Microelectronics
Circuit Analysis and Design
Donald A. Neamen
Chapter 8
Output Stages and Power Amplifiers
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-1
McGraw-Hill
In this chapter, we will:
❑ Describe the concept of a power amplifier.
❑ Describe the characteristics of BJT and MOSFET
power transistors
➢ analyze the temperature and heat flow
characteristics of devices using heat sinks.
❑ Define the various classes of power amplifiers
and determine the maximum power efficiency of
each class of amplifier.
➢ class-A power amplifiers.
➢ class-AB power amplifiers.
❑ Design an output stage using power MOSFETs as
the output devices.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-2
McGraw-Hill
Typical dc Beta Characteristics
for 2N3055
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-3
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-4
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Safe Operating Area(SOA) for BJT
maximum rated power
The safe operating area of a bipolar transistor plotted on: (a) linear scales and
(b) logarithmic scales
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-5
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-6
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-7
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Interdigitated BJT:
Top and Cross-Sectional Views
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-8
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Typical Characteristics
for High-Power MOSFET
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-9
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High-Power MOSFET Structures
VMOS DMOS HEXMOS
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-10
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Drain-to-Source
Resistance
Versus ID
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-11
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2 Packaging Schemes and
Typical Heat Sink
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-12
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Electrical Equivalent Circuit:
Heat Flow From Device to Ambient
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-13
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-14
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-15
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-16
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Power Derating Curve
T j ,max − Tcase
PD ,max =
dev −case
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-17
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-18
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IC Versus Time Characteristics
class-A class-B
class-AB
class-C
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-19
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Class-A Common-Emitter Amplifier
(max) 25%
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-20
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-21
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-22
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-23
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-24
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-25
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Class-B Complementary Push-Pull
Output Stage
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-26
McGraw-Hill
Voltage Transfer Characteristics:
Complementary Push-Pull Output Stage
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-27
McGraw-Hill
Crossover Distortion:
Complementary Push-Pull Output Stage
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-28
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Effective Load Line:
Ideal Class-B Output Stage
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-29
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-30
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Average Power Dissipation Versus Peak
Output Voltage:
Class-B Output Stage
2
VCC
PQn (max) = 2
RL
(max) 78.5%
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-31
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-32
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-33
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Bipolar Class-AB Output Stage
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-34
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-35
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Characteristics of Class-AB Output Stage
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-36
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-37
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MOSFET Class-AB Output Stage
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-38
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-39
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Effective AC Load Line:
Class-C Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-40
McGraw-Hill
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-41
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Inductively Coupled Class-A Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-42
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-43
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Transformer-Coupled Common Emitter
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-44
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-45
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Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-46
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Transformer-Coupled Emitter Follower
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-47
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Class-AB Output
Stage:
Q-Point Established
by Diodes
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-48
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Class-AB Output
Stage:
VBE Multiplier Bias
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-49
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Class-AB Output
Stage:
Input Buffer BJTs
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-50
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Class-AB Output
Stage:
Darlington Pair
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 8-51
McGraw-Hill