CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In an era where financial education is increasingly recognized as a critical

component of personal development, understanding the dynamics of youth spending

in the context of rising prices becomes essential. Essential products including food,

transportation, and utilities are becoming more expensive due to inflation (Broom,

2021). According to The World Bank’s (2022) international financial literacy survey

reported that only 25% of adult Filipinos are familiar with basic financial concepts.

Poor money management can result from this lack of financial literacy, which makes

it more difficult for people to successfully deal with inflation and growing expenses.

The necessity for better financial education programs nationwide is highlighted by the

fact that a lack of financial education frequently leads to wasteful spending, higher

debt, and difficulties saving for future requirements.

Furthermore, on the reports of Philippine Statistics Authority, or PSA, the

Philippines’ overall inflation increased to 2.3 percent in October 2024 from 1.9

percent in September 2024. A rise in inflation reduces consumer purchasing power

and raises the cost of necessities like food, transportation, and utilities. These

adjustments have an effect on household budgets, especially for lower-income groups,

who have to modify their spending patterns to keep up with the rising cost of living.

This is especially relevant for young consumers, such as junior high school learners,

who are still developing their financial skills and understanding.

In recent years, rising prices have emerged as a significant concern for

consumers worldwide, fundamentally altering how people manage their resources and

adjust their spending patterns. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among

1
young consumers, such as junior high school students, who often operate under tight

budgets and face increasing costs associated with their daily needs and wants. While

much of the existing research on inflation and consumer spending behavior has

primarily focused on adults, there is a growing interest in understanding how younger

individuals adapt to these economic changes and challenges.

This study not only seeks to shed light on the specific challenges faced by

junior high school students but also aims to equip educators and stakeholders with the

knowledge necessary to develop targeted interventions and educational programs. By

fostering greater financial awareness and competence among young people, we can

better prepare them to navigate future economic challenges, making informed

decisions that will benefit them throughout their lives.

This study specifically concentrates on junior high school students, aiming to

explore how the phenomenon of rising prices influences their spending patterns and

decision-making processes. As these learners navigate their formative years, they

encounter various financial limitations and pressures that can significantly shape their

financial behavior. Understanding how their purchasing habits evolve in response to

inflationary pressures is crucial not only for grasping their individual experiences but

also for recognizing broader economic trends affecting young consumers.

Additionally, the research will consider a range of factors that may influence

these students' spending behaviors, such as age, and grade level. Each of these

elements plays a vital role in shaping how young learners approach financial decision-

making. For instance, students in different grade levels may possess varying degrees

of financial literacy, impacting their ability to budget effectively and prioritize their

2
needs. Similarly, family income levels can dictate the resources available to students,

further complicating their responses to inflation.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. Identify the learner’s profile most affected by rising prices.

2. Analyze how rising prices influence learners' spending choices.

3. Examine how rising prices affect the overall spending patterns and

purchasing habits of Junior High School learners.

Theoretical Framework

This theoretical framework provides support to the present study on

determining the relationship between increased prices and spending behaviors of the

junior high school learners. It draws on established theories to explore the relationship

between increased prices and spending behaviors, emphasizing the financial decisions

made by adolescents within their limited resources. By applying relevant theoretical

concepts, this framework offers a structured lens to analyze how learners adapt their

spending priorities in response to rising prices, shedding light on broader behavioral

and economic patterns.

This study is guided by the Behavioral Economics Theory (1980). People

make decisions about money and resources, not just based on logic, but also on

emotions, habits, and how they perceive situations. According to this theory, people

often act differently because of factors like stress, peer pressure, or lack of

information. They might spend money impulsively on something they want

immediately, even if it means they can’t afford something more important later

(Clark, 1918)

3
 This theory helps explain why learners, who may not fully understand

budgeting or saving, might spend their limited money in ways that are influenced by

their emotions or their environment. It shows how factors like rising prices or peer

influences can shape their spending patterns in ways that don’t always seem logical

but are very human.

Conceptual Framework

The study’s conceptual framework presents the pathway of the study. This

study aims to identify the learner’s profile most affected by rising prices, analyze how

rising prices influence learners' spending choices, and examine how rising prices

affect the overall spending patterns and purchasing habits of Junior High School

learners. An action will be proposed to adapt with this rising price environment.

