SCIENCE (2024-25)
CLASS X (Science 086)
Max. Marks: 80 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions: 1. All questions would be compulsory. However, an internal choice of
approximately 33% would be provided. 50% marks are to be allotted to competency-based questions.
2. Section A would have 16 simple/complex MCQs and 04 Assertion-Reasoning type questions
carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B would have 6 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C would have 7 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D would have 3 Long Answer (LA) type questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E would have 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of assessment (04
marks each) with sub-parts of the values of 1/2/3 marks.
Section-A Question 1 to 16 are multiple choice questions. Only one of the choices is correct. Select
and write the correct choice as well as the answer to these questions.
1. Which of the following statements about the reaction given below are correct?
MnO2 + 4HCI → MnCl2 +2H2O + Cl2
(i) HCl is oxidized to Cl2
(ii) MnO2 is reduced to MnCl2
(iii) MnCl2 acts as an oxidizing agent (iv)
(iv) HCl acts as an oxidizing agent
(a) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (ii) only
(d) (iii) and (iv) only
2. The colours of aqueous solutions of CuSO, and FeSO, as observed in the laboratory are
(a) Pale green and light blue respectively
(b) Light blue and dark green respectively
(c) Dark blue and dark green respectively
(d) Dark blue and pale green respectively
3. A student prepared an aqueous solution of CuSO, in beaker X and an aqueous solution of
FeSO, in beaker Y. He then dropped some iron pieces in beaker X and some zinc pieces in
beaker Y. After about 10 hours, he observed that the solution in X and Y respectively appears:
a) Blue and green (b) Colourless and pale green
(c) Colourless and light blue (d) Greenish and colourless
4. A student requires hard water for an experiment in his laboratory which is not available in the
neighbouring area. In the laboratory there are some salts, which when dissolved in distilled
water can convert it into hard water. Select from the following groups of salts, a group, each
salt of which when dissolved in distilled water will make it hard.
(a) Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride
(b) Sodium sulphate, Potassium sulphate
(c) Sodium sulphate, Calcium sulphate
(d) Calcium sulphate, Calcium chloride
5. Study the diagram given below and identify the gas formed in the reaction.
(a)Carbon di-oxide which extinguishes the burning candle.
(b)Oxygen due to which the candle burns more brightly.
(c)Sulphur dioxide which produces a suffocating smell.
(d)Hydrogen which while burning produces a popping sound
6. Study the following table and choose the correct option:
S.
No Salt Parent Acid Parent Base Nature of Salt
.
(a) Sodium Chloride HCl NaOH Basic
(b) Sodium Carbonate H2CO3 NaOH Neutral
(c) Sodium Sulphate H2SO4 NaOH Acidic
(d) Sodium Acetate CH3COOH NaOH Basic
7. When aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and lead nitrate are mixed, an insoluble substance
separates out. The chemical equation for the reaction involved is
(a) KI + PbNO3 → Pbl + KNO3
(b) 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 → Pbl₂ + 2KNO3
(c) Kl+Pb(NO3 )2-> PbI + KNO3
(d) KI + PbNO3 → Pbl₂ + KNO3
8. The correct statements with reference to single celled organisms are
(i) Complex substances are not broken down into simpler substances.
(ii) Simple diffusion is sufficient to meet the requirement of exchange of gases.
(iii) Specialised tissues perform different functions in the organism
(iv) Entire surface of the organism is in contact with the environment for taking in food.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
9. Respiratory structures of two different animals — a fish and a human being are as shown.
Observe (a) and (b) and select one characteristic that holds true for both of them.
1. Both are placed internally in the body of animal.
2. Both have thin and moist surface for gaseous exchange.
3. Both are poorly supplied with blood vessels to conserve energy.
4. In both the blood returns to the heart after being oxygenated.
10. After observing the prepared slides of binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast, the
following observations were reported:
(A) Single cells of Amoeba and Yeast were undergoing binary fission and budding respectively.
(B) Cytokinesis was observed in the Yeast cell.
(C) Elongated nucleus was dividing to form two daughter nuclei in Amoeba.
