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Electric Machines: Principles & Components

Electric machines convert mechanical energy to electrical energy (generators) and vice versa (motors) through electromagnetic principles. They require varying flux for operation, categorized into transformers, DC machines, and induction motors based on the nature of flux variation. A DC machine consists of various components such as yoke, main pole, armature, commutator, brushes, and interpoles, each serving specific functions in energy conversion.

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22 views2 pages

Electric Machines: Principles & Components

Electric machines convert mechanical energy to electrical energy (generators) and vice versa (motors) through electromagnetic principles. They require varying flux for operation, categorized into transformers, DC machines, and induction motors based on the nature of flux variation. A DC machine consists of various components such as yoke, main pole, armature, commutator, brushes, and interpoles, each serving specific functions in energy conversion.

Uploaded by

ARYA MANDI
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

1 Basic principle of electric machines

Electric machines convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa.

Generator: Function- Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

Principle- Generation of e.m.f. in a moving conductor in magnetic field.

Motor: Function- Converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.

Principle- Force created due to interaction between magnetic field.

1.2 Machines require varying flux for their operation

Example: E.m.f. in a conductor is not induced if there is no change of flux associated


with it.
From Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, induced e.m.f. in a conductor is
proportional to the rate of change of flux associated with it.

1.3 Categorizing machines with respect to variation of flux

Flux is only time varying- Transformer


Flux is only space varying- DC Machine
Flux is both time and space varying- Induction Motor

1.4 Construction of a DC Machine

Fig 1.1 Generalized construction of a DC Machine.

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1.5 Functions of different parts of the DC Machine

Yoke- -Stationary part of the machine.


-Made up of cast steel.
-Placeholder for main field poles and interpoles.
-Gives easy path for magnetic field lines to complete.
-Protects all the inner parts of machine.

Main Pole- -Stationary part of the machine.


-Remains attached to the yoke.
-Produces the main magnetic field.

Armature- -Rotating part of the machine.


-Made up of laminated sheets.
-Holds the armature winding.
-Produces electrical energy from mechanical energy in case of generator.
In this case, the armature is rotated by external source and the armature
winding generates e.m.f.
-Produces mechanical energy from electrical energy in case of motor. In
this case, armature winding is given a current supply from outside. The
armature rotates and produces mechanical energy.

Commutator- -Rotating part of the machine.


-Made from separated copper bars insulated from each other.
-Attached with armature shaft.
-Carries current to the brush from armature windings in case of generator.
-Carries current to the armature windings from brush in case of motor.

Brush- -Stationary part of the machine.


-Made up carbon.
-Remains pressed with rotating commutator to establish electrical
connection between rotating part.

Interpole- -Stationary part of the machine.


-Remains attached to the yoke.
-Produces magnetic field that opposes armature field.
-Reduces sparking at commutator surface.

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