSec
themselves. Instead, the gateway that is connecting their LANs to the transit network creates a
virtual tunnel that uses the IPSec protocol to secure all communication that passes through it.

86) What are the different technologies involved in establishing WAN links?

Analog connections – using conventional telephone lines; Digital connections – using digital­
grade telephone lines; switched connections – using multiple sets of links between sender and
receiver to move data.

87) What is one advantage of mesh topology?

In the event that one link fails, there will always be another available. Mesh topology is actually
one of the most fault­tolerant network topology.

88) When troubleshooting computer network problems, what common

hardware­related problems can occur?

A large percentage of a network is made up of hardware. Problems in these areas can range
from malfunctioning hard drives, broken NICs and even hardware startups. Incorrectly

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hardware configuration is also one of those culprits to look into.

89) What can be done to fix signal attenuation problems?

A common way of dealing with such a problem is to use repeaters and hub, because it will help
regenerate the signal and therefore prevent signal loss. Checking if cables are properly
terminated is also a must.

90) How does dynamic host configuration protocol aid in network

administration?

Instead of having to visit each client computer to configure a static IP address, the network
administrator can apply dynamic host configuration protocol to create a pool of IP addresses
known as scopes that can be dynamically assigned to clients.

91) Explain profile in terms of networking concept?

Profiles are the configuration settings made for each user. A profile may be created that puts a
user in a group, for example.

92) What is sneakernet?

Sneakernet is believed to be the earliest form of networking wherein data is physically

transported using removable media, such as disk, tapes.

93) What is the role of IEEE in computer networking?

IEEE, or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, is an organization composed of

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engineers that issues and manages standards for electrical and electronic devices. This includes
networking devices, network interfaces, cablings and connectors.

94) What protocols fall under the TCP/IP Internet Layer?

There are 4 protocols that are being managed by this layer. These are ICMP, IGMP, IP and
ARP.

95) When it comes to networking, what are rights?

Rights refer to the authorized permission to perform specific actions on the network. Each user
on the network can be assigned individual rights, depending on what must be allowed for that
user.

96) What is one basic requirement for establishing VLANs?

A VLAN is required because at switch level there is only one broadcast domain, it means
whenever new user is connected to switch this information is spread throughout the network.
VLAN on switch helps to create separate broadcast domain at switch level. It is used for
security purpose.

97) What is IPv6?

IPv6 , or Internet Protocol version 6, was developed to replace IPv4. At present, IPv4 is being
used to control internet traffic, butis expected to get saturated in the near future. IPv6 was
designed to overcome this limitation.

98) What is RSA algorithm?

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RSA is short for Rivest­Shamir­Adleman algorithm. It is the most commonly used public key
encryption algorithm in use today.

99) What is mesh topology?

Mesh topology is a setup wherein each device is connected directly to every other device on the
network. Consequently, it requires that each device have at least two network connections.

100) what is the maximum segment length of a 100Base­FX network?

The maximum allowable length for a network segment using 100Base­FX is 412 meters. The
maximum length for the entire network is 5 kilometers.

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