(D) A chain of buds were observed due to reproduction in Amoeba.
The correct observation(s) is/are:(a) (D), (A) and (C)
(b) (C) and (D)
(c) (B) only
(d) (A) and (C)
11. The number of chromosomes in parents and offsprings of a particular species undergoing sexual
reproduction remain constant due to:
(a) doubling of chromosomes after zygote formation
(b) halving of chromosomes after zygote formation
(c) doubling of chromosomes before gamete formation
(d) halving of chromosomes at the time of gamete formation
12. The image shows the structure of a neuron.
Which of the following options shows the mechanism of the travelling of sense in our body after our
nose senses a smell?
(a) Olfactory receptors → dendritic tip of a nerve cell → axon → nerve ending → release of the signal
dendritic tip of another nerve cell
(b) Olfactory receptors → dendritic tip of a nerve cell → axon → cell body → release of signal →
dendritic tip of other nerve cell
(c) Gustatory receptors → dendritic tip of a nerve cell → cell body → axon → release of the signal
dendritic tip of another nerve cell
(d) Gustatory receptors → dendritic tip of a nerve cell → axon → cell body → release of the signal
dendritic tip of another nerve cell
13. . A student is using a convex lens of focal length 40cm to study the image formation by a convex
lens for the various positions of the object. In one of his observations, he may observe that when the
object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from the lens, Its image is formed at
(a) 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, real and erect
(b) 40 cm on the other side of the lens and is magnified, real and inverted.
(c) 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, real and inverted.
(d) 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, virtual and erect.
14. A student focused the image of a distant object using a device ‘X’ on a white screen ‘S’ as shown
in the figure. If the distance of the screen from the device is 40cm, select the correct statement about
the device.
A. The device X is a convex lens of focal length 20cm.
B. The device X is a concave mirror of focal length 40cm.
C. The device X is a concave mirror of radius of curvature 40cm.
D. The device X is a convex lens of focal length 40cm.
15. Identify the incorrect statement ‘The energy available to the producers is maximum’ because: A. It
is the first trophic level which absorbs1% of light energy directly from the source.
B. It utilizes the most of the chemical energy for its own respiration, growth, reproduction, movement
etc.
C. It utilizes 10% of light energy and transfers the rest to the next trophic level.
D. It transfers only 10% of light energy to the next trophic level.
16. The manufacturing of Chlorofluorocarbons free refrigerators is mandatory throughout the world.
How does this help prevent ozone depletion?
a) This will help convert oxygen molecules into ozone
b) This will help convert the CFCs into ozone molecules
c) This will reduce the production of CFCs from oxygen molecules
d) This will reduce the release of CFCs that reacts with ozone molecules
Question No. 17 to 20 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions by selecting the appropriate option given below: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the
correct explanation of A. B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A. C. A is
true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true
17. Assertion (A): Burning of natural gas is an endothermic process.
Reason (R): Methane gas combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
18. Assertion (A): Hydrochloric acid helps in the digestion of food in the stomach.
Reason (R Hydrochloric acid creates an acidic medium to activate protein digesting enzymes.
[Link]: When a concave mirror is held underwater, its focal length will increase.
Reason: The focal length of a concave mirror is independent of the medium in which it is placed.
20. Assertion: Accumulation of harmful chemicals is higher in case of organisms at higher trophic
level.
Reason: Food chain normally can’t reduce beyond 3 or 4 trophic level.
Section-B Question No. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions
21. A concave mirror of focal length 15 cm can form a magnified, erect as well as inverted image of
an object placed in front of it." Justify this statement stating the position of the object with respect to
the pole of the mirror in both the cases for obtaining the images.
22. The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential
difference V across the resistor are given below −
I (amperes
0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
)
10.
V (volts) 1.6 3.4 6.7 13.2
2
Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of that resistor.
OR
Two conducting wires of same material and of equal lengths and diameters are first connected in
series and then parallel in a circuit across the same potential difference. What is the ratio of heat
produced in series and parallel combinations?