Insights into how

Analyze and rising prices affect
Identify factors examine the learners' overall
such as: Sex,Age, relationship spending pattern,
and Socioeconomic between rising and propose
Status. prices and recommendations
spending pattern for financial
education

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

The Present Study

This study conducted by the researchers is titled “Correlational Study on

Increased Prices and Spending Patterns In Junior High School Learners” aims to

identify the learner’s profile most affected by rising prices, analyze how rising prices

influence the learners' spending choices, and examine how rising prices affect the

overall spending patterns and purchasing habits of Junior High School learners as it

4
reduces the learners’ stress in spending. Through this study, it will determine the

factors that affects the learners spending pattern. As the researchers identify the

learners most affected by the rising prices the researchers can easily trace the learner’s

location to analyze on how they are being affected by the rising prices and can lead to

finding the solution of the common habit.

5
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Review Related Literature

The researcher's recent study connects to the article entitled "Investigating

Consumer Behavior Changes in Response to Fuel Price Fluctuations Among

Employees in Parañaque City, Philippines". According to the study, employees in

Parañaque City, Philippines, who participated in a study examining how consumer

behavior changes in reaction to fuel price fluctuations, concurred that these price

changes have an impact on their daily activities and mental health. Their motivation to

engage with others is affected, and they experience anxiety and tension, particularly

when it comes to creating a budget.

Additionally, the respondents overwhelmingly agreed that shifting fuel prices

have an impact on their spending patterns, altering how they use their funds for both

personal and daily necessities. The respondents did, however, firmly believe that

fluctuations in fuel prices had an impact on their spending patterns since they alter

their purchasing power when fuel prices rise or fall. When the consumer behavior

responses are categorized by demographic profile, such as age, sex, occupational

level, number of family members, monthly income, and method of transportation, the

results show no discernible variations. However, the p-value for mental health is 0.03

and less than 0.05, which indicates that there is a significant difference between

consumer behavior responses in terms of mental health when grouped according to

the demographic profile when it comes to monthly income. As a result, the researcher

decided to reject the null hypothesis. All three of these elements have an impact on

6
how consumers behave when fuel costs change, but the results show that daily

activities and mental health have the most effects (Guerrero et al, 2023).

The researchers' present study and the one on consumer behavior in Parañaque

City are similar since they both look at how price rises impact spending habits.

Similar to how workers modify their spending plans in reaction to changes in fuel

prices, learners may likewise alter their spending patterns in response to growing

prices for necessities. Both studies also emphasize how financial stress affects

decision-making psychologically. Despite having different focus, both studies shed

light on how people adjust to changes in the economy.

Additionally, another article entitled "Validation of the food inflation impact

on consumer behavior scale: A comparative measurement instrument with focus on

food security", compared to secure to mildly insecure people, those who were

moderately to severely food insecure showed a higher inflation impact score on

factors related to food consumption patterns, food shopping behaviors, and food

purchasing motives in a study on the impact of food inflation on consumer behavior.

The IFI-ConB inflation impact score and the price motive for food choice were found

to be positively correlated. Price was the main factor influencing food choice for those

who were moderately to severely food insecure, whereas health was the main factor

for those who were secure to mildly insecure. The results show that people who are

food insecure are more impacted by rising food inflation than people who are food

secure. (Haydaroğlu, M., & Bilgiç, P., 2024)

In the same way that food-insecure people adjust their consumption, shopping,

and purchasing decisions due to inflation, junior high school learners may also alter

their spending habits in response to rising prices of necessities. The study also shows

7
how price becomes the primary factor in decision-making for those who are

experiencing financial constraints, which is in line with the researchers' study in

understanding how learners prioritize their expenses in the midst of price increases.

Therefore, both studies look at how rising prices affect spending patterns.

In recent years, technological advancements in the IT&C industry have

resulted in an exponential expansion in the number of mobile terminals, such as

smartphones, as well as the speed of data transmission, paving the way for the

intensification of online commerce. Savin's research focuses on online consumer

behavior as influenced by a variety of external factors such as rising prices and a

shortage of goods following COVID-19 and during wars to determine what changes

have occurred in the consumer's decision-making process. The limits of the COVID-

19 epidemic have resulted in broad adoption of online commerce, forcing traditional

businesses to consider in terms of "digital" and "online," change their operating

systems, and increase their presence on the internet and social media channels. Also,

supply chain interruptions, the container crisis, and rising energy resource prices

resulted in a shortage of commodities and higher pricing. The current global

difficulties pose a challenge for both advertisers and consumers. Both sides face these

obstacles and must adjust to these changes: advertisers must learn what impacts

consumers in the online world in order to adapt and be able to survive in this

competitive context, and consumers must reconsider how they make decisions when

they purchase. The findings demonstrated that disruptive factors alter this process

nearly entirely and that when significant occurrences like the ones listed above take

place, consumer behavior adjusts and changes (Savin et al., 2022)

