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Microprocessor Unit 3 Notes

The document outlines the features and functionalities of a 40-pin microprocessor architecture, including its data bus, address bus, and execution unit. It describes the operational modes, memory addressing, and various registers used for data processing. Additionally, it details the bus interface unit and the control signals necessary for operation, emphasizing the microprocessor's ability to handle multiple programming and execution tasks efficiently.

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15 views58 pages

Microprocessor Unit 3 Notes

The document outlines the features and functionalities of a 40-pin microprocessor architecture, including its data bus, address bus, and execution unit. It describes the operational modes, memory addressing, and various registers used for data processing. Additionally, it details the bus interface unit and the control signals necessary for operation, emphasizing the microprocessor's ability to handle multiple programming and execution tasks efficiently.

Uploaded by

surajkjha02
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
UNIT- 4 Tred Boge te & Wendie sup 1 implemented ath Hog bechnetogy « x 40 pin duns th fara package « 4 2 Faabunes of S0sh sp 3 7 ¥ Hae [b-bie data busi, hence ab & Lone. Tt doesnt have tternal clock enveutt- wn sood ulkex 1b ov -¢ biG t-Hot do bie address Bee, te ape {Mb memory Qocotiens. x Has [be bik Io address, al. gm R36 H/o porte 9 X Performs bre, byker word operabiine % operates th Ewo modes, von madutmum anc PEER pootmum motes’ only oP eperaling patadien eegeor ped > maxt mes m mole em modes when more Pow one pro a _ Supports mnbteproqrornnaing- be Supports gollewnrg adldrossing mode Regier | ts Snook rough grdux , pndect bed dy j tegten % jamplacd + dose 1% a Ib-bie rrubrepouestos poe of decieron-makrig aud olhes prose eapablilii + chock frequncy % 5unz, 6 o"4 to divided onto 0 spel pult( Blu) and @ lo cnuer the onehikeduae fs chtonn coal unite © Bus Gnttrpact Exeeulion vvut (Ev) werk Girduttenconcly e@ spn Speed Form two Stage pipeline ‘ BUS INTERFACE UNIT 3 (BIL) #7 provides uot Lo- bre pedvaclonal dota bus amd go bik addrece bus- # performs am bus o pecaliens and vet [Link] x abr eabernal bug upese e | 4 cu addrose of memory oo h@ Funclicws encude + # ou entre ctisn from memory # writ date from prrt]mmemory x ce relocatin facieity « x Fuchs % Reade data from port memory | Aina t provides addre | AU wha. 4m | beocks Such anskuolion queur, Legment he pobkn pointer and bus ennbok bogies Tr . ¥ To Speed crabeaian exorutisn , Biv fetes b_tukuetisn bytes ahead of Kare from memory: & Ther bytes ae Yond t qreup of nog ties called gututt © y THe helpe gustan next tnsrructien when ° ewuunk srsbruclien ts gutta executed without semain ots wy dlr o x obeiates on E1eo basec - fn tase of MP & CALL unsluctions , pawns que dumped ane ee ° ¢ oon pbched posed on mew IMPE cate enchracHien & ° Festi of fuentg next gnstrucken Uohile crunk uerruction fa executing fa eatead pipelining 0) ExecuTION UNIT (ev) ¢ The EU Conbour complete Anfrachuctere naquiied te oud an sfarnclane éu fe reshonsbte for » coueston of att tashuctions ‘ providund adduese bo Biv for fetchuig data| enehraclan ®t Moxtputating VvoRLoUs noqbtou ar welt a1 {0g “noah tOr« Ev tonkauns | ¥ conhel_ wsuiby » Instn Deeeder, MO: ¥ preocts enternal operations % Decoded transtales furched unchruction from mennnd into Goctes 4 ashen ¥ Atv fe Io- ebake te performs au art Peas oferalins. tthmelie ® x Flag Register 3 4% Tradl pondition prodused by exeoulion * ia Snetmuclions Infessaplanate 6 13 20 a fe eee ol v lu lu Jor[orlie [re[er|zr[ v Jar] u ae ce aa, PR Bg a cid | nian Fa de * e ovenplau 4 b, rap 4aq: ove way to tl pagan fo to check | ow ushuelion ab & ae g checking Cee amounted at nach step. tne method wud’ " Ginile steppitg used for Swiqte repping Tho deel y ap & auto maltea tty execute vac eoth eniorce ® es 5 ot & used useth ving operalions wher sety aftet cath ursrructions @ Ze Couaes thy ai to auko decrement ox prow cc ° trom Aah Lo Lib. ¥ Ankvoupt Enabte Hoy 3) 3 Enables gob to recogninn external ainkesrupe Requests. when [r= 0 if au maskabte tnlernespl ore disabted . # carry Flag Cor) s Cary fe ae after axtthmetsé opevotian resua 4P carry out of MSB) oF boraow % Parity Fag (pF) > Ut te set If heute of byte oparten BK cveng no! of rire 4 puritan, emmy Flag (AD 5 cet Hf canny Fs out of tower to Aagher nibble of 0” eo bik quently Usually 46 Bed numbers « % wero