Expanded Lesson Note: Verb Forms and Usage
1. Verbs Followed by Gerunds (-ing form)
Definition:
A gerund is the -ing form of a verb that functions as a noun in a sentence.
Common verbs followed by gerunds:
enjoy, avoid, admit, consider, delay, deny, suggest, finish, practice, appreciate, mind, miss,
resist, involve, recommend, risk, postpone, quit, tolerate, dislike, imagine, keep, mention,
recall
Examples:
• I enjoy reading novels.
• She avoided answering the question.
• They suggested studying harder.
• He quit smoking last year.
Student Practice:
Fill in the blanks with the correct gerund.
1. She enjoys ______ (listen) to music.
2. They avoided ______ (make) mistakes.
2. Verbs Followed by Infinitives (to + base form)
Definition:
An infinitive is formed with to + base verb and often expresses purpose, intention, or future
action.
Common verbs followed by infinitives:
decide, hope, want, plan, promise, refuse, learn, expect, agree, offer, prepare, choose,
manage, threaten, intend, pretend, wait, deserve, fail, attempt
Examples:
• She decided to continue her education.
• We hope to succeed.
• He refused to accept the offer.
• They managed to solve the problem.
Student Practice:
Complete the sentences using infinitives.
1. He plans ______ (travel) abroad.
2. She promised ______ (help) her friend.
3. Verbs Followed by Gerunds or Infinitives
Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. In some cases, the meaning
changes.
Examples with meaning difference:
• remember:
- I remember meeting him. (past memory)
- Remember to meet him. (future duty)
• stop:
- He stopped smoking. (quit habit)
- He stopped to smoke. (paused to smoke)
• try:
- She tried calling him. (experiment)
- She tried to call him. (effort)
• regret:
- I regret saying that. (past)
- I regret to inform you… (present)
Verbs with little or no change in meaning:
like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start
4. Participles
Definition:
A participle is a verb form used as an adjective to describe a noun.
a) Present Participle (-ing)
Used to describe ongoing or active meaning.
Examples:
• The crying baby needs attention.
• I saw a man carrying a heavy load.
b) Past Participle (-ed / 3rd form)
Used to describe completed action or passive meaning.
Examples:
• The broken chair was repaired.
• The stolen phone was recovered.
5. Causative Verbs
Definition:
Causative verbs show that someone causes another person to do something.
Common causative verbs and structures:
• make + object + base verb
• have + object + base verb
• get + object + to + verb
• let + object + base verb
• help + object + (to) + verb
Examples:
• The teacher made the students rewrite the test.
• I had the mechanic check my car.
• She got her brother to help her.
• The manager let the workers leave early.
• He helped me (to) understand the lesson.
Student Practice:
Rewrite the sentences using causative verbs.
1. The teacher forced the students to stay late.
2. I asked the tailor to sew my uniform.