Student Learning Outcomes of AKU-EB HSSC Statistics Syllabus

Part I (Grade XI)

Cognitive Level1
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
1. Introduction to Statistics Students should be able to:
1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 describe statistics; *
1.1.2 describe uses of statistics and its importance in different fields; *
1.1.3 distinguish between: *
i. descriptive and inferential statistics
ii. statistic and parameter
iii. population and sample;
1.1.4 discuss the limitation of statistics; *

1.2 Statistical Data 1.2.1 describe primary and secondary data; *

1.2.2 explain the methods of collection of primary and secondary *
data;
1.2.3 describe the term, ‘questionnaire’; *
1.2.4 write the characteristics of a good questionnaire; *
1.2.5 construct a simple questionnaire using Google Forms or CA2
SurveyMonkey;
1.2.6 describe constant, variable, quantitative variable, discrete *
variable, continuous variable, qualitative variable;
1.2.7 distinguish between: *
i. constant and variable
ii. quantitative and qualitative variables
iii. discrete and continuous variables;

1
K = Knowledge, U = Understanding, A = Application and other higher-order cognitive skills
2
CA= Classroom Activity, not to be assessed under examination conditions
Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 9
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
1.3 Measurement Scales 1.3.1 describe nominal scale, ordinal scale, cardinal scale, interval *
scale and ratio scale;
1.3.2 distinguish between: *
i. nominal and ordinal scale
ii. cardinal and ordinal scale
iii. interval and ratio scale.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 10

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
2. Presentation of Statistical Data Students should be able to:
2.1 Frequency Distribution 2.1.1 describe tabulation and its classification (one way and two way *
classifications);
2.1.2 describe class interval, tally marks/ frequency, upper class *
limit/ boundary, lower class limit/ boundary, class mark, class
width;
2.1.3 construct a frequency distribution table for discrete data; *
2.1.4 construct a frequency distribution table for continuous data; *
2.1.5 calculate relative frequency, less than cumulative frequency *
and more than cumulative frequency;
2.1.6 interpret relative frequency, less than cumulative frequency *
and more than cumulative frequency;
2.1.7 construct stem and leaf diagram for: *
i. one set of data
ii. two sets of data (back to back);

2.2 Graphical Representation 2.2.1 draw simple bar chart, multiple bar chart, components/ *
subdivided bar chart and pie chart;
2.2.2 draw histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, *
cumulative frequency polygon, cumulative frequency curve;
2.2.3 solve problems related to SLOs 2.2.1 and 2.2.2; *

2.3 Types of Frequency Curves or 2.3.1 distinguish between the following types of frequency curves or *
Distributions distributions:
i. symmetrical distribution
ii. skewed distribution.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 11

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
3. Measures of Location Students should be able to:
3.1 Central Tendency 3.1.1 describe average and its types; *

3.2 Arithmetic Mean 3.2.1 describe arithmetic mean and weighted arithmetic mean *
3.2.2 calculate the arithmetic mean for ungrouped and grouped data *
using formulas;
3.2.3 calculate the weighted arithmetic mean; *
3.2.4 describe the following properties of arithmetic mean: *
i. if X = a (a is constant), then X = a
ii. if Y = X  a, then Y = X  a
iii. if Y = bX, then Y = b X
X X 1
iv. if Y = , then Y = or Y = ( X )
a a a
3.2.5 apply the properties mentioned in SLO 3.2.4 to solve related *
problems;
3.2.6 describe advantages and disadvantages of using arithmetic
mean; *

3.3 Geometric Mean 3.3.1 describe geometric mean and its formula; *
3.3.2 calculate the geometric mean for ungrouped and grouped data *
by using its
i. definition
ii. logarithm;

3.4 Harmonic Mean 3.4.1 describe harmonic mean and its formula; *
3.4.2 calculate the harmonic mean for ungrouped and grouped data; *

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 12

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
3.5 Relationship between Arithmetic 3.5.1 write the relationship between arithmetic mean, geometric mean *
Mean, Geometric Mean and and harmonic mean;
Harmonic Mean 3.5.2 verify the relationship between arithmetic mean, geometric *
mean and harmonic mean for a given data;