ag (LF): gee whuever yuulk ob operation oa wero: x gan 4 a4 csr) 2° ‘ otve- mee & te It inducatcn Tole ‘ bur} iy ” arrithmetze | Loace eperaticn bo he “pnchibeobone of BORG WD as fpllews Inghuche queue The Regotey Amray » x goeb cpu has fourteen 1b-biE regbtere ag Shown cy above 4 q x They ane duvadled, popes sain degene P eure -putpone Fay nb Date Ragintor] General poane ang MIAX Register: 6 ® ¥ 80a has qe Ibe qeeet purpose Aeabers folded as AK, BX, Cx and D¥- Both th—bik qua punpese register con be Splat tate two g-bik registers HX Ay Speuipy comple [e-biE sagicter: BH meana 2 igher byte ord BL mun Lower -byE of BK aeotr- x ued yor Loiding datr, Vacabler and ddemedinle results Eemperaorily> Aino uted ag counters OF ctoreng on oypter adadsese. Thuy om also wed fr¥ sph anclibn os fottows: @ Axe te Lik qauumutakor - Stores te bik vowel ef twitoin ALU opesotatna . @ 7 g bik anumulaley - Stores ebay ree of Ulan AW opralions @ wx Ie bik Bost Rey Poids base value lo access memory data and abo ou oye Borage ob qowrning SL address ro Some 7” 7 aaareseira mode. Qu! bot count — Holds count Gola] ARE, Roto viswuchéns bi © *7 Ib bik Dota — Holds data 4p MUL | DIY opviokion. Dn S) hue, AX JAH | AL BX | BH | BL cx ew [ec] px | DH | DL Porno omd Index Regioter 2 (oes 3 ¥ Alt Seager Resiotens one fo tuk wider But ie recor Ao quant Qo Luk phaysecat addiorsD on addres bus x To ee do-bik address , One oy move porntin one amoulid coith degment neg hater — SP. BP Si > {+4 Dt et ok poste bs used ke pom b k top: For ingtruction vi(gp) | The 8 Atork pom oO (Lowtion un menu known os AEOe Quch cA Pus, POP; CALL, peTuen the Bor pour (ep) : Te proved gndieck accece bo Stack Raber , & Inshuchon pomten (IP) : Aho called progrom counters used for olutabion of aukital rummy adden of munrechon Your andl Inder putrotion Indux yaad 4er qual dota Corage ond Up Lo Store oppuek inwae Of anduxed ; DAS Clad and Ruane oadnassin modes: Bus wrottote Urdk ¢Cumed) 3 Qegmunke Regs Ors & tat oddress bh goa ts do-bit x He phy wtde to aetess 1 Mbyte imenmory Leeson: 4x Eoch Seqraan ocumps by kb enth The four veghres ax uaed Ae Anotd 4 semen pase addres : x AS naprosyn Localion, toviatn Logiot odd eh 1h buts ponds ue wee mum Segmentation « f For selection oy fer sey yO OL provesed by Blu pant nents 5, I~ bik as vay ° gosh. Tey ceontoun 3 (es) ured fev addreceng a memo ohne, program OAL © wot, Segroun nesters fowton in vod degnant oh mewn Srereds Hoe | 4 Dab degre Regbten (DD © tonsa of clan used by Program Aceescod | oun Obfiek addrose. * Souk seymunt gion (29° Handter memo | enecutions Store dala ond address ures # Ente ugment Begintey ( F) Strang fegment duitinatin olata. = BIL uuerte Xero ad Lowes 4 bite Mm contents of aegnent nogtatet to gunna clo-bit base acldrose. & held exhra pedueatid addvore = Bose addrece + opptet- opbset it Me Segue bose addy - XXXX H Segment: data addy XK XXxXO H CaO RAL gtk ° a) xzzzyY & pedunted aot AZZ Regt cya - gosh provides 4 Ib-bik veqdatiwn It dinulades quavial purpose , segmenl veqciten, posktey Inclexod a toy : and +4 regions. Abo Known & programmes, model gosh. Thy are oneotcibe 0 Usord. .? [Note 4 Explonaturn of cube “eq are que w gosb- archilaclure |. Bogb progranmg model § i h cnantin A oekotls unos reper Ref noks from Py eatted goal a model - KoR architecture » The ume] Space mei eontath an g-biE data on one byte oe ont coreeubve bytes MY contain Ib-bik data cml used 25 bik address to acces? . x Te 808 wp “ok queen about o = tnab address Spare, seed urbe HO banks o| cud Dower( even) b 51akb ecthe called ot upper ( 04d) bok « one bank b connevted to Lower hath of bowrk oly tb Bik dala but (Do-Di) amd eontaris 2ven padres bYos es Saar =, % Ib-bit data bus (De -Dig)& Contaus odd addroce byte # ny manny Povalien Gs Selected by address Lines Ay- Ala. Data oan be accessed 4rom money fn dabpuannt vans § x B-bit date from Even bank. abit data frm odd bank ; y Ipebit data cheng from" ven ado Ib- bit doe Hoating om odd addr: g bit dota prom Evin bank: To access Memny by from fen addr, oy drono4yrrmed over He Lower hou of dota pi). Ao =0, BHE =! nal only tven bagy _ odd bank Even ban HOOK bus [Do- ° Beek TH Ao-Ala Ddo-DiS B-Lik dota krom odd bank : To aceeee memory byte ~ Ingo dronaqeaud over digo hally of (De-Di5)- Ao= ti Bat = erating enty O44 an o E from edd bank, data bud % 442 eA K7 Aozl Do-Pt Po-A Do. crom even bouwk * Ip-bik dota 5 actest “Vata bowk wailh TO po for? pat -0- Ie bromyerr over both adasuss] ‘ - dole ju | De -D5) with Ddo-D4 4% even and DY paw due odd LOW vp bit dake