B. Sc. –[Link].

in Nanoscience and Technology

Part – I, Semester- II,
Title of the Paper:- ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Unit No Topics

Unit I Vector Analysis:

​ Introduction,
​ Del operator, gradient of scalar field and its
physical significance, divergence of vector field and
its physical significance,
​ curl of vector field and its physical significance, line
integral, surface integral, volume integral
(definitions only),
​ Statements of Gauss divergence theorem,
​ Stoke’s theorem and Green's symmetrical
theorem.
​ Problems.

Unit II Electrostatics:
​ Electrostatic Field, electric flux, Gauss's theorem
of electrostatics, Electric potential as line integral of
electric field, potential due to a point charge
​ electric dipole, uniformly charged spherical shell
and solid sphere, Calculation of electric field from
potential,
​ Capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor,
parallel plate, spherical and cylindrical condenser,
Energy per unit volume in electrostatic field,
​ Dielectric medium, Polarization vector,
Displacement vector,
​ Gauss's theorem in dielectrics, Parallel plate
capacitor completely filled with dielectric.
​ Electrostatic at nanoscale, Problems.

Unit III 1. A.C. Circuits:

​ Complex numbers and their application in solving
a. c. series LCR circuit using j operator and phasor
diagram.
​ Resonance in LCR series circuit, 15 Sharpness of
resonance (qualitative treatment only), Q-factor
(definition only),
​ Resonance in LCR Parallel circuit, complex
Impedance, Reactance, Admittance, and
Susceptance,
​ A.C. Bridge - Owen’s Bridge,
 ​ Memristor circuits at nanoscale,
​ Problems.
2. Electromagnetic Induction:
​ Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction,
​ Lenz's law, self and mutual inductance,
​ L of single coil, M of two coils,
​ Energy stored in magnetic field,
​ Problems.
3. Ballistic Galvanometer:
​ Construction and working of B. G.,
​ expression for charge flowing through ballistic
galvanometer,
​ Correction for damping in galvanometer,
​ Constants of ballistic galvanometer,
​ Problems.

Unit IV 1. Magnetism:
​ Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart's law & its
applications- straight conductor, circular coil,
solenoid carrying current,
​ Divergence and curl of magnetic field,
​ Magnetic vector potential,
​ Ampere's circuital law,
​ Problems.
2. Magnetic materials and their Properties:
​ Magnetic intensity, magnetic induction,
​ permeability, magnetic susceptibility.
​ Hysteresis and hysteresis curve,
​ diamagnetic, paramagnetic,
​ ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic
materials.
​ Introduction to spintronics,
​ Problems.

BOOK TO BE REFERRED: Purcell – Electricity & Magnetism

Title of the Paper:- CHEMICAL ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA &FUNCTIONAL

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Unit No. Topics

Unit I Chemical Energetic:

 ​Review of thermodynamics and the Laws of
Thermodynamics.
​Important principles and definitions of thermo-chemistry
​Concept of standard state and standard enthalpies of
formations, integral and differential enthalpies of solution
and dilution.
​Calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy
and resonance energy from thermochemical data.
​Variation of enthalpy of a reaction with temperature –
Kirchhoff’s equation.
​Introduction to nanoscale thermodynamics.
Chemical Equilibrium:
​Free energy change in a chemical reaction.
​Thermodynamic derivation of the law of chemical
equilibrium.
​Distinction between ΔG and ΔGo ,
​Le Chatelier’s principle.
​Relationships between Kp, Kc and Kx for reactions
involving ideal gases

Unit II Ionic Equilibria:

​Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of
ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization,
​ionization constant and ionic product of water.
​ Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale,
​ common ion effect.
​ Degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts.
​ Buffer solutions.
​Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts
​ – applications of solubility product principle.