3.6 Median and Quantiles 3.6.1 describe median and quantiles (quartiles, deciles and *
percentiles);
3.6.2 calculate median, quartiles, deciles and percentiles for *
ungrouped and grouped data;
3.6.3 write the merits and demerits of median; *
3.6.4 estimate median and quartiles through the cumulative
*
frequency curve;
3.6.5 draw (and interpret) ‘stem and leaf diagram’ and ‘box and
*
whisker plot’;
3.6.6 solve problems based on the ‘stem and leaf diagram’ and ‘box *
and whisker plot’

3.7 Mode 3.7.1 define mode; *

3.7.2 calculate the mode for ungrouped and grouped data; *
3.7.3 write the merits and demerits of mode; *
3.7.4 estimate mode through histogram and stem and leaf diagram; *

3.8 Empirical Relationship between 3.8.1 write the empirical relationship between arithmetic mean, *
Mean, Median and Mode median and mode;
3.8.2 apply empirical relationship mentioned in SLO 3.8.1 to solve *
related problems.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 13

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
4. Measure of Dispersion, Skewness and
Students should be able to:
Kurtosis
4.1 Dispersion 4.1.1 describe dispersion of data; *

4.2 Range 4.2.1 define range and semi range; *

4.2.2 describe the range for ungrouped and grouped data; *

4.3 Quartile Deviation 4.3.1 describe interquartile range, quartile deviation (semi- *
interquartile range ) and coefficient of quartile deviation;
4.3.2 find the interquartile range, quartile deviation (semi *
interquartile range) and coefficient of quartile deviation for
ungrouped and grouped data;

4.4 Mean Deviation 4.4.1 describe mean deviation and coefficient of mean deviation *
from mean, median and mode;
4.4.2 find the mean deviation and coefficient of mean deviation from *
mean, median and mode for ungrouped and grouped data;

4.5 Variance and Standard Deviation 4.5.1 describe variance, standard deviation and coefficient of *
variation;
4.5.2 calculate variance and standard deviation for ungrouped data *
by using formulas:
x x  (x − x)
2 2 2

variance :  2
= −  or  2 =
n  n  n
 

x x
2 2

standard deviation :  = −  or
n  n 
 

 (x − x )
2

 = ;
n

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 14

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
4.5.3 calculate variance and standard deviation for grouped data by *
using formulas:
 fx   fx   f (x − x )
2 2
2

variance :  2
= −  or  2 =
f f 
  f
 fx   fx 
2 2

standard deviation :  = −  or
f f 
 

 f (x − x )
2

 =
f
4.5.4 calculate the coefficient of variation for ungrouped and *
grouped data;
4.5.5 solve problems related to variance, standard deviation and *
coefficient of variation;
4.5.6 describe the following properties of variance and standard *
deviation:
i. S.D. (a) = 0 and Var (a) = 0
ii. S.D. (X + a) = S.D. (X) and Var (X +a) = Var (X)
iii. S.D. (X – a) = S.D. (X) and Var (X –a) = Var (X)
iv. S.D. (aX) = a S.D. (X) and Var (aX) = a 2 Var (X)
 X  1 X  1 
v. S.D.  =  S.D( X ) and Var   =  2 Var ( X )
 a  a  a  a 
4.5.7 solve problems using formulas in SLO 4.5.6; *

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 15

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
4.6 Moments 4.6.1 write the formula of moments about arithmetic mean and *
origin;
4.6.2 calculate to interpret moments about arithmetic mean and *
origin for ungrouped data;

4.7 Symmetry and Skewness of a 4.7.1 describe symmetry; *

Distribution 4.7.2 explain the following properties of a symmetrical distribution: *
i. mean = median = mode
ii. third quartile – median = median – first quartile
iii. all odd ordered moments about mean vanish
4.7.3 describe the skewness of a distribution (positive or negative); *
4.7.4 find the coefficient of skewness using Karl Pearson’s formulas; *
4.7.5 interpret the coefficient of skewness; *
4.7.6 solve problems related to coefficient of skewness and *
symmetry;

4.8 Kurtosis 4.8.1 describe kurtosis and its types; *

4.8.2 calculate coefficient of kurtosis to decide whether a
symmetrical distribution is Platykurtic, Mesokurtic or *
Leptokurtic;
4.8.3 solve problems related to kurtosis. *