from odd bank To attest and bank Ao=li ont -0> Info eyancqerred e euo cycles with ho cl, Beso au Sok we awk Ao -0, BRE= duong B eyue with oy 2VEN 4 yon byt 4 ot and “hgh by dare bes | edd Eyen re Geb pin dusert prions ¢ & A do pin DIP with external eleck x 8284 divide Lhe quuratid. our by trier and oukpwe on dock pir of gage The output Khan voraettud Ko 8086 olerk pints g % 9aG4 alio proved RESET & READY iqpo J Gosh © 24,25 § Qsoy Aol > provides totus of queue paen Janis vad by Crtomol devia be thaw the on Wauw o., aus mur A} eo uainol bY ° 0 No opuraten ° | Firede bye from optods | °o Empl Opa i | hewond bye of Quem j @ einer tn Boge, a th bit prowsser an work descsiption mini § 3 ae thimum mode oy Ur Maximum mode. The pe ° ww polls end ADI4 ADI ? a 3 Api2|t Ad [SF Als [65 ADIo |e Ago Ad |7 Bre] ¢ Ape |S a Apt | MN | Mo ADL RD ADB HOLD ADy,| HLDA nae wR, Lock aod 83, m] ZO ADo & york &, , DEN NMI Oy INTR Aso » ALE ak Get, NTA BeAy Ww! an? reset ¥ pn 1,80 $ IND r Grounded fo pin | oud doe es Fr ph ath 94 ® Ap-N5 _y Bidirectional tristole dures , work 1 dato Luise poth os addsess ond k pin 36-38 4 Man Ai] S6- $3 -% For addross and statut ay BPH, indeole Ae fp of opuation ranrmolion + The $C °o pew ot perferned «6 45-y Stotus off intense 4 t Cho bus master y ph ah s OWE] C4 <7 Bice 0 Judit aeete be hgh - ero mu" (AD1-ADo) + BHE © Ao Pogethuy decid howk (ADIB-ADg) Clot Low -ordwt Loirks Danks and type o¢ accesle my ¥ pina t RD—y Rend conhol Signal. RD=0) thin soo, ° x reeling data rom reumnend ov to devin « ye pik ga 5 READY > WoLE Stati seguir Sra. READY =, vont gpolis ae crovrted+ i eae ae o ° % pen ad 2 TEST 7 TELT = 0, gost goes an ube Stole. ¥ pen 18 3 INTR —-> evel -— Frigguad tntexsupt Signal « oS * pm 2 NMI —> Non-Maskabte Mevuupt — A tye edge ‘ouggpud Nm] wequest 9 ye pela 4 Lk ~y Chock Signal qrom exlvrnal crypGl psedhoxor + Raguitya 5 —loMHz Clock frequency: ¥ pint 5 Reset —y Resete procecsoy 3 flog Reg 5 Segment ea De, o¢ and ES axe Clered , C6 qos lo FFFFH * pin 40 2 Vee > thY Supply vateage » x pi 233 WN [aK —y MOVIN = 1p rmuninum mode aD monumum rode + 2 ALE > Adder Calth Envir. 10 demubtilex ¥ pm ss gave ss ond dot Pur ¥ pad t we — wii conhol Signal « WR =o, dale a Quit reamory | To through data bus x pun ae s m] Zo —y Durng sual) cwortle operalin Wis pi rolunti fis memory or Io port b bung ago sed. { wee ® Ma) ° 5 aimoals usu " trubprotee toy anveronmurt © Pe abyati2b ¢ 84) G8 > Provede wage Sepasole eonhok Signals: | 2° % conhod femelion ® gntermu pe arknowldge \ Jo xood \ © jlo wal \ \ Halk © © — opiode quteh 0 1 Maman Mee \ © Memmy wae \ 1 | No opaalion & 0 0 2° 8° 0 ° \ \ \ Baad 3 LOCK > Gpdutatin an snakeeclion wuth Lock pry & erated and bus fm wot be used by Oh pm 30,31 % Ra] Gr) 3 RB [GT <5 Maximeum mode , Het? ond HLDA Bonals wre cnvold & 26 ( bus request) | &t (errant Bus) operations Pe Same a4 HOLD? HLDAs Relat, hw higher priority. Boab yegurces an external asynmetric clock Source to quero qreguaney gag4 clock qerate B woed for tad purpose | STL eee + pik ag 2 INTA —> Sit . esuipt acknowl b ( Oekrouy, 3 antvouipr nogut on INTR pin Mi) mats aT/R > dae Eyonomit | Reve T= | ai, * dol. f, Dromownuttad » DT[R = 0 1 dal bung sacuved. by ‘none tt) * pit ab 3 SEN — dotabug enabte, whin Ben +0, aalduss/ dota bw to be used as data bus (mi) x pars HOLD > Wild. nequiat HoLp 21 tndacalis DMA Ce paused (4) ® x phan: HLDA-> HLDA =I Sends arknowtidgemunt en DMA paquise (mi) runcnin_of seeds BI Fo expo mining pio 404) sigmant Pagoter Se gs © o Es , 0 | os ®) ! ° cs | I Ds Bue chorareerts te i BHE Ao 0 0 Bom higha Lowder bonk 1 accessed e Pag vom etc acs ! 7 Pale ee orden from WEN cacy I I seead| wALli~ None Magnum mode ond _Misioran rode. Sarat ‘ ADp-Ais [Awe BRE, S4 INTR —s| NMI UK Vee RD Mn] My Vor |e HOLD LL ALDA Ly am Ly mito goab le pile o 2 — minum Ly Den rood | Ly ALG | == | > INTA \ ke TET \e— READY | reer RD An-AY al wari An-A9 = . |$a-$ ie Br, & Rail ms ai L e oun stb ok oben Aufl se pun aabgron een egrwntalion 2 voramnerhy Two types oy me vaede Thy OL Duneni addnesiong outdone - dn Gua rrantid oddeuning no Orquvsation ane | and Segmented | te mimoy space Bo diiadad unle post catted, egmonti> gn 8086, 4h avaulabte mimo Apaee Ls babs This memeny ts oli urto Lomeal tegrnta of 64bb Lath» To addrose a Specigu’ momar [Link] win the Begmant we nes an efpied aedldrese Advowtages & Allows memory addvoseing epaulg te be '% X Allows unchuclion eoele, Gack and portion ¢ preqram te be more Mon b4kb tong by eusing more than one code , dat ; Satk & exaha Segment & FouliGli