8
 The study "Online Consumer Behavior Influenced by Rising Prices and

Shortage of Goods after COVID-19 and During Wartime" shows how changes in

consumer behavior are caused by outside variables like supply chain interruptions and

economic crises. Similar to how Savin's research demonstrates how consumers are

forced to alter their purchasing options due to price rises and product shortages, the

researchers' study seeks to comprehend how rising prices impact learners' financial

choices. Although Savin's research focuses on online shopping, its conclusions about

how consumers adjust to economic challenges offer important new information about

how people, including learners, modify their spending in response to financial

limitations.

Review Related Study

Over the past year, consumers worldwide have seen rises in the cost of living,

including food and energy, with annual inflation rates in some countries rising to 10%

or higher. At the time of our analysis, in August 2022, the annual inflation rate for

food prices in the European Union was 10.4% (EuropeanUnion, 2022). Concerns

concerning vulnerable consumer groups and their ability to handle daily costs for

housing, food, and heating have grown as a result of the price increase, which was the

largest in over two decades (Causa et al., 2022). Reduced purchasing power, a loss of

savings, and social unrest are all consequences of high inflation rates, which can also

have an impact on the stability of the economy and the welfare of the populace

(Petersen, 2023)

Learners may find it challenging to manage their limited financial resources as

rising prices lowers purchasing power and puts pressure on household budgets. In line

with the researchers' study on how price increases affect learners' spending habits, the

9
European study "A cost-of-living squeeze? Distributional implications of rising

inflation" shows the wider economic effects of rising prices, such as decreased

savings and social unrest. By evaluating rising prices' influence on different consumer

groups, this research gives insights that help the researchers' knowledge of financial

behavior in reaction to rising expenses.

Some consumers have changed their food choices and consumption habits as a

result of the significant pressure caused by the 2022 rise in food prices. The

researchers asked 1000 German customers to self-report the degree of their

adjustments between the beginning of 2022 and November 2022 as part of an online

survey to better understand how consumers were reacting to rising food prices. The

items that were inquired were compiled into three factors using a principal component

analysis, and these components were then utilized for a cluster analysis.

Sociodemographic and psychographic factors, including locus of control, life

satisfaction, optimism, pessimism, human values, and food values, were used to

characterize the developing clusters. About 28% of the sample’s respondents fall into

the group that seems to be most impacted by rising food prices, and they are

distinguished by their great commitment to conserving money. Because they earn less

money and are less likely to be fully employed, these customers are more pessimistic

and less content with their life. It is necessary to create policy and communication

strategies that help these customers regain stability and boost their self-confidence in

the future (Hempel, 2023).

The researchers' current study and the study on consumer segmentation and

characterization brought on by increased food costs both look at how price rises affect

consumer buying patterns. The German study "A segmentation and characterization

10
of consumers affected by rising food prices" found that customers, especially those

with lower incomes who emphasized cost-saving methods, changed their buying

patterns and food preferences in reaction to economic pressure. Similarly, the

researchers' recent study investigates how junior high school learners react to price

increases and how they can change their purchasing habits on essentials. Furthermore,

both research shows the psychological impacts of financial stress, demonstrating how

financial difficulties can affect general wellbeing and judgment.

11
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study determines the increased prices and spending patterns in learners.

This research study adopted correlational research design investigating the

relationship between the rising prices and spending behavior of the Junior High

School Learners. Correlational projects involve a larger sample size, and focus on the

quantity of responses. The study examined the demographics variables of sex,

socioeconomic status and grade level that was used for classifying to identify these

factors of influence spending behavior. The study of this research aims to have an

investigation of the relationship between rising prices and spending behavior

providing a clear structure to address systematically. In this study, the researcher used

a purposive sampling method to secure all the respondents across all grade levels and

sections to have a representation. All selected students were chosen based on their

willingness to participate in this survey, and all the required data information were

generated with the use of survey questionnaires

The Respondents

12
 The participants in this research study consisted of Junior High School

Learners at St. Michael’s High School Inc, Gandara, Samar. A total of 50 learners

were purposively selected, encompassing Grades 7 to 10, with two sections chosen for

each grade level. Each section from Grades 7 to 9 included six respondents, while

Grade 10 featured seven respondents from both sections. All participants completed

the survey questionnaires distributed by the researcher, ensuring a comprehensive

collection of data for the study.

