Data Structures

---------------
Array
-----
An array is a special variable that can hold multiple values in a single name.
let fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Mango"];
[Link](fruits); // ["Apple", "Banana", "Mango"]
[Link](fruits[1]); // Banana

Add element
[Link]("Orange"); // Adds at the end
[Link]("Kiwi"); // Adds at the beginning
[Link](fruits); // ["Kiwi", "Apple", "Banana", "Mango", "Orange"]

Remove Element
[Link](); // Removes last element
[Link](); // Removes first element
[Link](fruits); // ["Apple", "Banana", "Mango"]

Array Methods
--------------

| Method | Description | Example |

| ------------ | ------------------------ | ------------------------------ |
| `push()` | Adds element at end | `[Link]("Grapes")` |
| `pop()` | Removes last element | `[Link]()` |
| `shift()` | Removes first element | `[Link]()` |
| `unshift()` | Adds element at start | `[Link]("Kiwi")` |
| `concat()` | Combines arrays | `[Link](arr2)` |
| `slice()` | Returns part of an array | `[Link](1, 3)` |
| `splice()` | Add/Remove elements | `[Link](2, 1, "Guava")` |
| `indexOf()` | Finds index of element | `[Link]("Banana")` |
| `includes()` | Checks if element exists | `[Link]("Apple")` |
| `sort()` | Sorts array | `[Link]()` |
| `reverse()` | Reverses array | `[Link]()` |

Object
---------
An object is a collection of key–value pairs.
Each key (also called a property) has a value — which can be a string, number,
array, another object, or even a function
let person = {
name: "John",
age: 25,
city: "New York",
greet: function() {
[Link]("Hello, my name is " + [Link]);
}
};

Accessing Object Properties

---
[Link]([Link]); // John
[Link](person["age"]); // 25

➕ Add a new property

[Link] = "USA";

Update property
[Link] = 30;

delete property
delete [Link];

Set
====

A Set is a collection of unique values — meaning it automatically removes

duplicates.

You can store any type of value (numbers, strings, objects, etc.) in a Set.

let mySet = new Set([10, 20, 30, 10]);

[Link](mySet); // Set(3) {10, 20, 30}

Set Methods
------------
| Method | Description | Example |
| --------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| `add(value)` | Adds a new element | `[Link](40)` |
| `delete(value)` | Removes a specific element | `[Link](20)` |
| `has(value)` | Checks if a value exists | `[Link](30)` → `true` |
| `clear()` | Removes all elements | `[Link]()` |
| `size` | Returns total number of elements | `[Link]` → `3` |

Example
---------
let fruits = new Set();

[Link]("Apple");
[Link]("Banana");
[Link]("Mango");
[Link]("Apple"); // duplicate ignored

[Link](fruits); // Set(3) {"Apple", "Banana", "Mango"}

[Link]([Link]); // 3
[Link]([Link]("Banana")); // true

[Link]("Mango");
[Link](fruits); // Set(2) {"Apple", "Banana"}

Map
======
A Map is a collection of key–value pairs, just like an object —
but it offers better performance, order preservation, and allows any data type as a
key (not just strings or symbols).

let myMap = new Map();

[Link]("name", "Alice");
[Link]("age", 25);
[Link]("city", "London");

[Link](myMap);
// Map(3) {"name" => "Alice", "age" => 25, "city" => "London"}

set Methods
-----
| Method / Property | Description | Example
|
| ----------------- | ----------------------------------- |
------------------------------- |
| `set(key, value)` | Adds or updates a key-value pair | `[Link]("country",
"UK")` |
| `get(key)` | Returns the value for the given key | `[Link]("name")` →
`"Alice"` |
| `has(key)` | Checks if key exists | `[Link]("age")` →
`true` |
| `delete(key)` | Removes a key-value pair | `[Link]("city")`
|
| `clear()` | Removes all entries | `[Link]()`
|
| `size` | Returns total number of entries | `[Link]` → `3`
|

Example
-------
let user = new Map();

[Link]("id", 101);
[Link]("name", "John");
[Link]("role", "Tester");

[Link]([Link]("name")); // John
[Link]([Link]("role")); // true
[Link]([Link]); // 3

[Link]("role");
[Link]([Link]); // 2