use of Seperate raed area 4" progres ola x waepnt ah rmualtxprog ramming FFFFF y}———+_ © FEF “10000 Hh Es Serer [7 bhk HvocoH |_4¥ Je ce 489 FH 7F byk Fig: SABAH Le <—es Mem QFFFF AH Gr te c gogl Ap tok 2oo00H eng Booodpee: 2... O crt 7 To Wito promdure and Love thoy Subion address We tack. © Ret > To reen from prowolure te main program &y CALC DADDR No of bytes 33 eg: RET Nop >! ° 0, Ue @ sup > >To yump le, te addross provides a Nop —> 2/4 (@® Bow TA |Inee — vsed bo gen uy above) net below (o> TBE]IVA— Biow equot) Not above) wish, Cabeptes cd) «> ce vey? wo) ad @ Eq: TMP DADDR- Urn) Lotispers > TRE] Ine — wed be yup Lp obove [not blew unin, Sabope - TC — yup PF crs I se, TZ — yup if ZF > | Te] Inve — yunip if greats [nor ss than | 2quab ip qualia equat to] netlers Uxaw Aokayres see] IVL ~ fy JL] INHe edit if Ves Cow | wot greats Thou ew tor] equat to | wot Tee JON — guy Hh te et TNC a ‘i cr=0 uy INE]IVZ - yump if wot eyuol | ZF = 0 2) INO — gump if no overftow a INP ~ porip ifr no porely fag tee PF=0 yn) INE - jump f not sign 4 he (m) wo P Vy) Jo - qenr iP Overflow 44 ge - rump if pox Te - jump if Sqn 20 Ae or = | fee peal Aue SFe] Set oF=0 eueude C] eueuoe oweuou C] owetou eweuou O) owouea C] oureuou C] wee Ol eunuaa ousouoa oweuou C] oureuu oueus C euevoe ewe oueuou O oweuou ouauou C] edu ouruee O eueuu O oweuoe dieu we aueuou we To & é © taltulote physiedt addrece, Ler ws Usmiden ox exanpl’ & Ce fe Loaded with 24e@A HW. proedure ik ou fotlows | Gd) CS > 348A 4 Gh TO usmtent of Co) edd OH be Lower byte of ae dota Cs => 348A 0000 H 348A0 H —y Base addrece lily Add ‘opesot adarese. offet fe how for tne. add apmem Location fzom the code addroce. consid eran wH. oly 7 the code, address ko be exetuled te 42144 prypuct- odd = Base odd -b offser add C20 bit ade) 1 F = /34¢A0 H ALIG H wee ts Be AB4 H a>, ~ + Brey time! to Sulich) betwoon ~ difforent programs y cs fs Loaded with rup merry oddroes « Qo bik addvoss Pe quees4 and Qocded to SP- RM Use of Uitiar Lopmrantalirn, Como bate addvese fs wood {mo Epa: Engle: address memoy Spore witt be wed by adda oppect addrece bo Comment bose and physteat address fy qo Ter UNiT- fi Frogramrutia of, goab satlrushién, Format * Side of gob Gutruslen fone be ae bytes. ee qree byte of inerruchen uid have be Bt opcode and Too : Spousal Ke tahsator abit and wo -[Link] ¢-biE and 2-1 H bit eptede oF orl vebre and w-biE). Some MOG have T-bie of abit] s—bik vegies qld. a w—bik {Be appears ey ingtrustion that epexale sn bom 0 1 dota operated b a-bi(b & \ 4) Aotn operated a toatl byte 3, qebut * That operate on double operand: Specifies huey \ reo’ hue u > Souusr opeuand or regio Sport yued 4 Ag qd we or rey deatuiatton oprandtd= 0 ge bik Thee bIk appunts ellie vsbuelions Choe operat. on immediate data woo -~ @ bik operation usith @-bik dole Qwedl-> Ib bit operation vouth {6 biE dam QWell > Ib bie operation uoulh han extended ebit Ane: wo rm of adkdvossutg 8 w v- bit s BRE appears bh orm of Bape and volatz € Enareuotion ec. Z-bIE! Appears tn formal of REP Prep for chia inshruclio, and ured 4" comparigen 4 toro 14" In roubkibyte uishuckiins , Seton bye Speck pies The addveseng made off operands. usually has three field mod, seq ond alm. mod fied i a- bik totale ame ak depuines te welhod Of addressing operand. eee by w[m pita afin ts 3 bik wide, and is Uhdccate Source OF clestication operand . ge bik wide and ds used The dubpeent ways fh whith a Source operand denotiol Wan Unshuelion . Oo Trnmediats adetvesserl moun ¢ an whieh data ho pase of Grernvetann ° Ucsery, Eq: Mov CX, 40924qH 7 Mov AL, Ol © Regist addvesuha mode 3 Pn whieh veqbters axe Source of oun operand wk an instruction. eq: Mov ce, AX: ® vreick addresstg med ¢ In which Eppeclive addvese of Me memo Lookin & vortten Aaestly & wtshreolion a Mov ax, Cisa2 4) ® Rogeatin wdteck Addaesshngy! AMtows data to be adelrested at on taliin through an efpice addntss hetd 4h , 21 ay) rman 4° qousnnrg neg 5 BP BX, DI Bq: Mov Ax, [BI @ Based _adetrenwly mods : The Ofte addren gwen by Sum of tomas ef Bx] BP neq ond 8/16 bit dufplacencocl a Eqs Mov px, [Bx+ 04} © dered aaelreccug meds 5 Operownd Obpee adduw ba pound by oder coutints of SI er PI region and abit [i6-bie Afspissemen’ Eq: Mov sx, Lor +iel D Bose —ndex -addvtwang male: opyee addres B Computed by Sumneng «i base Aofistin to conn of Mdex Aoginler . Eq: ADD Ch > Lax+ ot] © Bae Indcxed win diptocomenk mod 3 ofpek & vomputad by dae bose Reqotin Lonluns gudee Kegdtor contr ond Ib] @ bie duplame Eq: Mev AX, [ex + pr+08] ilk Inehuchdn Let of S086: Reb Supports € Uypa of Wwerraclions on dotlows % x Dow ° we Avttemelte \watuclions * RUC Nowiputalion twtruckisn % Mtethg Incheon > PEP, vt ¢/ource] ourewlscns| Scnce|ccasw Come) compce/ compaw fins! inca] iwsw eerelez, Repwe/Rernz Move/ca few x BY a 2oop lvshruckén -> CALL, RET, TmeP Prowssor Conrol \natruction > STC, ere ,eme, 6TD, CLD ¥ yy cel br a an "ehpol Ingtuclion > LooP, Loope) LooPz, Tex z % Ontercupt Ingructién INT, INTO, 1eET oss, Tranefer_Inshuctin = dala these Instructions ane uaed te Gonster a destination operand - 4r0m four operand te , i 26 Q-No [Lnshuchions Expl mt data trom) , owe [move 1 Mov dlese: $1 aoerree to deotinalion a- |mov Rep, ees move from Source 4 b- Imov RWd, RW Vo dus * itty of bytel tool a) Teen ca c. |Mov eB, DAPPR Move from me 2,3 + a wy, BADDR re) aagnlin aor * Mov RW) ato. tau be byte] word eo gpa % e: Mov vADDR, RE st fey be ages 2, RW fe Ne 4 Mov PAPPR: ‘speripid + Ie bie 2 g Mov RB: patk(6) — |Move bp og 3 Wh mow RW, “pate (14) pect pees oS Mov DADDR) dnt (8) | ove ¢ orle BiH 3: te x papper) eae (10) dtd J vt) 4isert m Mov janes [Tnetructién¢ Mov ee, ews) Mov Rw, 2 C16? IMoV £R, DAPPRGW) Mov DADDR, SR (Ib) 2 Mov AL, Label Mov Ax, Lawe e Mov label, AL Mov Lavet, AX e | |\PoP DADDR ‘ae push RWISR b. pusd ada Explanalien Move from word req, to sogment req Move fromm Segment to woot req y Move from nm te Sagrrant re ond vire Move {rom mummy adds speurpuad i Move from aceeermut _ alee "be memory addr dpoetped - “Transfers evord. from Jstack top to dustinalio, then &P enowmentad naw Atak bop aX a)aor 4 a, sory 2,300 4 Transfers cvoscd Prom | Stack top to Vogisinr | then Spo SP+e be Powe Cop of MAR | pops work from ataiek| rl estine | 1 Fetch Spby 2 | Deorerent £P by »| g- trans fore onecword trom Sour £6 otk Lowa \ t [Sax pm at Mumny be AGAR Q,300 4 | | | | Ig: z I No Instruction Explanaksn No of bytes. Be la, 3 mist Posner Transfer 4g Rag onls aa f Souk : Lg reqib,mem |Poada 16 bit pointer from = 915 oF “t pron sourte bo alien * 4 LEA 70g, MOM | tronager ofjeek, addr Of ge be desinalion Aq ns a EA RW, DADDR ng LEA RWr LHe cates : 2) 306 F 6. LES veqib, mem | Loads Ib bie power fram 4 rena gousr bo ET oh) Bory ae |Les Rw, PADDR | Home aes likalion Nap Gg, gor4- be Lopsa] Lopsw — \boadk sire » transfers} Bren wlan ; f | by Bsser bo Acramutalee Ho [arose] STosw | Steve sheng S170 = lvolue from Aceumulalar | lm Ess ot & |movse|movsw \Move thedhg « Cope | data from memoary lorotien ! addvened by S! b& bl- Q° REP Repeat arrung operation Repeats of ! ietory whin Cx>O- | qe |repe] REPZ | Repeat equat] caro) ' ab | REPNE/REPNZ Repeat Not equat/ ' Not “r0- | to. LAHE toad AH From \ Regt ial oy ue SABF pfoad by AN T°" ' Mota Utow cye® i ; the Tas ¢ Exchan: xXcHe dest, Sve contin ror gre ae 4) XcHe, RB, RB Rego Reg exchomge di 2 |b] ReHst ew, RW Pogitor 9 Rogier exchange Co} XCHE RB, DADDR emery + Rag exthange 233, d.[XcHa RW, DADDR | Memny 2 Rug exchange e eo] XcHe, Ax, RW Aceurmulatar s Regn be jexchange- 1B] XLAT “Framslale AL <— AL+BY¥- Helin finw Post t b | word rom ! pee a | port —> AL/ Ax: | 15 | outfoutw Pork — [byte th AL] evard th AM Vor 2: a bi ae OuT Powk Bee eC b: ovT Bt c: evrw Pork a. ovtw PF | T |Aemimerte Gioup OF Insreuctions : | | ADD dut, Sre Avilhmebe addition from Soune £6 olustinakon a.| ADD RBD, RBS Add Sounee and a b. | ADD Rwo, Rwe cratcralion Angintn fa Qs | ADD DADDR; RB Add. neg Le 2) 30rd momung Ap 0 No d. ee > Se oe 3 q Incherelisns ADD DADDR, RW ADD RB, DADDR + | ADD RW, DADDR App eB, datals) |App ew, dala (12) ies appr , dalla, | ADD DADDR, Baal! | ® Explanalish No of bytes. Add coin (18 HE) erent speiped. Adak ype ban a Bort laddacss Speui (sbi * “| Add eontinls of memony add squnpidlaeg CBs ong or Fe pata (Sbil) added |) g | regio tex dpetpeed Doth (1b bID Added Bort mg at polils) added t3 memoy 3 7S dpuriped Y Data (15) added do mame 34,500 b- [ADD AL, dala (8) | Dalk (4) added. | og | , | deesumectalay By oe bye App Ax, dala (16), aioe oe 4 (ADC RBD, RBS | Add wilh Vie | ‘ sapien oe “| » |ADCRWD, RWS Add: with ot dex Bw | fearon Cie | 0. ADC DADDR , RB “add abit veg conGinb | Bort | th adebr &peripes | i mary Squid p-| ape Dappr, RW Adel Ig bik reg Conn a» 300 4 ‘with mumoy dt pecspd ADt RB, DADOR “Add @ BET roa ‘ toith momouy Adde a3 08 t Ape RW) CADPR pda 1h bik “04 v toi memacy odd yw GBB RB, PADDR No ln sheucdorit Explanaticn | ne of oe Ss. | Ade RB, Antics) Add ebit data wilh Rog & aN t- | Ade Rw, dated) — [ade Ib bit dole with Rog | Bert 7 | us JAve Dapper, Data s — [Addovila Garry memony | 3,415 < lv. _ , |e be | ADC DADDR, Dali Ib | ad ewitn worry meraong Ce aqisert | | Tape ar, datata |e bit date ° . fad Accumulator wolln 2 | [Ave Ax, datalh |g bit and Ie bit vesP 3 8 |.208 leat, ore Qe | 2uB RBD, RBS Gubrract Sourte % from ; | : duk req of bid Leng 2 | be | SuB RWD, RWS ubtrask soured 2 | ee weq of tb bl | | ‘ vB pApPR; RB oul OF ey votlh naccanay, 21207 4 . Lv. | ‘UB DADP Ris fl Gab dg ced voli adds Ageia 3 or 4 ee | SUB RB, DADDR aub memnny addy othr READ o 3or 4 f-leus aw: DAR | aub addy wilh xag(I) 3 q | 378 RB, Dala & Bub g bit dala tate rage Bord ‘ wi b h. | ave gw) Dale Ib ave eee at rae ot th A By OF 2,| SvB papper, Pala 8 Sub gbit Snehcaast , ace i i Fh g | vB PADDR Datalb Qub tb bik @ ec 7 wl x} eve AL) Dawes — | sub g bik dat tal 7 oe vil | L] Sue Ax, Date Ib gub Ib bir dae My . & , ] Goure-Out- 2 m.| S88 RBD, RBS dub wiin boro (e) | a n-| SOB Rwp, RE cub wit borrow Souree-Deot cle 0} @BB DADDR, RE sue voll, bovrewo Ye with 830 4 P-| BB DADDR, RW odds C8) ae ‘ ub wikr borsow sre tol Qao7} adsy (16) | 2.00 Ip | -RB-+DADDR ( bIL) raurts @nsrruction q Exblanalisn Seer mye fe 0 of : x Gee, Re, daing [Sub abiranx a : \ re Loin borrow & 2 SB tb ° 5. S B ax, dole gub th bik A afl aks e ape appr, dale | Borvo1o bo Atay ' gubvwifm Bere SPIE 3, 41504 b w SBB pADPR, dalalb | data ewith v BB AL, Dalh & ub See 3 a wW cas ew, vate |e iypie da BR 5) 37+ Be MUL Soe ° ubbrpha taba a: [mut RB ultiply R24 (8) i b- [mut RW ebeply Rag lO - Club DADDR Mt aad ts) dort d- |mu_ DADDR ut adsl C12) 21307 Wr cee 4 | Div ste ae & a.| Div RB pe eq) C p-| DIV Rw ot ee _ ; DV to . BOY 4 c.| DIV. DADPR piv ada (16) voila) % gor 4 | Div DAPDR ccm | 5./ ine dest | | (nuenunt add, 219 OF a} INC DADPR examen: (2) | 2 | b.| ive RB ine tc) 2 tine RW ‘P “4 | b.| Dec dust | | a. DEC DADDR | Devemanl | argent ai neeaee | pevwmone Ma * ce) pec RW | oeament 604 10) » no is PES arom & Reo Be Inghuctions CMP desk , Sve Sca ce] seAcw CBW CwDd DAn- DAS AAA AAD AAM AAS Exptanalibna Compas. bourne cdot le CMP RBD, RBS CMP RBW, RWS Compare Source 0 dint 18, CNP DADDR, RB Compose addy & “4 a cmp pacor, RW |,Compae addy areal ) CMP RB, DADDR — |Compare Ang (0) rcodds| emp RW, DADPR | Compare reg (tO 9 ada CMP RB, Data (8) ¢ dalle) CMP RW, Dat& Comp (18) 2 dab LID CMP BADR, BHalz| Lon add % obit CMP DAbDR, dalalb Comp adda ale (16) CMP AL, Daa & oi Aceeemutater C} CMP AX, Dota Ib data (6 or 18) Acap CMpsp| cupsw Compare btreng Ceo | | Ib bie) usp. | | Seam Arena, (8 o¥ 1b aap). | | By te ord | word t doubt. | aA | coor Diaumal odkpuint | | Ocemutlator | de. y ean 4n bubtratlion aaah A | acer adyunt: fe} ASCH odguot mutts baaln — | FO eusbrretzin 1 ! \ I Coa Ing hructecns mal Holic Inctruchens | Bit Map : AND det, ore | loial AND | alan gor, ene And operalion of dak Bouse AND RWD,RWS [And operate of rl dosb dousue UI! b clawp DADDR, RB [find of Conlink Of aides i | A|AND DADDR,RW |Anol condint & odd ott as ce] AND RB, DADDR (a) woth addr speiigied- Lan RW, DADDR Anh (16) wi odin dpifd And. dal (s) wikk nog (> ar cS ap arF Qa ye 4 Qj 3FH A, OH 3 q |AND RB, Aan’ i k) And Rw DALI’ | Ana data C16) a9 eete 2 an ADDR, Dale 8 And doc 8) coe gui oe i + ani ADDR, Dake lb And datalIb) Wu na pap 4igor | wileLes k land AL , dala & fd ola 8) will acum L |p Ak date Ib Ard data. (1K) wilk accumulate ; B> @ og dubs Sre logtat of | a OR REP, RBS oR operat én ef daake bourse. 2 bor RB, RED oR of aul ® ounce (18) 2 COR DADDR, RB OR adolr sporrpeid 2 vad 2) 3004 oR DADPR; RN ork of addon speed & (lb) 2) 3004 @ OR RB, PADDR = -OR of bag (a) © AN | 32) B orf ¢ jon Rw DADDR OR, (1b) & | 2/5074 gon ee, dala & oR of pagte) data tt 3 kL oR pw) date! og of Bag tis) & ARO tb) 4 add 8 a 4 jor pappe Dae OR of beg datels) & 4 an dale lis) Ladd WGe d pr pavok,dotals OR of P44 CNo Ingreuckions Cx pianalion No of N XOR duh ore Kor opuroticw a ror rep, eee | xoe of aut grote) 2 b [XR RWD) RWS | XoR dul % see 2 ‘: \ c {Xot (e)* aoe ‘fk R DADDR, RB | YOR OF Pea pb adie | 218 Org. DR DAODR, RW | FoR ef tu © /XoR Re, Davor | YOR ef & (Oe ats ¢ |Xor Rw, dave | xor of (16% aie 4 |\XOR RB, datnl | yop (e) edaie 3 RI ROR Rwy AAAI log f Uy daa 4 4} KOR OaDDR Dates KOR of datace) By f OFS J |Xoe DADoR, bata le yoR of data (16) & 415076 L{XOR AL pdate#] YoR of dota (Be acumutaly L A/ROR Ax, olata IY FOR of cote L1O% eleler bibwice AND [TEST leaks STC} Terk oy BIE parerns ce, 2F,¢F meds -lreer ReaD, Rae \Tesk dor bitpallsnns bj rrgle) poricr Fm ‘lTestT Rwo, RWs | Test 1" pablinn bj Arg) 2 Hest Davve, RB| Tert belive mem reg it) 2/3 ov Fy B® | Teet DADDR, RW [Text belie mem ured [Ib 8/3 Or 4 Tect RB, dal Tet burwen ey RB ers Irest ew, cota ls Tut Yo wo “| es DApDR, dab & Test bo "many? % date 3 4 OFS” “TEST DADDR, dalpls n W ts orb TesT Al, dotrs Accxmubal gb date 2 bac V Ib BE resT Ax) detel/b Aceurutotor ¥ bbe | & Sey pwganan, se © @© wot dub Jogual NOT e F? cs “| ROR +) gar] ] Tnshruckon NoT DADDR NoT RB NoT RW Neg deb Nes DADPR Nes! RB Nest pw pcr desk) comb per papper N ret ReleneN RER oltsky Coumk | 2CR DADDRIN Ree peer N poe dusk, Come gor pADPR, N por REI, ~ ROR olusty fom RoR DADPR N RARW I N Ohebe operaticin CAL] SHL deat, Count CHL DADDRN CALISHL rele, Nn Expuualzon oT wilh Faget Ne mete with & Me coh Hy weg (1G ubreass dest from 9 ef eplen|panre ® desk oddly gle Lomplemunk nagotiption @ land £aves als comp Dave, RBRW Cowlite N tne mentsved- @ No of by 1 3or4 2 2 po ort 2 2 Potala through cong LYE 213 FF rotate Lonlinls of a papper] eBjew N * tana murtsred - potion mat reppe 212 F Rotate Conlints of Se DADDR| RBI Rw ANY Anes zr montiined - potate tontints| 213% 4 °F DADE, RBIRW, a tue a Rowen sgt Cowen) 2,307 G DADD Heche, 2 tines. L orithati L491 3 or L L Actumblex Diveebive 3~ + Assembler Boa program that aceep on ascent Parquoge program as inpul 2 converls Ee thle an objice ‘ and preporres for Rooaka preqrom ils mumony for exeruhon # boader forties seonvers obgét module prepared by accembler thls oxeemtable form’ by Ubrlaig Ub with other obeik and Library raoolales - ¥ Assembuitg a. program proveadle Statiment by Secprentially « % Mors by analyst Ue program be be eonvolad Follewed bY namgfung, oddvers ond date fe Ow delet also tated as, paudo opeiakons Mab Lowho] te They Snditale how on opeanc or Seclisn of by ogeembler. They alo quae ») Molen) pDrvéctives assembly promcee program ao protessod ° ond. Atore. tnfermalion fn mente Driecbie, jeu Atrong dat DB ( Define, byt) | rTolectecbane. a bye type voutate or sue aude one Lotion of type: rye Gy remng fq + Tem? DB "100" DUP — ele aides , too byl °F Atscage & memory voile Kame TEMP Dol deput, Doubs ore * used be beth Vomit. 4 words tr Sangli umber PB OB4S9T 23 tae assembler to declare a ex: Bian 1o2H DT (dyme Ten bytes) * usd te we the owembler ip declare a vounlte voWich & Vo bytes in Lengtice Ex: Packed BCD pT 22! Dw Coupee, wood) ° bes & clehmne urd bo bE Ee assem Voucalrte of Kyre voora: Ex: worps DW 1234 H SEtIMENT : sed to indiate te dros Of a bopeial Seger’ Eq! Cove SesmenT teat me omembrer tht Stat of Oo Howeet segnant entre “cove”. 101022345 oTRUCT | pupmes a Krcuete kemphate +r qreer’a inl Lise of Sommer HYPO: end $ ro fndtinke Me end Of end of Lagat Segmant: 74 rom repdule oF ASSUME | Tets anembter What name -fo chocen t or Code, DotA , exhra * Sack Segment: Equatr to gre a name to bome value ov AiFnay. Eq: Num! EAU Sone ~o 50H assiqued to NuM\- ORE Lorgind : Chounges dhe Stavbrg add rexs oy dota i te dora Seams Ex: oREe, 200 00t+ Proc Promnduure used bo densify Monk of provedure. Ex: Divipe PRoc FAR I|NEAR- > NEAR! Some Lorak Regacik - FAR : otter Lod Sqmnne ExTRN?: ured ko atl anembler Chat name oy Lavet qouowrmg diduclar, ane sn OTL arsumbly rmModute. GLOBAL * ved to dedore Syrnret qe" alt wrod waar: Fo. BILOBAL DIiLOR @ | Neve : Used fo a UL omembler © wrsert a block code from namod fu tke Current and moduli > Peco © A qroup ef Batch ws rate en mocro & thvoked , Tw corresponding ab of Rubruokee Ont minted, inte Kowee veplansg mare on vy aunt meple aupliess SOS Procedure * t Gimitar te macro but Leith oe. © cranked uben puphaced* Mou fine eee cole ond pots 3 takirana Macro dapmnihen : foc tha entite body olfned betwen MACRO an ENDM tx: pusHAde pusaae MACRO + PusH Ax Puse Ck 7 pustt BY | ENDM; Mocros toith Parameters: Posuaae MACRO AI By Porch A® ; Pur BY > ENDM ; Macro can alo be with Parameler te Aclial pasanctiss are wvoKed at tine ot prose Files of Macro : XN et flan of macros axe phased oe que of 2 own. ex: Dipmyarr | MYMAC: MA: ba pgm das Mnezost radon per ooeig ree pushagc en vepanding 5 Mov C¥ PAI push Ax oo DYpPAR pusnarcey push BK ADD Att Bx ee rust oF Mov DAg/ AY Mov ¢¥ 1 PAI Mov D¥, PAD Poraac App At, &* mov DAD) AF Pop cx ral p Bx Int ig erfacm, 9259 A ( Intowupt Conhouer) be 8086 po- PA UNIV Trterupt : A miliod ef cualtig a lemprrany hat dusuig Program: exeoution ond altows pheriphsat davite to Aceose the uso proctor: Entereuph aT? Hordwore Soprurade st Non-maskabte goeh wares Imeoupl fn Unser Sources * x Betenot sqrol appted te EC y exewlion of INT? e torme Hafol 9 pa due ushin any ont Of above cone of weumpl pers, Lb ops tHe hoemal excuiien