SOLUTIONS MATHEMATICS

1. (a)

2. (a): A dice rolled four times and taken out comes four times which is not less than 2 and not
more than 5 .
If single role comes are 2,3,4 and 5 there number is 4 and all possible outcomes are 6
4 2
∴ 𝑃= =
6 3
Since the dice is rolled four times and each results are independent.
∴ Required probability = = .

3. (c): We know that 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

= 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴𝐵) and 𝑃(𝐴‾) + 𝑃(𝐵‾)
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) + 1 − 𝑃(𝐵) = 2 − [𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)]
= 2 − [𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴𝐵)]
= 2 − [0.6 + 0.2] = 2 − 0.8 = 1.2

4. (a) : Given 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.25,

𝑃(𝐵) = 0.50, 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.14
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 0.25 + 0.50 − 0.14 = 0.61
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 1 − 0.61 = 0.39

5. (214) : Let |𝑀(𝑘)| = Number of multiples of 𝑘 in the given set. Then

|𝑀(3)| = = 666;
2000
|𝑀(7)| = = 285
7
|𝑀(21)| = = 95
The probability,
666 + 285 − 95 856 214
𝑝= = =
2000 2000 500
Thus, 500𝑝 = 214

6. (b) : 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐸 ∪ 𝐸 ) = 𝑃(𝐸 )

 +𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸 )
[∵ 𝐸 , 𝐸 and 𝐸 are mutually
exclusive events]
2 + 3𝑝 2 − 𝑝 1 − 𝑝 26 − 3𝑝
= + + =
6 8 2 24
𝑃(𝐸 ) = , 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = and 𝑃(𝐸 ) = and 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐸 ∪ 𝐸 ) all should lie between 0
and 1,accordingly ,find the range of p

7. P(exactly one of A ,B occurs) =P(A)+P(B) -2𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)=1-k

P(exactly one of C ,B occurs) =P(C)+P(B) -2𝑃(𝐶 ∩ 𝐵)=1-2k
P(exactly one of A ,C occurs) =P(A)+P(C) -2𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)=1-k
2P( A ,B,C all occur) =2𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)=2k
Adding all we get
1 − 𝑘 + 1 − 2𝑘 + 1 − 𝑘
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = +𝑘
2
−4𝑘 + 3 2𝑘 − 4𝑘 + 3
= +𝑘 =
2 2
2(𝑘 − 1) + 1 1
= = (𝑘 − 1) +
2 2
1
∴ 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) >
2

8. (a): Let 𝐶 and 𝑆 represents the set of students who opted for NCC and NSS respectively.
∴ 𝑛(𝐶) = 40, 𝑛(𝑆) = 30, 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝑆) = 20
Now, 𝑛(𝐶 ∪ 𝑆) = 40 + 30 − 20 = 50
So, number of students who has opted neither for NCC nor for NSS are 60 − 30 = 10 So,
𝑃( Neither 𝐶 nor 𝑆) = =

9. (b, c): Given 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑚, 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑝 and 𝑃(𝐶) = 𝑐,

3
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 0.75 =
4
3
⇒ 1 − 𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) =
4
3
⇒ 1 − 𝑃(𝐴‾ ∩ 𝐵‾ ∩ 𝐶‾ ) =
4
As 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are independent
 3
⇒ 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 )𝑃(𝐵 )𝑃(𝐶 ) =
4
1
∴ (1 − 𝑚)(1 − 𝑝)(1 − 𝑐) =
4
Probability of passing only two subjects is 𝑚𝑝(1 − 𝑐) + 𝑝𝑐(1 − 𝑚) + 𝑚𝑐(1 − 𝑝) = 0.4 =

Probability of passing atleast two subjects is 𝑚𝑝(1 − 𝑐) + 𝑝𝑐(1 − 𝑚) + 𝑚𝑐(1 − 𝑝)

+𝑚𝑐𝑝 = 0.5 =
Solving, 𝑚𝑐𝑝 = − = and 𝑝 + 𝑚 + 𝑐 = .

10. (0.80) : Let 𝐴 denotes the persons having symptom of fever.

