Data Communication Exam Questions 2025
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Cherry JagathData Communication Exam Questions 2025
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Cherry JagathCommon questions
Powered by AITwisted pair cables function by twisting two wires together to cancel out electromagnetic interference from external sources, which helps maintain signal integrity over distances. Their advantages include low cost, flexibility, and ease of installation. However, compared to other forms like fiber optic cables, they have limited bandwidth and are susceptible to crosstalk and attenuation over long distances .
The network layer implements connectionless service through packet switching, where data packets are routed independently based on the destination address. This allows for efficient use of the network, as packets can take multiple paths to reach the destination. However, it also implies that packets might arrive out of order or get lost, requiring higher layers to handle error recovery and order maintenance .
The sliding window protocol provides flow control by allowing multiple frames to be sent before acknowledgment is required, which optimizes the use of bandwidth. It maintains reliability by ensuring that data frames are sent in sequence and acknowledged correctly before proceeding further. This reduces transmission time and enhances efficiency by allowing for continuous streaming of data and reducing idle time waiting for acknowledgments .
ALOHA operates on the principle of random access, allowing devices to transmit when ready and requiring retransmissions upon collisions. Its efficiency deteriorates with high traffic due to increased collisions but operates optimally in low traffic densities where the probability of collision is minimal. This simplicity is advantageous in networks with sporadic data burst needs but poor in environments with high user concurrency .
IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space, allowing about 4.3 billion unique addresses, which is insufficient for the growing number of devices. IPv6 expands this to 128 bits, providing a vastly larger pool of addresses. IPv6 also includes built-in security features such as IPsec, which are optional in IPv4. This scalability and security enhancement in IPv6 accommodate modern network demands, allowing for more efficient routing and addressing in IoT and mobile environments. The transition requires changes in infrastructure, which impacts network equipment and inter-operability .
Error detection mechanisms, such as parity checks, checksums, and CRC, play a crucial role in ensuring data integrity by detecting errors introduced during data transmission. These mechanisms allow detection of bit errors and trigger retransmissions of corrupted packets, thereby maintaining reliability in network communications. Without effective error detection, data integrity cannot be assured, leading to potential miscommunication and data losses .
The OSI model provides a structured framework for network design by dividing network communication into seven distinct layers, each with specific functions. This layered approach enables developers to focus on one layer without affecting others, promoting flexibility and innovation in network protocols. It ensures clear standards for interoperability between vendors, supporting technological advancements in network solutions .
Hierarchical routing impacts network scalability positively by compartmentalizing networks into layers allowing more manageable and flexible routing processes. This reduces overhead, scales well with network expansions, and localizes traffic within subnets. It's effectively employed in large-scale networks like ISPs and enterprise networks, where structured routing improves efficiency and resource management .
Fiber optic cables have high bandwidth capabilities, long transmission distances, and are immune to electromagnetic interference, making them ideal for high-speed data communication. However, they are more expensive and difficult to install and repair compared to copper cables. Despite higher initial costs, they offer a future-proof solution for growing network demands, especially suitable for backbone networks .
Connection-oriented service is essential for applications requiring guaranteed delivery and orderly data transfer, such as file transfers and video streaming. In the network layer, it is achieved using virtual circuit switching, where a reliable path is established before data transmission begins. This ensures all packets follow the same route, maintaining order and integrity, crucial for applications reliant on consistent and reliable data streams .