M2 MODEL EXAMINATION 2024 - 25
CLASS X - SCIENCE
Time Allowed: 3hrs Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
i. All questions would be compulsory. However, an internal choice of approximately
33% would be provided. 50% marks are to be allotted to competency - based
questions.
ii. Section A would have 16 simple/complex MCQs and 04 Assertion - Reasoning
type questions carrying 1 mark each.
iii. Section B would have 6 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 02 marks
each.
iv. Section C would have 7 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 03 marks
each.
v. Section D would have 3 Long Answer (LA) type questions carrying 05 marks
each.
vi. Section E would have 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated
units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub - parts of the values of 1/2/3
marks.
Section A
1 When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a blue solution of copper 1
sulphate, a black precipitate of copper sulphide is obtained and the sulphuric
acid so formed remains in the solution. The reaction is an example of a:
a) Decomposition reaction b) Displacement reaction
c) Double displacement reaction d) Combination reaction
2 The change in colour of the moist litmus paper in the given set up is due to: 1
(I) presence of acid
(II) presence of base
(III) presence of H(aq) in the solution
(IV) presence of litmus which acts as an indicator
a) Only (IV) b) Only (II) c) Only (III) d) (I) and (II)
1
3 It is important to balance the chemical equations to satisfy the law of 1
conservation of mass. Which of the following statements of the law is incorrect?
a) Mass can neither be created nor can it be destroyed in a chemical reaction.
b) Total mass of the elements present in the reactants is equal to the total
mass of the elements presents in the products.
c) The number of atoms of each element remains the same, before and after a
chemical reaction.
d) The chemical composition of the reactants is the same before and after the
reaction.
4 A scientist in a chemistry lab wants to make salt of pH 5.5 using acid and base. 1
The table shows the acid and base present in the lab..
1 HCl
2 NaOH
3 H2CO3
4 NH4OH
5 CH3COOH
Which of the acid and base he should use for the reaction?
a) HCl and NH4 OH b) CH3 COOH and NaOH
c) HCl and NaOH d) H2 CO3 and NaOH
5 Lists the process which explains how pure metals are obtained from impure 1
samples by electrolytic refining.
(I) Keep impure metal at anode and pure metal at cathode
(II) Pass current in the electrolytic solution
(III) Insoluble impurities settle in the bottom of the anode as anode mud
(IV) Pure metal from anode dissolves in the solution and pure metal from
solution deposits on the cathode You can also refer to the figure for
arranging the steps.
Which option is correct for the arrangement of these steps in the appropriate
order?
a) (I), (III), (IV), (II) b) (I), (IV), (III), (II)
c) (I), (II), (IV), (III) d) (I), (II), (III), (IV)
2
6 The following observations were made by a student on treating four metals P, 1
Q, R and S with a given salt solution.
Based on the above observations, the correct order of increasing reactivity will
be
a) P > Q > R > S b) Q > P > S > R
c) S > Q > P > R d) Q > P > R > S
7 While studying the saponification reaction, what do you observe when you mix 1
an equal amount of colourless vegetable oil and 20% aqueous solution of
NaOH in a beak?
a) The colour of the mixture has become dark brown.
b) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot.
c) A brisk effervescence is taking place in the beaker.
d) The outer surface of the beaker has become cold.
8 The image shows the structure of a nephron. 1
Nephron is a unit of filtration in kidneys that filters waste material. It selectively
reabsorbs or excretes water with the help of capillaries that surround it. What is
the likely benefit of this?
a) It helps keep the output of urine constant throughout the day.
b) It makes the process of filtration at Bowman’s capsule easier.
c) It helps to uptake and store excess amount of water in the body for later use
d) It maintains the concentration of urine based on the amount of water present
in the body
3
9 Which option correctly shows the order of events when a bright light is focused 1
on our eyes?
a) Bright light→ receptors in eyes→ spinal cord→ motor neurons→ sensory
neuron → eyelid closes
b) Bright light→ receptors in eyes→ sensory neuron→ spinal cord→ motor
neurons→ eyelid closes
c) Bright light→ receptors in eyes→ sensory neuron→ motor neurons→
spinal cord→ eyelid closes
d) Bright light → receptors in eyes→ spinal cord→ sensory neuron→ motor
neurons→ eyelid closes
10 Match the following: 1
a) (a) - (i),(b) - (iv),(c) - (ii),(d) - (iii) b) (a) - (iii),(b) - (ii),(c) - (iv),(d) - (i)
c) (a) - (iv),(b) - (iii),(c) - (ii),(d) - (i) d) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii),(d) - (iv)
11 Two individuals are as shown using geometric shapes. 1
Their sex chromosomes are respectively denoted by Xf Xm, and Y. What are
the possible combinations of sex chromosomes for their male and female
offspring respectively?
