FORM 1 (FOR OFFICE USE ONLY)

THE PATENTS ACT 1970 (39 of 1970) and

THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
APPLICATION FOR GRANT OFPATENT
(See section 7, 54 and 135 and sub-rule (1) of rule 20)
Application
Filing date:
Amount of
CBR No:
Signature:
1. APPLICANT’S REFERENCE / IDENTIFICATION No. (As
Allotted By Office)

2. TYPE OF APPLICATION [Please tick () at the appropriate category]

Ordinary () Convention ( ) PCT-NP ( )
Divisional ( ) Patent of Addition ( ) Divisio Patent of Addition ( ) Divisional ( ) Patent of Addition ( )
3A. APPLICANT(S)
Country of
Name in Full Nationality Address of the Applicant
Residence
House No. Department of Information Science & Engineering
Street 4, 12th Cross, Manjunatha Layout, Krishnarajapura,
CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE City Bengaluru
Indian India
OF TECHNOLOGY State Karnataka
Country India
Pin code 560 036
3B. CATEGORY OF APPLICANT [Please tick () at the appropriate category]
Natural Person () Other than Natural Person
Small Entity ( ) Startup ( ) Others ( )
4. INVENTOR(S) [Please tick () at the appropriate category]
Are all the inventor(s) same as the applicant(s) named above? Yes ( ) No ()
If “No”, furnish the details of the inventor(s)
Country of
Name in Full Nationality Address of the Inventor
Residence
House No. Department of Information Science & Engineering
Dr. Bharani B R
Indian India
Street Cambridge Institute of Technology (CIT)
Amulya D Indian India 4, 12th Cross, Manjunatha Layout, Krishnarajapura,
City
Indian India Bengaluru
Rohini D
State Karnataka
[Link] Indian India
Country India
Snehashree M
Indian India
Pin code 560 036

5. TITLE OF THE INVENTION

Securing Healthcare Database Using Blockchain Technology

6. AUTHORISED REGISTERED IN/PA No.

PATENT AGENT(S) Name

Mobile No.
 7. ADDRESS FOR Name Dr. INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO
SERVICE Postal Address Cambridge Institute of Technology (CIT), 4, 12th
Cross, Manjunatha Layout, Krishnarajapura,
OF APPLICANT IN INDIA Bengaluru,
Karnataka, INDIA- 560036
Telephone No. +91- 080-25618798
Mobile No. 9880411116
Fax No. +91- 080-25618789
E-mail ID [Link]@[Link]
8. IN CASE OF APPLICATION CLAIMING PRIORITY OF APPLICATION FILED IN CONVENTION
COUNTRY, PARTICULARS OF CONVENTION APPLICATION
Country Application Number Filing Date Name of the Applicant Title of the invention IPC (as classified in the Convention Country)

9. IN CASE OF PCT NATIONAL PHASE APPLICATION, PARTICULARS OF INTERNATIONAL

APPLICATION FILED UNDER PATENT CO-OPERATION TREATY (PCT)
International Application Number International Filing Date

10. IN CASE OF DIVISIONAL APPLICATION FILED UNDER SECTION 16, PARTICULARS OF ORIGINAL
(FIRST) APPLICATION
Original (first) application No. Date of filing of original (first) application

11. IN CASE OF PATENT OF ADDITION FILED UNDER SECTION 54, PARTICULARS OF MAIN
APPLICATION OR PATENT
Main application/patent No. Date of filing of main application
12. DECLARATIONS
(i) Declaration by theinventor(s)
(In case the applicant is an assignee: the inventor(s) may sign herein below or the applicant may upload the
assignment or enclose the assignment with this application for patent or send the assignment by post/electronic
transmission duly authenticated within the prescribed period).
I/We, the above named inventor(s) is/are the true & first inventor(s) for this Invention and declare that the applicant(s)
herein is/are my/our assignee or legal representative.
Dated this 30th day of September 2025

Dr. Bharani B R Amulya D Rohini D

Snehashree M S Thanusri Reddy

(ii) Declaration by the applicant(s) in the convention country

(In case the applicant in India is different than the applicant in the convention country: the applicant in the convention
country may sign herein below or applicant in India may upload the assignment from the applicant in the convention
country or enclose the said assignment with this application for patent or send the assignment by post/electronic
transmission duly authenticated within the prescribed period)
I/We, the applicant(s) in the convention country declare that the applicant(s) herein is/are my/our assignee or legal
representative.
Dated this 30th day of September 2025