Research Instrument

The researchers used survey questionnaire as the primary instrument for data

collection. The questionnaire was divided into four sections to gather the necessary

information. Section one collects demographic details from the respondents, including

age, gender, and grade level, and has been designed by the researchers for this

purpose. Section two explores the respondents' awareness of rising prices, while

section three examines their spending habits and how they have adjusted to the

increasing costs. Section four focuses on the effects of respondents' purchasing

decisions and how these choices influence their overall spending. To ensure the

questionnaire was aligned with the study’s objectives, certain items were revised to

better address the research questions. The researchers incorporated feedback,

including comments and suggestions, to refine the instrument. The questionnaire

undergone revisions until the final version was ready for use in the study.

Data Collection Procedure

Procedure in the initial phase of the research process, the researchers formally

submitted a letter of communication to the Sister Principal, seeking approval to

13
proceed with the study. Upon receiving approval, the researcher then conducted a

personal survey, ensuring that it was distributed to the selected respondents. After the

participants have completed the survey, the researcher collected the completed

questionnaires for further analysis. Once the data has been collected, the researcher

proceeds with the interpretation and analysis of the responses. This process involved

reviewing the answers to identify patterns, trends, and insights that align with the

objectives of the research. The researchers ensured that all responses are carefully

examined to maintain the integrity and validity of the study. Following the

organization of the data, the researcher applied appropriate statistical methods to

perform further analysis. These statistical techniques helped to provide a more

comprehensive understanding of the findings and allow for a more accurate

interpretation of the results. The application of these methods enhanced the reliability

of the research outcomes and ensured that the data was analyzed rigorously.

Data Analysis

The data gathered was subjected to different measures such as frequency

count, ranking and mean. Occurrence count and mean were used to establish the

strategies in this research study, purposive sampling was utilized in identifying the

sample size.

14
 CHAPTER IV

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

The researchers interpreted the survey form answered by the respondents to

correlate the increased prices and spending patterns. The researchers thoroughly

interpreted each item from each section in the survey which consist of 5 sections.

Section 1: Demographic information

Age 11-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21

Frequency 16 26 8

Percentage 32% 52% 16% 0 0

Table 1: Distribution of respondents according to age

Male 14 28%
Female 36 72%
Total 50 100%

Table 2: Distribution of respondents according to gender

Grade Level 7 8 9 10
Frequency 12 11 11 16
Percentage 24% 22% 22% 32%

Table 3: Distribution of respondents according to grade level

To fully analyze on how rising prices affect spending patterns of the learners,

the researchers decided to use correlational coefficient in which they will correlate

each section. Section 2: Awareness and Perception of Rising Prices and section 3:

Spending patterns and adjustments and the researchers will interpret the impact in

section 4: Impact on Consumption Choices.

15
 The researchers utilized the correlation coefficient formula in which the

researchers may use to find the relationship between rising prices and spending

pattern. If the outcome of using correlation coefficients formula is zero, then the two

has no correlational at all, but if ever the result is more than one then it has a

correlation.

X 11 32 7 0
Percentage 22% 64% 14% 0
Y 21 16 13 0
Percentage 42% 32% 26% 0

Table 4: results of x (section 2, item 1) and y (section 3 item 1)

x= 11- Very well informed

32- Well informed

7- Moderately informed

0-Not informed at all

y= 21- Significant adjustments

16- Moderately adjustments

13- Minor adjustments

0- No adjustments

Most of the learners were aware of rising prices, 11 learners were very well

informed with the rising prices almost 22% of the all respondents in which they can

see the difference it through television, articles, radio, etc. While 64% of all the

respondents were well informed having the most number of 32 respondents answered

the well informed for a reason most of them are so much busy to always monitor it

having not much of interest., and lastly having 7 respondents of moderately informed

or 14% being the lowest rate.

16
 Seeing that most of the respondents are informed of the price changes 21

(42%) of the respondents have significantly adjusted in where they switch the product

they used to buy into cheaper ones. 16 (32%) of the respondents moderately adjusted

believing that even how expensive the thing is as long as it has a better quality that

buying cheaper products but not worth it. While 13 (26%) of the respondents had only

minor adjustments living with the comfortable life they used to be.

