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Fluid Mechanics Concepts Explained

The document provides definitions and principles related to fluid mechanics, including key concepts such as fluid, density, pressure, buoyancy, and viscosity. It explains various laws and equations, such as Pascal's Law, Archimedes's Law, and the Bernoulli Equation, which describe the behavior of fluids in motion and at rest. Additionally, it distinguishes between steady (laminar) and turbulent flow, as well as introduces tools like barometers and manometers for measuring fluid pressure.

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11 views2 pages

Fluid Mechanics Concepts Explained

The document provides definitions and principles related to fluid mechanics, including key concepts such as fluid, density, pressure, buoyancy, and viscosity. It explains various laws and equations, such as Pascal's Law, Archimedes's Law, and the Bernoulli Equation, which describe the behavior of fluids in motion and at rest. Additionally, it distinguishes between steady (laminar) and turbulent flow, as well as introduces tools like barometers and manometers for measuring fluid pressure.

Uploaded by

janaalaa058
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Fluids defini�ons

Fluid Mechanics - The Science that deals with the behavior of the fluid at rest or in
mo�on and the interac�on of fluids with solids or other fluids at
boundaries.

Fluid - Substances that can flow & have no definite shape.


- A collec�on of molecules that are randomly arranged and held
together by weak cohesive forces.

Density - The ra�o of mass of fluid to its volume.


Rela�ve Density - The ra�o between the density of the material to the density of
water at the same temperature.

Pressure - The Normal force per unit area.


The Pressure of - The Normal force exerted by the fluid per unit area.
the Fluid
Barometer - A device that measures the pressure of the atmosphere.
One - The pressure equivalent of a column of mercury that is exactly
Atmospheric 0.760m = 760mm in height at 0°C.
Pressure

Open-tube - A device for measuring the pressure in an enclosed fluid, which


Manometer consists of U-Shaped tube. One end of the U-Shaped tube
containing a liquid is open to the atmosphere & the other end is
connected to a container of gas at pressure (P).

Pascal’s Law - States that: “The change in the pressure applied to an enclosed
non-compressible fluid is transmited undiminished to every point
of the fluid and to the walls of the container.”

Buoyancy - When a body is less dense than the fluid, it floats.

Buoyant Force - The upward force exerted by a fluid on any immersed object in it.

Archimedes’s - States that: “A body fully or par�ally immersed in a fluid, is buoyed


Law up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the
body.”

Viscosity - The property of a fluid which offers resistance to the movement of


one layer of the fluid over another adjacent layer of fluid.

Coefficient of - The ra�o of the shearing stress to the rate of change of the shear
Viscosity strain.
Steady Flow - Highly ordered fluid mo�on, characterized by smooth layers of
(Laminar Flow) fluids & the paths of par�cles never cross each other.
(Regular Flow)

Turbulent Flow - Above a certain speed, the flow becomes disorder turbulent,
(Non-steady turbulent flow has eddies, the viscosity of the fluid is much greater
Flow) when eddies are present & the paths of par�cles cross each other.
(Irregular Flow)

Streamlines - It is imaginary lines that determine the path for each part of a
liquid during the steady flow inside the tube.

The Con�nuity - States that: “Since no fluid is being added or taken away so, the
equa�on amount of fluid at any two points must be equal.”

The Bernoulli - The Bernoulli equa�on is an approximate rela�on between


Equa�on pressure, velocity and eleva�on and is valid in regions of steady,
incompressible flow where net fric�onal forces are negligible.

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