Dr. INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO

 (iii) Declaration by the applicant(s)

I/We the applicant(s) hereby declare(s) that: -

 I am/ We are in possession of the above-mentioned invention.
 The provisional/complete specification relating to the invention is filed with this application.
 TheinventionasdisclosedinthespecificationusesthebiologicalmaterialfromIndia and the necessary
permission from the competent authority shall be submitted by me/us before the grant of patent
tome/us.
 There is no lawful ground of objection(s) to the grant of the Patent to me/us.
 I am/we are the true & first inventor(s).
 I am/we are the assignee or legal representative of true & first inventor(s).
 The application or each of the applications, particulars of which are given in Paragraph-8, was the
first application in convention country/countries in respect of my/our invention(s).
 I/We claim the priority from the above mentioned application(s) filed in convention country/
countries and state that no application for protection in respect of the invention had been made in
a convention country before that date by me/us or by any person from which I/We derive the title.
 My/our application in India is based on international application under Patent Cooperation Treaty
(PCT) as mentioned in Paragraph-9.
 The application is divided out of my /our application particulars of which is given in Paragraph-10
and pray that this application may be treated as deemed to have been filed on DD/MM/YYYY
under section 16 of the Act.
 The said invention is an improvement in or modification of the invention particulars of which are
given in Paragraph-11.

13. FOLLOWING ARE THE ATTACHMENTS WITH THE APPLICATION

(a) Form 2
Item Details Fee Remarks
Complete/Provisional specification) # 5
No. of Claim(s) and No. of Pages 7&1
Abstract 1
No. of Drawing(s) and No. of Pages 2&5

# In case of a complete specification, if the applicant desires to adopt the drawings filed with his provisional
specification as the drawings or part of the drawings for the complete specification under rule 13(4), the
number of such pages filed with the provisional specification are required to be mentioned here.

(b) Complete specification (in conformation with the international application)/as amended before the
International Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA), as applicable (2 copies).
(c) Sequence listing in electronic form
(d) Drawings (in conformation with the international application)/as amended before the International
Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA), as applicable (2 copies).

(e) Priority document(s) or a request to retrieve the priority document(s) from DAS (Digital Access Service) if the
applicant had already requested the office of first filing to make the priority document(s) available to DAS.

(f) Translation of priority document/Specification/International Search Report/International Preliminary Report

on Patentability.

(g) Statement and Undertaking on Form 3

(h) Declaration of Inventorship on Form 5

(i) Power of Authority

(j) ……………………………………………………………………………………

Total fee Rs….………..….in Cash/ Banker's Cheque /Bank Draft bearing No..............

Date…………..........on BANK Or On-line Transfer

I/We hereby declare that to the best of my/our knowledge, information and belief the fact and
matters slated herein are correct and I/We request that a patent may be granted to me/us for the
said invention.

Dated this 30th day of September 2025

Dr. INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO

To,
The Controller of Patents
The Patent Office, at Chennai

Note:
* Repeat boxes in case of more than one entry.
* To be signed by the applicant(s) or by authorized registered patent agent otherwise where mentioned.
* Tick () /cross (x) whichever is applicable/not applicable in declaration in paragraph-12.
* Name of the inventor and applicant should be given in full, family name in the beginning.
* Strike out the portion which is/are not applicable.
* For fee: See First Schedule”;
 FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)

1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION

Securing Healthcare Database Using Blockchain Technology
2. APPLICANT
a) Name b) Nationality c) Address
Department of Information Science & Engineering
CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CIT)
CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF
Indian 4, 12th Cross, Manjunatha Layout,
TECHNOLOGY Krishnarajapura, Bengaluru,
Karnataka, INDIA- 560 036

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

COMPLETE
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed
4. DESCRIPTION (Description shall start from next page)
5. CLAIMS (Claims should start with the preamble – “I/We claim” on separate page)
6. DATE AND SIGNATURE ( to be given on the last page of specification)
7. ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION (to be given along with complete specification on the separate page)
Note:
*Repeat boxes in case of more than one entry
*To be signed by the applicant(s)or the authorized registered patent agent
*Name of the applicant should be given in full, family name in the beginning
*Complete address of the applicant should be given stating with postal index no. / code, state and country
*Strike out the column which is/are not applicable
4. DESCRIPTION

The Secure Electronic Health Records (EHR) system is an innovative solution designed to
enhance the confidentiality, security, and accessibility of healthcare data through
blockchain technology. Traditional healthcare record systems are highly centralized and
prone to data breaches, unauthorized access, and manipulation. To address these challenges,
this project leverages Ethereum blockchain, smart contracts, and InterPlanetary File System
(IPFS) to build a decentralized framework where patient data can be securely stored and
[Link] this system, patients hold complete control over their health records, ensuring
privacy and ownership of sensitive information. Each patient can upload medical data, view
historical records,and manage permissions for doctors and diagnostic centers. Doctors, on
the other hand, can view authorized patient data, generate medical reports, and manage
patient lists securely through blockchain-based verification. Diagnostic centers can also
upload EHR reports directly to the network, maintaining the integrity and authenticity of
health [Link] project integrates Metamask for blockchain wallet interaction and
Ganache for local blockchain deployment, providing a testing and development
environment that simulates the Ethereum network. The ReactJS-based frontend ensures a
user-friendly and responsive interface,while smart contracts handle secure transactions and
access control [Link] replacing centralized healthcare databases with a distributed
ledger system, this approach significantly minimizes the risks of data tampering and
unauthorized access. Furthermore, it increases transparency, improves interoperability
between healthcare providers, and empowers patients to take active control of their digital
medical identities. The system demonstrates the potential of blockchain to transform
electronic health record management into a more secure, decentralized, and patient-centric
model, ensuring reliability, privacy, and trust within the healthcare ecosystem.

Block Diagram

Explanation of block diagram

The block diagram of the Secure Electronic Health Records (EHR) system illustrates the
overall architecture and the flow of data between different components of the system.
The system is designed to be decentralized, secure, and patient-centric, integrating
blockchain technology, smart contracts, and decentralized storage.
Problem Statement
In modern healthcare systems, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) play a crucial role in
storing, managing, and sharing patients’ medical data. Traditionally, these records are
maintained in centralized databases controlled by hospitals, clinics, or third-party service
providers. While centralized systems simplify access for healthcare providers, they are
vulnerable to multiple security and privacy threats.

Challenges in Existing Systems

Security Vulnerabilities: Centralized storage is an easy target for cyberattacks.
Data Privacy Issues: Unauthorized sharing and lack of patient consent can compromise
confidentiality.
Data Integrity Risks: Medical records can be altered accidentally or maliciously.
Inefficient Data Sharing: Lack of standardization reduces interoperability across providers.
Limited Transparency: Patients cannot track access history or validate the authenticity of
their records.

Primary objectives:
1. To ensure secure storage and sharing of health records using blockchain.
2. To provide patients full control over access permissions to their data.
3. To enhance data integrity and transparency within healthcare systems.
4. To create a decentralized platform that is resistant to unauthorized modifications
References:

1. Fang, H. S. A. (2021). Blockchain Personal Health Records: Systematic Review.

2. Pu, X. (2024). A medical big data access control model based on smart contracts.
3. Ullah, F. (2024). Blockchain-enabled EHR access auditing: Enhancing transparency and
accountability. ScienceDirect.
4. Shuaib, K. (2022). Secure decentralized electronic health records sharing using
blockchain and IPFS. ScienceDirect.
5. Ettaloui, N. (2024). Blockchain-Based Electronic Health Record: Systematic Review.
Hindawi.
6. Ma, S. & Zhang, X. (2024). Integrating blockchain and ZK-ROLLUP for efficient
healthcare data privacy protection system via IPFS. Scientific Reports.
7. Marino, C. A. (2025). Smart Contracts and Shared Platforms in Sustainable Healthcare.
PMC.
8. HIPAA Vault (2025). Blockchain Integration for Healthcare Records.
9. Ullah, A. (2025). Toward blockchain based electronic health record management with
fine-grained attribute-based encryption and decentralized storage mechanisms. Scientific
Reports.
10. Ali, A. A. (2025). Securing electronic health records using blockchain in IoT-based
smart healthcare systems. ScienceDirect.
11. Shahzad, A. (2025). Zero-Trust Medical Image Sharing: A Secure and Decentralized
Approach Using Blockchain and the IPFS. MDPI.
12. Tahir, N. U. A. (2024). Blockchain-Based Healthcare Records Management
Framework:
Enhancing Security, Privacy, and Interoperability. MDPI.
13. Tawfik, A. M. (2025). Blockchain-based access control and privacy preservation in
healthcare. SpringerLink.
14. Psarra, E. (2024). Permissioned blockchain network for proactive access control in
healthcare. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.
15. Dhillon, V. (2024). Designing Decentralized Ledger Technology for Electronic Health
Records. Telehealth and Medicine Today.
16. Schmeelk, S. (2022). Electronic health records and blockchain interoperability: A
scoping review. PubMed.
17. Marino, C. A. (2025). Smart Contracts in Healthcare. Hedera.
18. Aziz, O. (2024). Unleashing the Potential of IPFS in Blockchain for Healthcare,
Logistics, and Supply Chain. Medium.
19. Al Amin, M. (2023). Healthcare Policy Compliance: A Blockchain Smart Contract-
Based Approach. arXiv.
20. Tummala, H. (2023). Healthcare Policy Compliance: A Blockchain Smart Contract-
Based Approach. arXiv.
 5. CLAIMS