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 16

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
5. Index Numbers Students should be able to:
5.1 Introduction to Index Numbers 5.1.1 describe index number and its types (price index, quantity *
index and aggregate index number);
5.1.2 write the uses of index numbers; *
5.1.3 describe the steps involved in the construction of whole sale *
price index numbers;
5.1.4 write the limitations of index numbers; *
5.1.5 describe the following properties of index numbers: *
p
if I a , b = b , then
pa
p
i. Ia , a = a = 1
pa
p
ii. Ia ,b = b
pa
1
Ia ,b =
pa
pb
1
Ia ,b =
Ib , a
pb pc p
iii. I a , b  Ib , c  Ic , d =   d
pa pb pc
pd
I a , b  Ib , c  Ic , d =
pa
I a , b  Ib , c  Ic , d = p a , d

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 17

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
where: p a , p b , p c and p d are the prices of a commodity in
the years a, b, c and d respectively. I a , b is in ratio and not a
percentage. The factor 100 is neglected to avoid confusion.
5.1.6 solve problems related to the properties mentioned in SLO *
5.1.5 of index number;

5.2 Simple Relatives or Simple Index 5.2.1 describe simple index numbers; *
Numbers 5.2.2 distinguish between simple and composite price index *
numbers;
5.2.3 calculate simple price index numbers by using: *
i. fixed base method
ii. chain base method;

5.3 Unweighted Index Numbers 5.3.1 describe the two methods of constructing unweighted index *
numbers:
i. simple aggregate or aggregative method
ii. simple average of relatives method;
5.3.2 calculate composite price index numbers by using the method *
of simple aggregate or aggregative method; *

5.4 Weighted Index Numbers 5.4.1 describe the two methods of constructing weighted index *
numbers:
i. weighted aggregate method
ii. weighted average of relatives method;
5.4.2 calculate weighted aggregative composite price index numbers *
by using:
i. Laspeyre’s formula
ii. Paasche’s formula
iii. Fisher’s formula.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 18

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
6. Regression and Correlation Students should be able to:
6.1 Simple Linear Regression 6.1.1 describe independent variable (regressor) and dependent *
variable (regressand);
6.1.2 define regression; *
6.1.3 describe scatter diagram; *
6.1.4 draw scatter diagram to discuss the nature of the data; *
6.1.5 describe simple linear regression and its coefficient; *
6.1.6 describe the method of least squares line of regression; *
6.1.7 apply the method of least squares to fit a regression line of Y on *
X and X on Y;
6.1.8 interpret regression coefficient; *
6.1.9 solve problems related to SLOs 6.1.3 to 6.1.8; *

6.2 Simple Linear Correlation 6.2.1 describe correlation; *

6.2.2 discuss the nature of correlation (positive correlation, negative *
correlation, non-linear correlation and no correlation);
6.2.3 distinguish between regression and correlation; *
6.2.4 describe correlation coefficient ‘r’(also called Pearson product- *
moment correlation coefficient);
6.2.5 calculate the coefficient of correlation by using the following *
formulas:
 XY − n X Y
  
i. r=
 X 2 − n X Y 2 − nY
2 2

n  XY − (  X )(  Y )
r=
n  X )  n Y − ( Y ) 
ii.
− ( X
2 2 2 2

iii. r = b  d (product of two regression coefficients );

6.2.6 write the properties of the coefficient of correlation; *

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 19

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
6.2.7 solve problems related to the coefficient of correlation. *

6.3 Rank Correlation 6.3.1 describe rank correlation; *

6.3.2 find the coefficient of rank correlation by using Spearman’s *
formula for rank correlation;
6.3.3 calculate the rank correlation for tied ranks. *

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 20

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
7. Time Series Analysis Students should be able to:
7.1 Concept of Time Series 7.1.1 describe time series; *
7.1.2 draw an historigram for a given data; *
7.1.3 describe the following components of a time series: *
i. secular trend
ii. seasonal variations
iii. cyclical fluctuations
iv. irregular movements;

7.2 Measurement of Secular Trend 7.2.1 define linear trend and trend values; *
7.2.2 explain the technique of coding the time variable; *
7.2.3 describe the following measurement of secular trend: *
i. the freehand curve method
ii. the method of semi-averages
iii. the method of moving averages
iv. the method of least squares;
7.2.4 find the trend values of a given data using the freehand curve *
method;
7.2.5 apply the semi-average method to find the trend values of a *
given data;
7.2.6 apply the moving average method to find the trend values of a *
given data;
7.2.7 apply the least squares method to measure linear and quadratic *
secular trend for estimating trend values.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 21