X 34 5 3 4 4
Percentage 68% 10% 6% 8% 8%
Y 15 17 10 6 2
Percentage 30% 34% 20% 12% 4%

Table 5: results of x (section 2, item 2) and y (section 3, item 2)

x= 34- Food and Snacks

5- Transportation

3- School Supplies

4- Clothing

4- Other: _____

y=15- Buying cheaper alternatives

17- Reducing spending on non-essential items (load, make up, beauty accessories,
etc.)

10- Bringing food from home instead of buying at school

6- Walking instead of using transportation

2- Others: _____

34 of the respondents noticed the increasing price in terms of foods and snack

which is the most common product being consumed every day and can be notice

easily by combining the recent to the present price. Second is the transportation which

changes its price only if the government allow them to. And the others are school

supplies, clothing, and etc. with an overall respondent of 11.

17
 In order to adapt with the new prices, the respondents have to adjust with their

spending patterns. 15 of the respondents changes their products into buying cheaper

alternatives which is the most common strategy to fit with the budget they’ve secure.

17 respondents stopped buying non-essential things (make up, load, etc.) to buy the

things that they really need. 10 of the students change their spending pattern instead

of buying from school, they just bring food from home for less expenses. And 6 of the

respondents who are living near to the school chooses to walk instead of using

transportation for less expenses.

X 14 16 12 8
Percentage 28% 32% 24% 16%
Y 23 6 6 15
Percentage 46% 12% 12% 30%

Table 6: results of x (section 2, item 3) and y (section 3, item 3)

x= 14- Extremely

16- Significantly

12- Moderately

8- A little

y= 23- Finding affordable alternatives

6- Cutting down on things I enjoy

6- Limited options available

15- Budgeting with a small allowance

Though the rising prices is avoidable by buying less expensive products still

most of the consumers are having a hard time to adjust. 14 of the respondents are

extremely affected by the rising prices that limits their ability to buy their needs. 16

are significantly affected but still adjusting with the rising prices. 12 of them are

moderately affected and 8 are slightly affected.

18
 To be able to adapt with the rising prices in the market, most of the

respondents needs to make choices. 23 of the respondents finds other affordable

alternatives that can meet its expectation by choosing same quality but different in

prices. 12 of the respondents cut downs the things they want to purchase and limiting

the options they need to buy. While 15 of the respondents learned how to budget a

small allowance they have.

X 9 20 17 4
Percentage 18% 40% 34% 8%
Y 10 11 27 2
Percentage 20% 22% 54% 4%

Table 7: results of x (section 2, item 4) and y (section 3, item 4)

x= 9- Very well informed

20- Well informed

17- Moderately informed

4- Not informed at all

y=10- Always

11- Often

27- Sometimes

2- A little

According to the gathered data in terms of being informed behind the

increasing price, 18% said to be very well informed but the majority which is ranging

to 40% of the respondents is not too very well informed just well informed because of

the news from television, articles, and social media. However, 34% of the respondents

are moderate informed and 4% are not informed at all.

By being informed with the recent prices the researchers found out the

adapting behavior of the respondents because of the increased price, the respondent

19
have change their to buy cheaper products. 20% of the respondents said they have

been always looking for cheaper alternatives. 22% of the respondents often choose

cheaper product and majority which is 54% are only sometimes choosing cheaper

ones depend on its quality and the less 4% does not really look for cheaper products.

X 15 18 14 3
Percentage 30% 36% 28% 6%
Y 3 5 4 38
Percentage 6% 10% 8% 76%

Table 8: results of x (Section 2, item 5) and y (Section 3, item 5)

x= 15- Extremely

18- Significantly

14- Moderately

3- A little

y= 3- I have less and spend more

5- I have a stricter budget

4- I ask for more allowance or help from family

38- I avoid unnecessary purchases

As the researchers analyze the gathered data, the researchers found out that

almost 30% of the respondents extremely believe that the rising prices will continue

to impact their spending habits in the near future, while 36% of the respondents

significantly believe, 28% moderately believe, and 6% are a little.

Rising prices is one of the reasons why most of the respondents manage their

spending pattern to be able to adapt. 6% of the respondents save less and spend more,

10% has set a stricter budget, 8% of our respondents ask for more allowance or help

from their parents, and the majority of 76% decided to avoid unnecessary purchases.