a) X𝑚 Y and X 𝑚 X 𝑓 b) XmY and XmXm
c) X𝑓 X 𝑚 and X 𝑚 X 𝑚 d) X𝑓 Y and X 𝑚 Y
12 Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RRyy) and another with wrinkled 1
yellow (rrYY) seeds produce F1 progeny that have round yellow (RrYy) seeds.
When F1 plants are self pollinated, the F2 progeny will have new combination
of characters. Choose the new combination from the following
(i) Round, yellow
(ii) Round, green
(iii) Wrinkled, yellow
(iv) Wrinkled, green
a) (i) and (iii) b) (ii) and (iii) c) (i) and (ii) d) (i) and (iv)
13 A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. She finds the image of her head 1
bigger, the middle portion of her body of the same size and that of the legs
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smaller. The following is the order of combinations for the magic mirror from the
top.
a) Convex, concave and plane b) Convex, plane and concave
c) Plane, convex and concave d) Concave, plane and convex
14 A student studies that when a ray of light travels from air into the glass slab, the 1
ray of light bends towards the normal. But as refracted ray emerges out of the
glass slab to the vacuum, it bends away from the normal, as shown.
Which option explains the law of refraction of light through the glass slab?
a) ray of light travelling in the air is always considered as the incident ray,
and the one in the glass is the refracted ray
b) ray of light always travels in a straight path irrespective of change in
medium.
c) the incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the interface always
lie on the same plane
d) light always bends towards the normal in a glass slab
15 The slope of voltage (V) versus current (I) is called 1
a) Resistance b) Conductance c) Resistivity d) Conductivity
16 As per Michael Faraday, the forefinger, middle finger and thumb indicate the 1
direction of:
a) magnetic field, current and force respectively.
b) magnetic field, force and current respectively.
c) force,magnetic field and current respectively.
d) current, force and magnetic field respectively.
Question No.17 to 20 consist of two statements- Assertion (A) and
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to the question from code (a),(b),(c)
and (d) as given below
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
5
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
17 Assertion (A) : The connecting wires are made of copper. 1
Reason (R) : The electrical conductivity of copper is high.
18 Assertion (A) : The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more 1
important during daytime.
Reason (R) : Transpiration pull is the major driving force in movement of water
during the day.
19 Assertion (A) : Adrenaline is called the emergency hormone. 1
Reason (R) : It prepares the body to fight away the emergency situation.
20 Assertion (A) : In a series circuit, the current is constant throughout the electric 1
circuit.
Reason (R) : All electric devices need equal currents to operate properly.
Section B
21 When electricity is passed through a common salt solution, sodium hydroxide is 2
produced along with the liberation of two gases ‘X’ and Y. The gas ‘X’ burns
with a pop sound whereas Y is used for disinfecting drinking water.
a. Identify X and Y.
b. Give the chemical equation for the reaction stated above.
22 In human beings, hormonal action is largely controlled by a mechanism where 2
the secretion of one hormone is regulated by the action of [Link] example
of blood glucose levels control is shown in the diagram below.
a) What is the mechanism of hormone action known as?
b) Which is the sensor X that helps in detecting blood glucose level?
c) What would happen if such mechanism is absent in humans?
23 Raghav was watching Nia and made the following observation: Nia was 2
practicing boxing. As her opponent swung an arm, Nia ducked down and
retaliated with a punch.
a) Raghav said that ducking down is a reflex action. Is he correct? Justify.
b) Explain the nervous process involved in Nia’s retaliation with a punch.
24 List the seven pairs of contrasting characters of experimental plant studied by 2
Mendel.
6
25 a) Name the poles P, Q, R and S of the magnets in the following figures ‘a’ 2
and ‘b’:
b) State the inference drawn about the direction of the magnetic field lines on
the basis of these diagrams.