Unit III Functional group approach for the following reactions

(preparations & reactions) to be studied in context to their
structure.
Aromatic hydrocarbons:
​Preparation (Case benzene): from phenol, by
decarboxylation, from acetylene, from benzenesulphonic
acid. Reactions:
​(Case benzene): Electrophilic substitution: nitration, 16
halogenation and sulphonation. Friedel-Craft’s reaction
(alkylation and acylation) (upto 4 carbons on benzene).
​Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzenes.
Alkyl and Aryl Halides Alkyl Halides (Upto 5 Carbons)
​Types of Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1 , SN2 and SNi )
 reactions.
​ Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols.
​Reactions. hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile &
isonitrile formation.
​ Williamson’s ethersynthesis: Elimination vs substitution.
Aryl Halides Preparation:
​(Chloro, bromo and iodo-benzene case): from phenol,
​Sandmeyer & Gattermann reactions.
​Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic
substitution (replacement by —OH group) and effect of
nitro substituent.
​Benzyne Mechanism: KNH2 H3 (or NaNH2, H3).
​Reactivity and Relative strength of C-Halogen bond in
alkyl, allyl, benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides.

Unit IV Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (Upto 5 Carbons)

Alcohols:
​Preparation: Preparation of 1°, 2°and 3°alcohols: using
Grignard reagent, Ester hydrolysis,
​Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and
esters.
​Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification,
oxidation (with PCC, alk. KMnO4, acidic dichromate,
conc. HNO3).
​Oppenheimer Oxidation Diols: (Upto 6 Carbons)
oxidation of diols.
​ Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Phenols:
​ Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method, from
diazonium salts.
​Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration,
halogenation and sulphonation.
​ReimerTiemann Reaction,
​ Gattermann-Koch Reaction,
​Schotten – Baumann Reaction.
Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic):
​ Cleavage of ethers with HI.
​Aldehydes and ketones (aliphatic and aromatic):
(Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and
benzaldehyde)
​ Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles.
Reactions — Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO3.
NH2-G 18 derivatives.
​Iodoform test. AldolCondensation, Cannizzaro’s
 reaction, Wittigreaction,
​Benzoin condensation.
​ Clemensen reduction and Wolff Kirchner reduction.
​MeerweinPondorff Verley reduction.
​Introduction to functionalization of nanomaterial

BOOK TO BE USED:McMurry – Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Title of the Paper: - CHEMICAL FOUNDATION OF LIFE SCIENCES

Unit No. TOPICS

Unit I UNIT I: UNDERSTANDING OF THE LIFE:

​The Chemical Foundation of Life
​Prelude to The Chemical Foundation of Life, Atoms,
Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules
​The Building Blocks, Water Biomolecules
(Compounds of Carbon with a Variety of Functional
Groups),
​Small Molecules of Cells, Macromolecules of Cells,
​ Organisms Transform Energy and Matter from Their
Surroundings Concept and characteristics of life,
​Elements of life systems

Unit II UNIT II: BIOMOLECULES OF LIFE-I:

Carbohydrates:
​Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides,
Classification.
​Introduction to: Structural Polysaccharides (Cellulose
and Chitin),
​Storage Polysaccharides (Starch and Glycogen),
​ Complex Polysaccharides (Glycosaminoglycans,
Glycoproteins, Proteoglycans)
Proteins:
​ Overview of amino acids and protein,
​Peptide bond,
​Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary
Structures.
​Fibrous protein, globular proteins.
​ Protein Stability,
​Protein folding and denaturation.
Unit III UNIT III: BIOMOLECULES OF LIFE-II:
Lipids:
​Lipid Classification, Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols,
​ Glycerophospholipids, Sphingolipids Cholesterol.
​ Storage Lipids, Lipids as Signals,
​ Cofactors, and Pigments.
Nucleic acids:
​Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
​Components of Nucleic acids,
​Nucleotides,
​Purines and Pyrimidines,
​Structure and types of nucleic acids,
​Nucleic acids as a Nano-technological template
Vitamins and Minerals:
​Importance and role of vitamins,
​Types of vitamins,
​water-soluble and fat soluble vitamins.
​Minerals,
​micro nutrients, macronutrients,
​roles and functions,
​ disorders of mineral deficiency.