𝐵 denotes the persons having symptom of cough

𝐶 denotes the persons having symptom of
breathing problem.
Given 𝑛(𝐴) = 190, 𝑛(𝐵) = 220, 𝑛(𝐶) = 220,
𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 330, 𝑛(𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)
= 350, 𝑛(𝐶 ∪ 𝐴) = 340
𝑛(𝑆) = 900 , 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 30 and
We have 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 190 + 220 − 330 = 80
Similarly, 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 90 and 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐴) = 70
∴ 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵)
+𝑛(𝐶) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
−𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
= 190 + 220 + 220 − (80 + 90 + 70) + 30 = 420
So, 𝑛((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) ) = 𝑛(𝑆) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)
= 900 − 420 = 480
Thus, required probability
70 + 80 + 90 + 480 720 4
= = =
900 900 5
11. (a) : let 𝐸 be the event that all children are girls and 𝐹 be the event that at least two children
are girls.
∴ Number of ways of having all girls
(G GG G) = 𝐶 =1
Number of ways of having 3 girls and 1 boy
(G G G B) = 𝐶 =4
Number of ways of having 2 girls and 2 bops (𝐺𝐺𝐵𝐵) = 𝐶 =6
∴ Required probability
𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) 1 1
= = =
𝑃(𝐹) 1 + 4 + 6 11

12. (b) : We have, 𝑃(𝐴) =

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) =
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ) = 𝑃((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) )
3 17
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1 − =
20 20
Now, 𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ) = 𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 𝐴 − ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ) = 𝐴 − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
2 3 1
∴ 𝑃(𝐴 − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)) = − =
5 20 4
( ( ∩ ))
∴ 𝑃 𝐴 ∣ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ) = ( )
= =
∪

13.
(d) : Total cases when 𝑎 + 𝑏 > 𝑐
a b c
1 2 1
∴ Required probability = .

14. 𝑃(𝐴) = Probability that 𝐴 will hit 𝐵

𝑃(𝐵) = Probability that 𝐵 will hit 𝐴
𝑃(𝐶) = Probability that 𝐶 will hit 𝐴
𝑃(𝐸) = Probability that 𝐴 will be hit
Then 𝑃(𝐸) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐵‾ ∩ 𝐶‾ )
 1 2 2
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐵‾) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐶‾ ) = 1 − ⋅ =
2 3 3
1 2
𝐵 ∩ 𝐶‾ 𝑃(𝐵) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐶‾ ) 2 ⋅ 3 1
𝑃 = = =
𝐸 𝑃(𝐸) 2 2

15. (a) : Required probability

2 3 1
= × =
3 4 8

16. (6) : Let 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 be the probabilities of 𝐸 , 𝐸 and 𝐸 . Then

𝑥(1 − 𝑦)(1 − 𝑧) = 𝛼; 𝑦(1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑧) = 𝛽;
𝑧(1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑦) = 𝛾
Also, (1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑦)(1 − 𝑧) = 𝑝
On dividing, we get,
= . ∴𝑥= etc.
𝛼 𝑝
𝑃(𝐸 ) 𝛼 + 𝑝 1 + 𝛾
= 𝛾 = 𝑝
𝑃 (𝐸 ) 1 +
𝛾+𝑝 𝛼
Again, (𝛼 − 2𝛽)𝑝 = 𝛼𝛽; (𝛽 − 3𝛾)𝑝 = 2𝛽𝛾
We have 𝛼𝑝 = 𝛽(𝛼 + 2𝑝)
and 3𝛾𝑝 = 𝛽(𝑝 − 2𝛾)
From above, =
𝛼 + 2𝑝 𝑝 − 2𝛾 2𝑝 𝑝 2
⇒ = ⇒1+ = −
𝛼 3𝛾 𝛼 3𝛾 3
5 𝑝 2𝑝 𝑝 6𝑝
⇒ = − ⇒5= −
3 3𝛾 𝛼 𝛾 𝛼
𝑝
𝑝 𝑝 1+
𝛾
⇒ 6 1+ =1+ ∴ 𝑝=6
𝛼 𝛾 1+
𝛼
17. (a)