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
8. Vital Statistics Students should be able to:
8.1 Introduction to Vital Statistics 8.1.1 define vital events and vital statistics ; *
8.1.2 describe the sources of data, i.e. vital registration system, *
population census and sample survey;
8.1.3 describe the uses and limitations of vital statistics; *

8.2 Vital Ratios 8.2.1 distinguish between rates and ratios; *

8.2.2 write the formulae of sex ratio, child-women ratio and *
vital index (birth-death ratio);
8.2.3 solve problems related to the concepts mentioned in SLO 8.2.2; *

8.3 Mortality Rates 8.3.1 define mortality; *

8.3.2 describe the terms with the help of formulae, crude death rate, *
infant mortality rate, neo-natal mortality rate, still birth rate,
maternal death rate and specific death rates ( age-specific, sex-
specific and age-sex-specific);
8.3.3 solve problems related to the concepts mentioned in 8.3.2; *
8.3.4 describe the standardised death rate; *
8.3.5 apply the direct and indirect methods to find the standardised *
death rate for a given data.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 22

 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
9. Interpolation Students should be able to:
9.1 Introduction to Interpolation 9.1.1 identify arguments and entries in a given table of values *
(xi , yi ), i = 0,1, 2, ...n ;
9.1.2 distinguish between equally spaced and unequally spaced data; *
9.1.3 describe interpolation; *
9.1.4 define '  ' as a forward difference operator; *
9.1.5 describe  y, 2 y,  3 y, ......., n y, as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, ......... nth *
differences from the table of values (xi , yi ), i = 0,1, 2, ...n;
9.1.6 construct the forward difference table from a given equally *
spaced data;

9.2 Newton’s Forward Difference 9.2.1 describe the Newton’s forward difference interpolation *
Interpolation Formula formula;
9.2.2 apply the Newton’s forward difference interpolation formula to *
find the interpolating polynomial for a given equally spaced
data;
9.2.3 apply Newton’s forward difference formula to interpolate the *
value of y at a given x ;

9.3 Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula 9.3.1 describe Lagrange’s interpolation formula; *

9.3.2 apply Lagrange’s interpolation formula to find interpolating *
polynomial for a given equally spaced data;
9.3.3 apply Lagrange’s formula to interpolate the value of y at a *
given x.

NOTE: Linear programming is excluded from the examination syllabus, as it is being taught in HSSC II Mathematics.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 23

Scheme of Assessment
Grade XI

Table 1: Number of Student Learning Outcomes by Cognitive Level

Topic No. of SLOs

No. Topics Sub Topics Total
K U A
1. Introduction to Statistics 3 1 11 0 12

2. Presentation of Statistical Data 3 0 5 6 11

3. Measures of Location 8 10 3 13 26
Measure of Dispersion, Skewness and
4. 8 4 9 12 25
Kurtosis
5. Index Numbers 4 2 7 5 14

6. Regression and Correlation 3 2 10 7 19

7. Time Series Analysis 2 1 5 5 11

8. Vital Statistics 3 4 3 3 10

9. Interpolation 3 2 5 5 12

Total 37 26 58 56 140
Percentage 19 41 40 100

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 36

 Table 2: Exam Specifications

Topic
Topics Marks Distribution Total
No.
Marks
MCQs CRQs

1. Introduction to Statistics 4 4

Total 4 Marks
2. Presentation of Statistical Data 6 10
(1 CRQ)
Total 4 Marks
(1 CRQ)
3. Measures of Location 10 14
Choose any ONE from
TWO
Total 8 Marks
Measure of Dispersion, Skewness and (2 CRQs)
4. 10 18
Kurtosis Choose any TWO from
THREE
Total 4 Marks
5. Index Numbers 5 9
(1 CRQ)
Total 5 Marks
6. Regression and Correlation 5 10
(1 CRQ)
Total 4 Marks
7. Time Series Analysis 4 8
(1 CRQ)
Total 3 Marks
(1 CRQ)
8. Vital Statistics 4 7
Choose any ONE from
TWO
Total 3 Marks
9. Interpolation 2 5
(1 CRQ)
Total 50 35 85
Practical* 15
Total Marks 100

Aga Khan University Examination Board Statistics HSSC Syllabus 2022 37