The diagram below shows the process of growing and preparing pineapples and pineapple products.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The diagram illustrates the process involved in growing pineapples and preparing them for three different end
products.
Overall, the procedure consists of two main stages: the natural cultivation of pineapples and the industrial processing
of the harvested fruit into juice, canned pineapple, and exported fresh pineapples.
In the first stage, pineapple crowns are planted in rows, with a distance of 26 centimeters between each plant. They
require a warm climate with temperatures ranging from 23°C to 30°C. After around seven months of growth,
ethylene is applied to speed up the ripening process, which takes an additional five months. Fully developed
pineapples typically reach a height of 30 centimeters and weigh approximately 2 kilograms.
Once harvested, the pineapples are washed and sorted into three categories: small, medium, and large. The small
fruits are chopped and fed into an extractor to produce pineapple juice. Meanwhile, medium-sized pineapples have
their tops removed and skins peeled before being sliced into rings or chunks, which are then canned. The largest
pineapples undergo a simpler process; they are coated with wax to preserve freshness and then packed into crates
for export.
The diagram illustrates the series of steps through which chipboard is produced from wood and then used to
manufacture furniture.
Overall, the procedure is mainly mechanical and can be divided into two major stages. The first stage involves
preparing the raw wood with five steps, while there are also four steps in the second stage focuses on combining the
materials to form chipboard before producing finished furniture items.
The process begins with trees being cut down and trimmed into logs. These logs are then processed into wood chips,
which undergo a drying phase using steam and hot air for a duration of 24 hours. After drying, the chips are stored
for between one and four weeks to prepare them for the next phase.
During the production stage, the stored chips are mixed with glue and wax. This mixture is shaped in a mould and
then pressed to create solid chipboard sheets. In the final step, these sheets are used to build furniture, such as
tables and chairs.
The diagram illustrates the process by which used glass bottles are recycled.
Overall, it can be seen that the recycling procedure consists of three main stages, commencing with the collection of
discarded bottles and ending with newly produced bottles that are filled and distributed to supermarkets.
In the first stage, glass bottles are used by customers and then deposited at designated collection points. These
bottles are subsequently transported by trucks to a cleaning facility. At the next stage, the bottles are washed using
high-pressure water before being sorted into three categories according to colour, namely green, brown, and clear.
Following this, the sorted bottles are transferred to a glass factory, where they are crushed into small pieces and
heated in a furnace until they melt into liquid glass. This recycled liquid is then combined with new liquid glass and
poured into moulds to form new bottles. In the final stage, the finished bottles are filled, packaged, and delivered to
supermarkets, where they are ready for consumers.
The pictures illustrate the position of a volcano, and a village before and after a volcanic
eruption.
The diagram below illustrates the carbon cycle in nature