23. What happen when an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate reacts with an aqueous solution. of
barium chloride? State the physical conditions of reactants in which the reaction between them will
not take place. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and name the type of reaction.
OR
A student prepared solutions of (i) an acid and (ii) a base in two separate beakers. She forgot to label
the solutions and litmus paper is not available in the laboratory. Since, both the solutions are
colourless, how will she distinguish between the two?
24. 24. A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with a
proper quantity of water. Identify the compound. Write the chemical equation for its preparation. For
what purpose is it used in hospitals?
25. Write one specific function each of the following organs in relation with excretion in human
beings:
(1) Renal Artery
(ii) Urethra
(iii) Glomerulus
(iv)Tubular part of nephron
OR
Name the organs that form the excretory system in human beings.
Describe in brief how urine is produced in human body.
26. A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding pea plants bearing violet flowers with pea plants
bearing white flowers. What will be the result in F₁ progeny
Section-C Question No. 27 to 33 are short answer questions
27. The power of a lens is +4 D. Find the focal length of this lens. An object is placed at a distance of
50 cm from the optical centre of this lens. State the nature and magnification of the image formed by
the lens and also draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.
28. A narrow beam XY of white light is passing through a glass prism ABC as shown in the diagram :
Trace it on your answer sheet and show the path of the emergent beam as observed on the screen
[Link] the phenomenon observed and state its cause. Where else in nature is this phenomenon
observed?Explain it in detail.
OR
Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, incident ray and reflected ray will
always be parallel to each other, whatever may be angle of incidence. Show the same with the help of
diagram.
29. Two lamps, one rated 60 W at 220 V and the other 40 W at 220 V, are connected in parallel to the
electric supply at 220 V
(a) Draw a circuit diagram to show the connections
(b) Calculate the current drawn from the electric supply.
(c) Calculate the total energy consumed by the two lamps together when they operate for one hour.
30. No chemical reaction takes place when granules of a solid, A, are mixed with the powder of
another solid, B. However, when the mixture is heated, a reaction takes place between its components.
One of the products, C, is a metal and settles down in the molten state while the other product, D
floats over it. It was observed that the reaction is highly exothermic.
(i) Based on the given information make an assumption about A and B and write a chemical equation
for the chemical reaction indicating the conditions of reaction, physical state of reactants and products
and thermal status of reaction.
(ii) Mention any two types of reaction under which above chemical reaction can be classified.
31. 2 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a few pieces of granulated zinc metal taken in a
test tube. When the contents are warmed, a gas evolves which is bubbled through a soap solution
before testing. Write the equation of the chemical reaction involved and the test to detect the gas.
Name the gas which will be evolved when the same metal reacts with dilute solution of a strong acid.
OR
An element A reacts with water to form a compound B which is used in white washing. The
compound B on heating forms an oxide C which on treatment with water gives back B. Identify A, B
and C and give the reactions involved.
32(i) How does Paramecium obtain its food?
(ii) List the role of each of the following in our digestive system:
(a) Hydrochloric acid
(b) Trypsin
(c) Muscular walls of stomach
(d) Salivary amylase
OR
32. (a) Write the name and function of valves present in between atria and ventricles of human heart
(b) Write one structural difference between the composition of artery and veins.
33. Explain the meaning of sexually transmitted diseases (STD's). Give two examples of STD's each,
caused due to i. bacterial infection [Link] [Link] in brief how the spread of such diseases
may be prevented
Section-D Question No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.
34. a) What is an electromagnet? List any two uses.
(b) Draw a labelled diagram to show how an electromagnet is made.
(c) State the purpose of soft iron core used in making an electromagnet
(d) List two ways of increasing the strength of an electromagnet if the material of the electromagnet is
fixed.
OR
34. What are magnetic field lines? (i)Justify the following statements:
(a) Two magnetic field lines never intersect each other.
(b) Magnetic field are closed curves.
(ii) (a)State Right Hand Thumb rule to find the direction of the magnetic field around a current
carrying straight conductor.
(b) How will the magnetic field be affected on:
(i) increasing the current through the conductor
(ii) reversing the direction of flow of current in the conductor?
