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Rizal's Life in 19th Century Philippines

The document discusses the 19th century Philippines, focusing on the social structures, political landscape, economic context, and educational systems that shaped José Rizal's life and ideals. It outlines the hierarchical society dominated by Spaniards, with various classes including Insulares, Creoles, Mestizos, and the Indios at the base. Additionally, it describes the political governance under Spanish rule, detailing the roles of the Governor General and the judicial system.

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Marsila Kalimbaran
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16 views3 pages

Rizal's Life in 19th Century Philippines

The document discusses the 19th century Philippines, focusing on the social structures, political landscape, economic context, and educational systems that shaped José Rizal's life and ideals. It outlines the hierarchical society dominated by Spaniards, with various classes including Insulares, Creoles, Mestizos, and the Indios at the base. Additionally, it describes the political governance under Spanish rule, detailing the roles of the Governor General and the judicial system.

Uploaded by

Marsila Kalimbaran
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University-Sulu


COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Capitol Site, Latih, Patikul, Sulu,
7400

GEC 109
LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

Submitted by:
KALUANG, MARYJANE D.
BALDJI, HAMERTINA I.
TIKING, MARSAIDA
19th Century Philippines as Rizal’s context

objectives:

1. Analyze the social structures, political landscape, economic context, educational systems, and
Rizal’s life in his society.
2. value the importance of knowing how the Philippine’s social structure, political landscape,
economic context, and educational system impact on Rizal’s ideals and principles.

INTRODUCTION

The 19th century was a dynamic and creative age especially in the Europe and United States. During this
period, such as concepts as industrialism, democracy, and nationalism, triggered revolutionary changes
in science, technology, economics, and politics. These changes enabled men to achieve the heights of
prosperity and dignity.

SOCIAL STUCTURE

The pyramidal structure of the 19th century Philippines society favored the Spaniards.

Its apex was occupied by the spanish officials, peninsulares, (a Spaniard born in Spain) and the friars.

The middle class was consist of the following:

 Insulares- full blood Spaniard born in the Philippines.


 Creoles- They are the mix blood or combination of Spaniards and Filipinos.
 Mestizos- They are the mixed indigenous Filipinos.
Types: 1. Mestizo de Sangley- Mixed Chinese and Filipino ancestry.
2. Mestizo de Español-Mixed Spanish and Filipino ancestry.
3. Tornatras- a person of mixed Spanish, Chinese and Filipino ancestry.
 Illustrados- They were the middle class educated in Spanish, liberal and European nationalists
ideas.

The base of the pyramid was occupied by the Indios- the native indigenous people in the
Spanish America and Asia possessions.
Spaniard officials, Peninsulares,
Friars

Insulares, creoles, mestizos, illustrados

Indios

POLITICAL LANDSCAPE

The Spain governed the Philippines through the Ministro de Ultramar (Ministry of the Colonies) establish
in Madrid in 1863.

The government was divided into two:


1. Central Government in which the Executive and Judicial Branch resides.
2. Three minor sectors: Provincial Government, Municipal Government, City government.

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH


Governor General
appointed by the Spanish monarch (King of Spain) to head central administration in Manila. He was
king’s representative in all state and religious matters. He issued executive orders and proclamation and
had supervision, and disciplinary power over all the government officials. He was the commander-in-
chief in the Armed Forces of the Philippines. He had supreme authority in financial matters until 1784.

JUDICIAL BRANCH
Royal Audencia- the highest court in the land during the Spanish era.
Residencia- A special judicial court that investigates the performance of a Governor-General who was
about to be replaced.
Visita- the council of the indies in Spain sent a government official called the VISITADOR GENERAL to
observe conditions in the colony.

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