eff program, cane wre enanuat eokas ond vonhne Hank and Man “zi & exteptiondt condiliin 9. Gubrowwie be podem cose requeslid bY nevaupk- The dubroulvie exerted & wud Tike Each Veolor table coms mow 1 R- ak Steves Codermotien ee SR of Ob ahsoe i € . ~ @ toast trsteudisn of NER: 5 ° Tntevruph “uibalad by exlirnol horduoare b “4 coe qual to iueerupt po & cooled hardware unrerup ts Tn terruph witialiond by appliyerig Appropscoti. gana We pols via toffioau Uhruckimy, are Fofybware vive unup Be : * lompi Wet & Tre verlor addins dar B08b ttenupt 1% eoo0e { te arrFFH seed [Avett] green f— >. + 0095-1) oo0GoH ooTrH 8086 mierrupt Veetor table. ool4h 001% och ooeH ooyns oor Hosdware neesuph * Hor +wo pu namely NM|-and [tNTR. Mi: Now markoite dnivuupt + A habia prrorie butaupt « Zz f vol Tuy Cneuaupt B adtivalad , Uese acticin take plase ¢ % Completa unk wntiuelionw T pues 404 ragbter mle Atauk * pusher Cf ond 1p ents We Atack x IP B Loaded rom conlanl of location pooosH ¥ CA f Loaded from conlink of Loealion OO00AH RTF amd TE axe Aste to oO. INTR:: 7 LA bow. priority moskolte wnrberwourpt + Ach'v atick by ce Jo pore: My Untowupt Be enabled amd nmi ts dusolted then WMA Ao prowensor quer complet vant execution and denole so’ INTA pan [atte e INTR in, always prousded by ack , Hae. rnta ( Ineouepe auknowntedgeye INTA meus ea gt Reoming seq: Qortware InTERRUPTE : Mow oveus durcig folowone ropustcia z # vohen daide—by ~ fas Otte A quote from. Div oy IDIV 8 too Sage ye qpoknnk Aegiatur ; 08b cole! quusatt divde frre: H Brewton of INT visrructon "nt! nay 0b a55, may be uard to tue gor branch fo any of a5b cnt cf type mentioned an verter table » # Breeuteon of an Interrupt 0n overflow’, % ts het Ine tes x wh Taap $104 Ack, 8086 exeenter lente Sep mode saber by Offa exerution Of cack Uutruclion « +The Ie u worattn Wore we debug the program % One chtouupl ocr , the ono & transperred b& Cxunipt Gubrouine One 1eeT & oxouttd , te Abrouline me Crewe Js ondsd’ amd control. & Sunt bark to mam progr H Rrmadingilyy Wi sxuaaliin of Suge Sep 128 bepha dabuggug avtaay Uibruchion < Sav eLCopE elite Enterrupt Prienity Divide bY Karo, ae INT, INTO Haghea NMI ; INTR Jingte Step Lowest. M grivtaring with 80st $ : : ot decoding techniques, EPROM, Memory Lonteple 5 Typ goes Memny Inapaeing. notes RAM Bteudkire 7 OGady ter 4 / * * ° ax ie Mitroprousor tan accose tmb mremoy Ginez acdrese / bur GB obit. EPROM Ud umd as Program Memon} ard RAM f at dota memog: HE cohibe Lntorpaurg memoyy & 808, memory neede fo be. provided odd and ever bank of O Desgo an 908s based Spin csith foussoutg Spetificalins 3 Uy gosh 1h minimum mode and maciinum mode cid @4 kb EPROM. Gi) 64 kb RAM. yx 64kb EPROM 2 RAM B done using & e eee ane aaah ad hoe a # the wnicwoprroeecor Cxecrtes the meth preqeen aud Oty Stop to envied pexphaet * The ter prrformavee Pnsroases . compasod eg traditicnad =pousny mekbod. i i K When a naleropromssor fe (i Patesrupred, A Spounl gervee routine us ve : . ronk execution. futmupt and the Serveee soutina fe | uy catted ! an Interrupt Service Routine - 7 ay zs : Tivo types of Interrupt peeur tn any Speer wndincaty a |. Hardware \woterrtep & 2 Aottwoard Wnckemrupet E 4 in the program - uaf Instruction Extremal Squat 3 fm appaysnd @avot be on creat apt (NM : = a int gen ie tL Condit faovid edly’ pgen | Inabeeten in ~ G08b Fe InqewoupCed m4 Speen . : ce: Divide by ex, ___ RET Instruction Pe used ot Ge ond of Indesupt sorvice voulins te oxorastool ea: ute que C&S ond IP. volves far Orns) toe. ht i RK OCOOOH be OdSFFH G pererved for We tering Sroxting address ef 16R« Th wou \ hap tiod tuteaupk Vector te bAe ogee This ICR boide 256 SR. Sosb nauplii mA ay TK 0-4 —y woed Het t eps : the go 8 ee Mea by S086. ¥ flown bassriby than bale VMI - —— Bplay andealing INT tna fedoras ——$§$__ A L Poy 4 olst_interrupt “yee can be To Cotelate the Addrocc 2 type og_Iarerrupt | Starling addrosce fox type o- be oooooH ! “¥ It i fe’ aooo 44. Co0001 XA) | 1 ( OHO0LX 3). type 2} Po O00008H Li f ° ae) ( when alivision Pe pufemed oud Me, Atwwr ts 50 Losge kb 'be Stared m_Mhe- destination , dunce My Xow -ervov » Tubun. Type | — Sg Aitp (nterupt | ae Johon CCB po ce 2eee B oy deboggera, | — eS Type 32 — 256: ee oe ef interreeh PY edi TEE) Mn She 4tag Reon ten - The type OE: Indestupt ce _usedl uncle Apecsat conc by enattong Tho. peilirupt Manag —-t tanh ML: vat aed 4ee bavi ee f 90080 Type Bz a | C eevee - i rg ise! y Cres e ye ane a * |__| a ; ye Tipe aan akg ooo U GR eo 3rFH 4 : ee |

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