35. A carbon compound 'P' on heating with excess conc. H₂SO₄ forms another carbon compound 'Q'
which on addition of hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst forms a saturated carbon compound
'R'. One molecule of 'R' on combustion forms two molecules of carbon dioxide and three molecules of
water. Identify P. Q and R and write chemical equations for the reactions involved.
OR
A compound X is formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid C2H4O2 and an alcohol in presence of a
few drops of H2SO4. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO4 followed by acidification gives
the same carboxylic acid as used in this reaction. Give the names and structures of
(a) carboxylic acid, (6) alcohol and (c) the compound X. Also write the
reaction.
(ii) What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the given chemical reactions?
36. a) Draw a sectional view of human female reproductive system and label the part where
(i) eggs develop.
(ii) fertilisation takes place.
(ili) fertllised egg gets Implanted.
(b) Describe, in brief, the changes the uterus undergoes
(i) to receive the zygote.
(il) if zygote is not formed
OR
36. a)List the parts of human male reproductive system which contribute fluid to the semen. State two
advantages semen offers to the sperms (3 marks)
b) What is the effect of DNA copying, which is not perfectly accurate, on the reproduction process?
How does the amount of DNA remain constant through each new generation is a combination of DNA
copies of two individuals?
Section – E Question No. 37 to 39 are case-based/data -based questions.
37. The figure shown below represents a common type of dialysis called as Haemodialysis. It removes
waste products from the blood such as excess salts, and urea which are insufficiently removed by the
kidney in patients with kidney failure. During the procedure, the patient's blood is cleaned by
filtration through a series of semi-permeable membrane before being returned to the blood of the
patient. On the basis of this, answer the following questions:
(1) The haemodialyzer has semi-permeable lining of tubes which helps to :
(a) To maintain osmotic pressure of blood.
(b) To filter nitrogenous wastes from the dialyzing solution.
(c) In passing the waste products in the dialyzing solution.
(d) To pump purified blood back into the body of the patient.
(2) Which one of the following is not a function of Artificial Kidney?
(a) To remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood.
(b) To remove excess fluids from the blood.
(c) To reabsorb essential nutrients from the blood.
(d) To filter and purify the blood.
(3) The ‘used dialysing’ solution is rich in;
(a) Urea and excess salts
(b) Blood cells
(c) Lymph
(d) Proteins
(4) Which part of the nephron in human kidney, serves the function of reabsorption of certain
substances?
(a) Glomerulus
(b) Bowmans Capsule
(c) Tubules
(d) Collecting duct
38. A student, took four metal P, Q, R and S and earned out different experiments to study the
properties of metals. Some of the observations were:
• All metals could not be cut with knife except metal R.
• Metal P combined with oxygen to form an oxide M2O3 which reacted with both acids and
bases.
• Reaction with water.
P — Did not react either with cold or hot water but reacted with steam
Q — Reacted with hot water and the metal started floating
R — Reacted violently with cold water.
S — Did not react with water at all.
(i)Out of the given metals, the one which needs to be stored using kerosene is
(a) P
(c) S
(b) R
(d) Q
(ii) Out of the given metals, the metal Q is
(a) Iron
(c) Potassium
(b) Zinc
(d) Magnesium
(iii) Metal which forms amphoteric oxides is
(a) P
(c) R
(b) Q
(d) S
(iv)The increasing order of the reactivity of the four metals is:
(a) P < Q < R < S
(b) S < R < Q < P
(c) S < P < Q < R
(d) P < R < Q < S
39A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying conductor in
a magnetic field. He took a small aluminium rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet, some connecting
wires, a battery and a switch and connected them as shown.
He observed that on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing the direction of current, the
direction of displacement also gets reversed. On the basis of your understanding of this phenomenon,
answer the following questions:
(a) Why does the rod get displaced on passing current through it?
(b) State the rule that determines the direction of the force on the conductor AB.
(c) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines produced around a current carrying straight conductor
held vertically on a horizontal cardboard. Indicate the direction of the field lines as well as the
direction of current flowing through the conductor: