Human Reproductive System
Grade 8A/B
It is found in females. There are two of it, one on
each side of the uterus. They connect the
.ovaries to the uterus
Fallopian Tube
• Extra facts:
• It is also known as ‘oviduct’ or ‘egg tube’.
• It is lined with tiny hairs called ‘cilia’ which
help to move the egg through it to the uterus.
• Fertilization of the egg by the sperm takes
place in it.
It is found in females. There are two of it,
one at the upper end of each of the
fallopian tubes.
Ovaries
• Extra facts:
• The eggs it produces are called ‘ova’ or
‘ovum’.
• The female hormones it produces are called
oestrogen and progesterone.
• Women are born with hundreds of
undeveloped egg cells.
Uterus
It is found in females. There is one of it. At
the top it is connected to the lower end of
the fallopian tubes. Its lower part is called
the cervix and leads to the vagina.
Uterus
• Extra facts:
• It is also known as the ‘womb’
• It is a pear shaped muscular bag
• It has a soft lining called the endometrium
• In preparation for a fertilised egg it goes
through a series of monthly changes called the
‘menstrual cycle’.
Vagina
Its job (or function) is to receive the sperm
during intercourse. The sperm travel through
it to the cervix and up into the uterus and
onwards into the fallopian tubes.
Vagina
• Extra facts:
• It is a muscular tube
• The baby passes through it at birth
• It forms the ‘birth canal’ with the uterus and
the cervix.
Cervix
• Extra facts:
• It opens a small amount to permit passage
of menstrual flow
• It softens to allow sperm to travel through it
on its way to the fallopian tubes
• It dilates (open) widely during childbirth to
allow the baby to pass through.
Testes
It is found in males. There are two of it
in the scrotum; this is a bag of skin that
hangs below the abdomen.
Testes
• Its job (or function) is to produce sperm and
also testosterone which is the male hormone.
Sperm duct system
Sperm duct system
:Extra facts
The mixture of sperm cells and fluids is known-
’as ‘semen
The vas deferens is sometimes called the-
’‘sperm tube
help The prostate gland and the seminal vesicle-
.to produce the fluid for the sperm cells
Penis
• Extra facts:
• It close the exit from the bladder during
intercourse so that no urine is passed
• It become erect (rigid) before and during
intercourse
• It ‘ejaculate’ (discharge) sperm into the vagina.
The Menstrual Cycle
• The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days;
approximately 1 month.
– One cycle is the amount of time from the
beginning of one period to the beginning of the
next period.
• The beginning of a period is marked by the
release of the blood and lining from the inside
of the uterus.
– This flow of blood typically lasts 3-7 days and is
called menstruation.
The Menstrual Cycle
• After menstruation, the ovaries release hormones
that tell the uterus to grow a new lining and prepare
to receive a new egg.
• As the uterus prepares a new lining, one of the
ovaries releases an egg. This is called ovulation.
– Ovulation occurs about halfway through a
woman’s cycle.
• The egg travels through the Fallopian tube. If it is not
fertilized it breaks down and is released with the
lining and blood of the uterus.
Menstrual Cycle Timeline
The Menstrual Cycle and Fertilization
• If the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, the egg
will implant in the lining of the uterus and
begin to develop.
– Zygote: The first cells of a new organism; the time
from fertilization to implantation.
– Embryo: The zygote is called an embryo from
implantation to 8 weeks.
– Fetus: After 8 weeks of development, the embryo
is known as a fetus.
Twins
• Multiple eggs are released or there is more
than one ovulation. Both (or more) eggs are
fertilized and you have fraternal twins.
• One egg is released but splits in two.
Identical twins are made. If the egg does not
completely split in two, conjoined twins are
produced.
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