OR
The figure shows two magnets X and Y kept near each other. Their poles are
not marked, but the magnetic field lines are shown in the figure
If magnet X is moved towards magnet Y as indicated by the arrow, will the two
magnets attract or repel each other? Justify your answer by describing how you
interpret the field lines
26 i. From the following group of organisms create a food chain which is the 2
most advantageous for Human beings in terms of energy.
ii. State the possible disadvantage if the cereal plant is growing in soil rich
in pesticides.
Section C
27 a) Classify the following reactions into different types: 3
𝑖) 𝐴𝑔𝑁𝑂3(𝑎𝑞) + 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞) → 𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙(𝑠) + 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3(𝑎𝑞)
ii) 𝐶𝑎𝑂(𝑠) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙) → 𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻)2(𝑎𝑞)
∆
iii) 2KCl𝑂3(𝑠) → 2𝐾𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞) + 3𝑂2(𝑔)
c) Which of the above reaction(s) is/are precipitation reaction(s)? Why is a
reaction called precipitation reaction?
7
28 A group of a students looked at different metals and metal sulphate solutions 3
given is a tabular form. From the data, answer the following:
i. Which metal reacts with all other sulphate solutions?
ii. Which metal did not react with any other metal sulphate solution?
iii. Arrange the metals in decreasing order of reactivity.
OR
State reasons for the following:
a) Electric wires are covered with rubber like material.
b) From dilute hydrochloric acid, zinc can liberate hydrogen gas but copper
cannot.
c) Sulphide ore of a metal is first converted to its oxide to extract the metal
from it.
29 In the first activity, a student Rudra took some freshly prepared lime water in 3
two test tubes marked A and B. He blew air through the lime water in test tube
A. He then used a syringe or pichkari and passed air through the fresh lime
water in test tube B.
In the second activity, another student Siya took some fruit juice or sugar
solution and added some yeast to this. She took this mixture in a test tube fitted
with a one - holed cork and fitted the cork with a bent glass tube. She dipped
the free end of the glass tube into a test tube containing freshly prepared lime
water.
8
a) In the first activity, what were the observations made by Rudra? What
can be interpreted from his observations?
b) Siya performed the second activity by taking yeast powder and fruit juice,
she observed that lime water turned milky after few hours.
i) What does this activity suggest to you?
ii) What are the products formed during this activity?
30 Manju has two convex lenses P and Q made of the same material as shown in 3
the figure.
She is looking at printed text on a page using lens P. She notices that when she
slowly takes the lens away from the page, the text turns upside down when the
lens crosses a distance of 10 cm from the page.
a) Which characteristic of lens P does the distance 10 cm signify?
b) If manju does the same with lens Q, at what distance will the inversion of
the image happen – less than, equal to, or more than 10 cm? Justify
your answer.
31 An autorefractor, which is used to automatically measure the refractive errors in 3
a person’s eye, makes use of the Scheiner principle explained below.
Parallel rays of light from a distant object are limited to two parallel bundles of
light using a disc with two pinholes. For an eye with no refractive error, the rays
would be focused on the retina, where only one spot can be observed.
a) For a myopic eye, how many spots will be observed on the retina?
b) Draw a diagram showing how the light rays fall on the retina of a myopic
eye?
c) What could be the reason for the observation?
OR
i) A person is suffering from both myopia and hypermetropia.
a) What kind of lenses can correct this defect?
b) How are these lenses prepared?
ii) A person needs a lens of power +3D for correcting his near vision and –3D
for correcting his distant vision. Calculate the focal length of the lenses
required to correct these defects.
9
32 (i) Why is an alternating current (A.C.) considered to be advantageous 3
over direct current (D.C.) for the long distance transmission of electric
power?
(ii) How is the type of current used in household supply different from
the one given by a battery of dry cells?
(iii) How does an electric fuse prevent the electric circuit and the
appliances from a possible damage due to short circuiting or
overloading?
33 Insecticides are used in crop fields to kill any current or recurring infections. In a 3
crop field an insecticide is sprayed to kill the caterpillars. A food web involving
caterpillar is given below.
Identify the organism from the food web which will have the highest level of
insecticide accumulated in it after some time.
Section D
34 A neutral organic compound X (Molecular formula C2 H 6 O) on reacting with 5
acidified K2Cr2O7 gives an organic compound Y which is acidic in nature.
X reacts with Y on warming in the presence of conc. H2SO4 to give a sweet
smelling compound Z.
i. Identify X, Y and Z.
ii. Write the chemical equations for the reactions in the conversion of
(a) X to Y and (b) X to Z.
iii. State the role of (a) acidified K2 Cr2O7 in the conversion of X to Y and
(b) conc. H2SO4 in the reaction of X and Y.
iv. Name the reaction which occurs when Z reacts with an alkali.
