Chapter ; Interference:
Interference:
• Interference of light is the phenomenon of non-uniform distribution
of light energy in a medium due to superposition of light waves from
two coherent sources.
• Interference is the superposition of light coming from two coherent
sources.
• In interference, the fringe width be equal.
• The region of minimum intensity are perfectly dark.
• All bright fringes are of equal intensity.
Coherent source:
Two sources of light, which continuously emit light waves of
a) same wavelength or frequency
b) are always in phase or have constant phase difference
c) same amplitude, are coherent sources.
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e.g. laser light is coherent source of light
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Method of producing coherent source:
• By division of wave front:
Here, wave front is divided into two or more parts by using slits, mirrors,
lenses or prisms and these parts are made to superimpose to produce
interference.(e.g. Young’s double slit method, Fresnel’s biprism, Lloyd’s
mirror.)
• By division of amplitude:
Amplitude of wave is divided into two or more parts by partial refraction or
reflection. (e.g. soap film, oil film is used to see brilliant colors)
Incoherent Source:
Two independent light sources which do not emit light waves of same
wave length and same amplitude and also phases are different are
called incoherent source of light.
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Types of Interference of light:
(I) Constructive Interference
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(II) Destructive interference:
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Conditions for sustained (Permanent) Interference of light:
The interference patterns in which the positions of maxima and minima of
intensity of light remain fixed, all along on the screen, is called sustained
or permanent interference pattern. Some important conditions for
obtaining sustained interference.
(I) Two sources of light must be coherent, amplitude should be equal,
monochromatic, sources very close to each other.
(II) Two sources should be point sources or very narrow sources.
(III) Same phase or maintain constant phase difference with time.
(IV) The interference beams should be of same wave length and frequency.
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Young’s Double slit experiment [Expression of fringe width
(β) ](imp vvi)
Young, in 1801, demonstrated the interference of light by a simple
experiment with double slits, then alternate bright and dark bands appear
on the screen.
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Conclusions from Young’s double slit experiment:
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