20
 The collected data supports Behavioral Economics Theory by showing that

psychological, social, and cognitive factors have an impact on learners' financial

decisions rather than just solely rational calculations. Bounded rationality, in which

people base their decisions on a limited amount of knowledge and cognitive capacity,

is shown in the respondents' differing degrees of awareness regarding rising prices.

Loss aversion is exhibited by many learners, who prefer to reduce non-essential

spending or switch to less expensive options in order to reduce perceived financial

losses. Respondents use heuristics, or mental shortcuts, to make decisions easier

rather than closely examining each purchase, such as bringing food from home rather

than buying it at school or selecting goods based on quality and price.

Furthermore, the research indicates that social influence shapes financial

behavior because many learners model their spending patterns after those of others,

such as walking to school rather than taking public transit. Prospect theory, which

holds that people modify their behavior in response to expected financial difficulties,

is also reflected in the anticipation that growing prices would continue to have an

impact on future spending patterns. All things considered, the study demonstrates that

learners' financial decisions are influenced by a mix of incomplete knowledge,

psychological biases, social norms, and future expectations rather than merely rational

evaluations of income and expenses, which is consistent with behavioral economics

theory.

21
 CHAPTER V

Conclusion and Recommendations

Conclusion

The findings of this research study indicate that inflation has significant

effects on junior high school learners. Due to price inflation, the respondents reduce

their purchasing behavior. These financial limitations also impact of the how they are

often to buy less expensive food to save money. Due to this, it leads them to

participate less in the extracurricular activities or social events because of the cost. As

the price continuously increasing, they revealed that they prioritize their need than

any other thing they don’t necessarily need. Regarding with spending pattern on non-

essential items the respondents mentioned that because of rising prices it also affects

their purchasing habits it made the learners lessen their expenses on buying non-

essential items.

The findings of this research study highlight significant influence of rising

prices on junior high school learners spending behavior. The results indicate that

learners are well informed of rising prices through various sources. They particularly

noticed the rising prices of the foods and snack which are the most commonly

purchased by the junior high school learners. The changes of price influence them to

make adjustments by shifting to more affordable and cheaper alternatives. Learners

stated that the increase of prices has significantly affected their ability to purchase

goods, however they find ways to continue to adjust of these increases. To adapt to

these changes, learners stated due to price increases they adjusted their spending

22
behavior by prioritizing essential items over non-essential items. one common change

they have made is seeking affordable alternative that offer similar quality of products

at lower price

Recommendations

1. For Students

Learners should engage in developing personal budgeting skills and critical

consumer awareness. This will allow students to have an increased awareness of

spending choices and enhance their skills of how to be responsible and act on

spending habits. The learners will engage in a journal recording or digital notes that

record their daily expenses that will reflect on how increased prices affect purchasing

decisions. This will also give mindful knowledge on spending decisions and develop

skills regarding increased prices situations to prevent impulsive choices on buying

nonessential items or products influenced by external economic pressures.

2. For Teachers

Integrate financial knowledge into daily lessons. Adopt economic concepts

such as the law of supply and demand this will help the learners to have the

knowledge and understand the impact of increasing prices on their spending patterns

in this inflation situation. Monitor and guide spending patterns to help the respondents

be fully aware of how rising prices determine their budgeting and spending choices

between needs and wants.

3. For School

23
 Implement financial education in the curriculum and organize workshops or

seminars to give knowledge to the respondents and to have long-term skills in

managing how budgeting works, saving money, and responsible spending choices on

needs and wants in increased priced situations. To develop a well-informed financial

program through people who are financial experts or organizations that are full of

reliable knowledge, awareness, and practical advice that improves the learning of

teachers and learners on topics about spending behavior so that all learners in grade

levels ensure progress on learning financial skills.

24
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uAqQ91ZJYEMDViPdjdD80HI_aem_jfNFDFXaZT2gSlD8IcFynQ

Savin, P., Rusu, G., & Orzan, G. (2022). Online Consumer Behavior Influenced by

Rising Prices and Shortage of Goods After COVID-19 and During Wartime. Journal

of Family Business & Management Studies, 1, 100-107.

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Tuliao, R. (2019, May). College students in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija’s spending

behavior. International Research Journal of Education and Technology.

[Link] Students in CabiaoNueva Ecijas Spending

[Link]

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 Appendix A

Consent Form

Research Title: Correlational Study on Increased Prices and Spending Patterns In

Junior High School Learners’ in St. Michael’s High School Inc.