18. ( a, b) : 𝑃(𝑋 ∣ 𝑌) =
𝑃(𝑋 ∩ 𝑌) 1 2 1
⇒ = ⇒ 𝑃(𝑋) = =
𝑃(𝑋) 2 6 3
 ( ∩ )
Also = ⇒ 𝑃(𝑌) = =
( )
𝑃(𝑋 ∪ 𝑌) = 𝑃(𝑋) + 𝑃(𝑌) − 𝑃(𝑋 ∩ 𝑌)
1 1 1 1 1 4 2
= + − = + = =
2 3 6 2 6 6 3
𝑃(𝑋)𝑃(𝑌) = ⋅ . Also 𝑃(𝑋 ∩ 𝑌) =
As 𝑃(𝑋 ∩ 𝑌) = 𝑃(𝑋)𝑃(𝑌), so 𝑋 and 𝑌 are independent.

19. (b) : Probability that only two tests are needed =P( the first machine tested is faulty) ×P( the
second machine tested is faulty given the first machine tested is faulty) +P( the first machine
tested is non faulty) ×P( the second machine tested is non faulty given the first machine
tested is non faulty)= 2/4 × 1/3 × 2 = 1/3

20. (a, d) : For two independent events 𝐸 and 𝐹

𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐹)
Given 𝑃(𝐸) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐹) =
and 𝑃(𝐸 ) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐹 ) =
Since 𝐸 and 𝐹 are independent
By definition, 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 ) = 𝑃(𝐸 )𝑃(𝐹 )
1
⇒ 1 − 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) =
2
1
since 𝑃(𝐸 ) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐹 ) =
2
1
⇒1 − [𝑃(𝐸) + 𝑃(𝐹) − 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹)] =
2
1 1
⇒1 − 𝑃(𝐸) − 𝑃(𝐹) + =
12 2
7
⇒𝑃(𝐸) + 𝑃(𝐹) =
12
From equation (i) and (ii) we have
𝑃(𝐸) = , 𝑃(𝐹) = or 𝑃(𝐸) = , 𝑃(𝐹) =

21. (a) With in any of the group the probability of winning 𝑆 = 1/2
Probability that 𝑆 is among the eight winner = 1/2
(b) Let 𝑃 = Probability that 𝑆 and 𝑆 are in the same
! !
group = / =
⋅ ! !
 𝑃 = Probability that 𝑆 and 𝑆 are in the different group =
𝑃 = Probability that out of 𝑆 and 𝑆 exactly one wins
1 14 1 1 1 1
𝑃= + × + ×
15 15 2 2 2 2
1 7 8
= + =
15 15 15

22. (c)

27. (8) : Sum = prime i.e., 2, 3, 5, 7, 11

1 2
𝑃(𝑆 = 2) = ; 𝑃(𝑆 = 3) =
36 36
4 6
𝑃(𝑆 = 5) = ; 𝑃(𝑆 = 7) =
36 36
2
𝑃(𝑆 = 11) =
36
Similarly, sum = perfect square i.e., 4, 9
3 4
𝑃(𝑆 = 4) = ; 𝑃(𝑆 = 9) =
36 36
𝑃(𝑆 = prime ) = = =𝑞
𝑃(𝑆 = perfect square ) = = =𝑡
𝑃(𝑆 = neither square nor prime )
7 15 14
= 1− − = =𝑠
36 36 36
𝑃(𝑆 = odd perfect square i.e., 9) = = 𝑟
Now, 𝑃 (sum is perfect square before sum is a prime) = 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠 𝑡 + ⋯ = 𝑡(1 + 𝑠 + 𝑠 +
⋯)
𝑃 (sum is odd perfect square before prime)
= 𝑟 + 𝑠𝑟 + 𝑠 𝑟 + ⋯ = 𝑟(1 + 𝑠 + 𝑠 + ⋯ )
sum is odd perfect square
∴𝑃
sum is perfect square before prime
𝑟(1 + 𝑠 + 𝑠 + ⋯ ) 𝑟 4/36 4
⇒𝑝= = = =
𝑡(1 + 𝑠 + 𝑠 + ⋯ ) 𝑡 7/36 7
∴ 14𝑝 = 8
28. D