OR
Ethanol C2H5OH is heated with alkaline potassium permanganate to give a
compound X.
a) How many carbon atoms will compound X contain?
b) Compound X is now reacted with ethanol in the presence of an acid
catalyst to give a compound Y.
10
i) Name the type of compound formed in the above reaction with
respect to the functional group it contains.
ii) State one characteristic property of compounds of the type of
compound Y
iii) State one use of compounds of this type.
c) What would be the products formed when ethanol undergoes complete
combustion? Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.
35 Vasectomy is a method of contraception in males where the vasa efferentia is 5
tied or sealed so as to prevent sperm from entering the urethra. The diagram
below represents the human female reproductive system with some of its parts
marked P, Q, R, S, T.
a) Identify the labelled part that will be operated on for ’tubectomy’ in
females. State its function.
b) Kavya says that if part R is removed the female would not be able to
produce eggs. Is she correct? Justify.
c) Justify the statement: “The use of contraceptive methods has a
direct effect on the health and prosperity of a family.”
OR
The diagram shows modes of asexual reproduction in animals.
Using the above diagram, answer the following questions:
i. Name one organism each which reproduces by binary fission and
multiple fission.
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ii. What is the difference between binary fission and multiple fission?
iii. How Planaria reproduces?
iv. In which reproductive method an organism produces an outgrowth on its
body surface?
v. How Rhizopus reproduces under suitable conditions?
36 a) Define electric power. Express it in terms of potential difference V and 5
resistance R.
b) An electrical fuse is rated at 2A. What is meant by this statement?
c) An electric iron of 1 kW is operated at 220 V. Find which of the following
fuses that respectively rated at 1 A, 3 A and 5 A can be used in it.
Section E
37 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: 4
Compounds containing oxygen are of great interest in the field of chemistry.
Because of oxygen’s high reactivity, it is most often found in compounds.
Oxygen reacts rapidly with group 1 elements. All alkali metal oxides form basic
solutions when dissolved in water. The principal combustion product is the most
stable product with respect to the reactants. For example, with careful control of
oxygen, the oxide M2O (where M represents any alkali metal) can be formed
with any of the alkali metals. When a metal reacts with oxygen to form a metal
oxide, a redox reaction occurs.
Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
Different metals burn in oxygen with different rates depending on their differing
activeness. The more reactive metal towards oxygen, the brighter and faster
the combustion of the metal. Given figure below shows the experiment is
conducted to build the reactivity series of metals. Oxygen that is used in
combustion of other metals is provided by heating solid potassium manganate
(VII). When heated, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium ignite
through combustion reactions with oxygen.
a) Which metals do not react with oxygen even at high temperature?
b) What happens when copper metal is heated in air?
12
c) Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides.
Is this statement true?
OR
c) Which metal oxides are soluble in water? Explain.
38 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: 4
Refer to the schematic representation of albinism which is an inherited
condition caused by a recessive allele (a). ‘A’ is the dominant allele for the
normal condition. The inheritance of certain genetic traits for two or more
generations is represented in a pedigree or family tree. Study the given
pedigree chart and answer the following questions.
i. What could be the genotypes of X and Y?
ii. What could be the genotype of generation - 1 male and female?
iii. If X married an albino female, then what is the probability that their
children would be albino?
OR
If Y married a normal homozygous male, then what is the probability that
their children would be albino?
39 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: 4
Hold a concave mirror in your hand and direct its reflecting surface towards the
sun. Direct the light reflected by the mirror on to a white card - board held close
to the mirror. Move the card - board back and forth gradually until you find a
bright, sharp spot of light on the board. This spot of light is the image of the sun
on the sheet of paper; which is also termed as Principal Focus of the concave
mirror.
13
i. List two applications of concave mirror.
ii. If the distance between the mirror and the principal focus is 15 cm, find
the radius of curvature of the mirror.
iii. Draw a ray diagram to show the type of image formed when an object is
placed between pole and focus of a concave mirror.
OR
An object 10 cm in size is placed at 100 cm in front of a concave mirror.
If its image is formed at the same point where the object is located, find:
a. focal length of the mirror, and
b. magnification of the image formed with sign as per Cartesian sign
convention.
14