I______________________________ have read the information on the research

project entitled CORRELATIONAL STUDY ON INCREASED PRICES AND

SPENDING PATTERNS IN JUNIOR HIGH LEARNERS IN ST. MICHAEL’S

HIGH SCHOOL INC., that is to be conducted by Grade 12 Integrity learners from St.

Michael’s High school Inc., and all queries have been answered to my satisfaction. I

agree to participate in this research which involves confidentiality of information and

not discuss it with individuals other the student researchers. I understand and I can

withdraw my participation in this project at any time without reason of penalty. My

responses and proofs of my answers will be destroyed after the study took place. My

identity is secured and it will not be revealed without my consent. I now allowed these

researchers to use me as their participants in this research.

____________________________

Participant’s Signature

28
 Appendix B

Research Questions

Correlational Study on Increased Prices and Spending Patterns In Junior High School

Learners’ in St. Michael’s High School Inc.

Dear Respondents,

This questionnaire aims to explore the Correlational Study on Increased Prices

and Spending Patterns In Junior High School Learners' in St. Michael's High School

Inc. Your responses will be treated with utmost confidentiality. The researchers

greatly value the assistance you will provide.

May the Lord bless you in all your undertakings.

Sincerely yours,

Researchers

29
Name (Optional):______________________________ School:_________________

Instructions: Please answer the following questions honestly. Your responses will be

kept confidential and used only for academic purposes related to understanding

spending patterns and the impact of price changes among junior high school learners.

Section 1: Demographic Information

1. Age:

[ ] 11-13

[ ] 13-15

[ ] 15-17

[ ] 17-19

[ ] 19-21

2. Gender:

[ ] Male

[ ] Female

3. Grade Level:

[ ] Grade 7

[ ] Grade 8

30
 [ ] Grade 9

[ ] Grade 10

Section 2: Awareness and Perception of Rising Prices

1. Are you aware of the rising prices of goods and services

[ ] Not informed at all

[ ] Moderately informed

[ ] Well informed

[ ] Very well informed

2. Which expenses do you notice are increasing the most?

[ ] Food and snacks

[ ] Transportation

[ ] School supplies

[ ] Clothing

[ ] Other: _______

3. Do you feel that the rising prices affect your ability to buy the things you need

(e.g., food, school supplies, personal items)?

[ ] Not at all

[ ] A little

31
 [ ] Moderately

[ ] Significantly

[ ] Extremely

4. How informed do you feel about the reasons behind the price increases (e.g.,

inflation, supply chain issues)?

[ ] Not informed at all

[ ] Not informed at all

[ ] Moderately informed

[ ] Well informed

[ ] Very well informed

5. Do you believe the rising prices will continue to impact your spending habits in the

near future?

[ ] Not at all

[ ] A little

[ ] Moderately

[ ] Significantly

[ ] Extremely

Section 3: Spending Patterns and Adjustments

1. Have you had to adjust your spending due to rising prices?

32
 [ ] Significant adjustments

[ ] Moderate adjustments

[ ] Minor adjustments

[ ] No adjustments

2. What changes have you made?

[ ] Buying cheaper alternatives

[ ] Reducing spending on non-essential items (load, make-up,

[ ] Bringing food from home instead of buying at school

[ ] Walking instead of using transportation

[ ] Other: ________

3. What challenges do you face when trying to adjust your spending habits?

[ ] Finding affordable alternatives

[ ] Cutting down on things I enjoy

[ ] Limited options available

[ ] Budgeting with a small allowance

[ ] Other: __________

4. Have you started looking for cheaper alternatives (e.g., generic brands, sales, or

discounts) due to increased prices?

[ ] Not at all

33
 [ ] A little

[ ] Sometimes

[ ] Often

[ ] Always

5. How do you manage your spending to cope with the increased prices?

[ ] I save less and spend more

[ ] I have set a stricter budget

[ ] I ask for more allowance or help from family

[ ] I avoid unnecessary purchases

[ ] Other (please specify): ___________

Section 4: Impact on Consumption Choices

1. What items do you find yourself purchasing less due to rising prices? (Select all

that apply):

[ ] Snacks

[ ] School supplies

[ ] Clothes

[ ] Transportation expenses

[ ] Bills

34
 [ ] Other: _______

2. How have rising prices influenced your choice of food and snacks during school

hours?

[ ] I buy less expensive food/snacks

[ ] I have stopped buying food/snacks

[ ] I still buy the same items, regardless of price

[ ] I buy more affordable options, but still treat myself occasionally

3. Has the rise in prices affected your decision to participate in extracurricular

activities or social events (e.g., school dances, field trips)?