Unit IV UNIT III: ENZYMES AND BIOPOLYMERS

Enzymes:
​Introduction and Functions Overview--proteins as
catalysts,
​Catalytic activity of enzymes,
​mechanism of catalysis, coenzymes,
​Enzyme characteristics and properties,
​Enzyme nomenclature/classification
Biopolymers
​Definition of biopolymers and types of biopolymers,
​ Definition of bioplastics and types of bioplastics.
​ Description of certain biopolymers like starch,
cellulose, chitosan, gelatin, alginate, keratin, fatty
acids, lipids, aliphatic polyesters (PLA, PHB)

BOOK TO BE USED:Lehninger – Principles of Biochemistry

Title of the Paper:- DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

 Unit No. TOPIC

Unit I ​First order exact differential equations.

​Integrating factors, rules to find an integrating factor.
​ First order higher degree equations solvable for x,
y, p

Unit II (A)Applications of differential equations:

​Newton’s law of Cooling, Kirchoff’s law of electrical
circuits, motion under gravity, simple harmonic
motion.
(B) Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
of first order and first degree:
​ Introduction,
​(ii) Solution by Picard's method,
​(iii) Taylor's series method,
​(iv) Euler's method,
​(v) Modified Euler's method,
​(vi) Runge-Kutta second and fourth order Method

Unit III ​Methods for solving higher-order differential

equations,
​Solving a differential equation by reducing its order
​Linear homogenous equations with constant
coefficients,
​Linear non-homogenous equations.

Unit IV ​The method of variation of parameters.

​The Cauchy-Euler equation, Simultaneous
differential equations,
​Order and degree of partial differential equations
​, Concept of linear and non-linear partial differential
equations,
​Formation of first order partial differential equations

Title of the Paper:- LINEAR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Unit No. TOPIC

Unit I Operational Amplifier (Black box approach):

​Difference amplifier, Block diagram of an Operational
 Amplifier,
​ Characteristics of an Ideal and Practical Operational
Amplifier (IC 741),
​Open and closed loop configuration,
​Frequency Response,
​CMRR and Slew Rate of Op-Amp.
Applications of Op-Amps:
​Inverting Amplifier with concept of Virtual Ground,
​Non-inverting Amplifier,
​ Voltage Follower,
​Summing and Difference
​Amplifier, Differentiator, Integrator, Comparator.

Unit II Number System and Codes:

​Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number
systems, base conversions.
​Representation of signed and unsigned numbers,
​BCD and ASCII codes.
​Binary and Hexadecimal arithmetic;
​addition, subtraction by 2’s complement method.
Logic Gates and Boolean algebra:
​Logic Gates- OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR and
XNOR.
​Positive and Negative logic,
​Universality of NAND and NOR gates,
​Basic postulates and fundamental theorems of
Boolean algebra,
​De Morgan’s Theorems,
​tristate gate.

Unit III Combinational Logic Analysis and Design:

​Standard representation of logic functions (SOP and
POS),
​Karnaugh map minimization techniques (up to 4
variables for SOP).
​Arithmetic Circuits: Binary Addition. Half and Full
Adder.
​Half and Full Subtractor,
​ 4-bit binary Adder/Subtractor. (4 Lectures)
​ Data processing circuits: Multiplexers,
De-multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders.

Unit IV Sequential Circuits:

​SR, D, and JK Flip-Flops.
 ​ Clocked (Level and Edge Triggered) Flip-Flops.
​ Preset and Clear operations.
​Race-around conditions in JK Flip-Flop. Master-slave
JK Flip-Flop.
​Digital Logic Families: Logic levels,
​propagation delay time, power dissipation,
​fan‐out and fan‐in, noise margin,
​logic families and their characteristics- DTL, TTL,
CMOS and ECL.

BOOK TO BE USED: Malvino & Leach – Digital Principles and

Applications