[ ] Yes, I participate less often because of the cost

[ ] Yes, I choose fewer events to attend

[ ] No, I still participate the same amount

[ ] No, I no longer participate in extracurricular activities

4. Do you find yourself prioritizing needs over wants due to the rising costs of goods

and services?

[ ] Always

[ ] Often

[ ] Sometimes

[ ] Rarely

35
 [ ] Never

5. Has your spending behavior on non-essential items (e.g., entertainment, personal

items) changed because of increased prices?

[ ] Yes, I have reduced spending on these items

[ ] Yes, I have stopped purchasing non-essential items

[ ] No, I still spend the same amount on non-essential items

[ ] No, I am spending more on non-essential items

ALYSSA JET B. BULFANGO SABINNA J. MAÑOZA

Researcher Researcher

RHOLAINE GLAIRE G. RUBIA DANILO P. CASALJAY

Researcher Researcher

36
 Communication Letter

February 6, 2025
St. Michael’s High School Inc.
Brgy. Dumalo-ong Gandara, Samar
404777
Sr. Alele B. Tan, FAS

Dear Sister,

The researchers are currently conducting a study entitled "Correlational Study

on Increased Prices and Spending Patterns in Junior High School Learners" In partial

Fulfillment of the requirements for the course Inquiries, Investigations, and

Immersion. This study aims to examine how rising prices affect the spending habits of

junior high school learners.

In this regard, we kindly request your permission to allow us gather

information from the Selected Learners at your institution. All data collected will be

treated with the utmost confidentiality and will be utilized solely for educational

purposes. Thank you for considering this request.

Sincerely yours,

ALYSSA JET B. BULFANGO SABINNA J. MAÑOZA

Researcher Researcher
RHOLAINE GLAIRE G. RUBIA DANILO P. CASALJAY
Researcher Researcher

37
Noted:

MARK F. LLACER
Research Paper adviser

Approved:
SR. ALELE B. TAN ,FAS
Sister Principal

38
 Curriculum Vitae

DANILO P. CASALJAY JR.

Brgy. Catorse de Agosto, Gandara, Samar

Contact #: 09478433485

Email Address: danilopjrt@[Link]

________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthdate: May 18, 2007
Age: 17
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Danilo P. Casaljay
Mother’s Name: Charito O. Pajarito
_________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary:
St. Michael’s High School Inc.
Brgy. Dumalo-ong, Gandara, Samar
2020-present
San Jose Pili National High School, Cam. Sur. Bicol
2019-2020
Elementary:
Guinsorongan Central Elementary School, Catbalogan, Samar
2013-2019

39
ALYSSA JET B. BULFANGO

Brgy. Tambongan, Gandara, Samar

Contact #: 09319703637

Email Address: [Link]@[Link]

__________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthdate: May 15, 2007
Age: 17
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Albert S. Bulfango
Mother’s Name: Juliet B. Bagabaldo
___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary:
St. Michael’s High School Inc.
Brgy. Dumalo-ong, Gandara, Samar
2020-present
Immaculate Mary Montessori School
Las Piñas City, Metro Manila
2019-2020
Elementary:
Angelus Academy
Las Piñas City, Metro Manila
2013-2019

40
SABINNA J. MAÑOZA

Address: Brgy. Adela Heights, Gandara, Samar

Contact #: 09454428777

E-mail: Sabinnamanoza7@[Link]

__________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthdate: June 2, 2007
Age: 17
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Ruel D. Mañoza
Mother’s Name: Sherly J. Mañoza
__________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary: St. Michael's High School Inc.
Brgy. Dumalo-ong, Gandara, Samar
2019-Present
Elementary: Gandara 1 Central Elementary School
Brgy. Dumalo-ong, Gandara, Samar
2011-2019

41
RHOLAINE GLAIRE G. RUBIA

Brgy. Casab-ahan, Gandara, Samar

Contact #: 09489782144

E-mail Address: rholaineglairegolane@[Link]

___________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthdate: November 5, 2007
Age: 17
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father's name: Ruby S. Rubia
Mother's name: Melanie A. Golane
___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary: St. Michael's High School Inc.
Brgy. Dumalo-ong, Gandara, Samar
2019-Present
___________________________________________________________________
Elementary:
Casab-ahan Elementary School
Brgy. Casab-ahan, Gandara, Samar
2013-2019

42