We claim,
1. A decentralized Electronic Health Record (EHR) management system that leverages the
Ethereum blockchain to securely store, manage, and share patient health data in a
transparent and tamper-proof manner.
2. The system employs smart contracts to control access permissions, automate
authorization processes, and record immutable audit trails of all data transactions
without requiring a centralized authority.
3. Integration of MetaMask enables secure user authentication and blockchain wallet-based
access for patients, doctors, and diagnostic centers.
4. Implementation of InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) ensures decentralized storage of
large medical files while maintaining their integrity through
blockchain-verified cryptographic hashes.
5. Patients are given full ownership and control over their health data, including the ability
to grant or revoke access to healthcare providers through blockchain based permissions.
6. All access, modification, and data-sharing activities are securely logged on the to
blockchain ensure transparency, traceability, and accountability across the healthcare
ecosystem.
7. The system enhances data privacy and interoperability between hospitals,diagnostic
centers, and doctors, ensuring secure data exchange without compromising confidentiality.
8. Smart contract–based validation ensures that only authorized entities can upload, access,
or modify health records, minimizing the risk of unauthorized actions or tampering.
9. The design eliminates the need for centralized servers, thus reducing single points of
failure and improving reliability and fault tolerance.
10. The solution supports compliance with healthcare data protection regulations by
ensuring data encryption, access auditability, and patient consent management through
decentralized architecture.

ADVANTAGES :

 Strong Security: Blockchain and encryption protect data from tampering.

 Patient Control: Patients manage who can access their records.
 Decentralized Storage: No single point of failure; uses IPFS for large files.
 Interoperability: Seamless sharing across hospitals, clinics, and labs.
 Automation: Smart contracts handle permissions and logging automatically.
 Scalable & Reliable: Handles growing data with high availability.
 User-Friendly: Intuitive interface with ReactJS and Metamask integration.

APPLICATIONS:

 Hospital record management

 Doctor-patient data sharing
 Diagnostic report uploads
 Health insurance verification
 Cross-provider interoperability
 Regulatory compliance audits

Dated this 30th day of September 2025

INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
The Secure EHR project introduces a decentralized, blockchain-based intervention to address
critical vulnerabilities in traditional healthcare data systems. By integrating Ethereum smart
contracts and IPFS, it replaces centralized record storage with a secure, patient-controlled
framework. This intervention empowers patients to manage access to their medical data,
ensures tamper-proof recordkeeping, and facilitates seamless interoperability among
healthcare providers. Through transparent audit trails, encrypted data exchange, and
automated access control, the system enhances privacy, trust, and reliability in electronic
health record management—transforming healthcare into a more secure and patient-centric
ecosystem. This intervention addresses the risks of centralized systems—like data breaches
and lack of patient autonomy—by enabling secure, auditable, and interoperable healthcare
 FORM 3
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) and
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
STATEMENT AND UNDERTAKING UNDER SECTION 8
(See section 8; Rule 12)
1. Name of the
I/We CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY hereby declare:
applicant(s).
2. Name, address (i) that I/We have not made any application for the same/substantially the same invention
and nationality of outside India Not Applicable
the joint Or
applicant. (ii) that I/We who have made this application No…….dated …..……..alone/ jointly with
… ......................... , made for the same/ substantially same invention, application(s) for
patent in the other countries, the particulars of which are given below:

Name of the Country Date of Application Application No. Status of the Application Date of Publication Date of Grant
Not Applicable

3. Name and (iii) that the rights in the application(s) has/have been assigned to
address of the
CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CIT),
assignee
4, 12th Cross, Manjunatha Layout,
Krishnarajapura, Bengaluru,
Karnataka,
INDIA- 560 036

And that I/We undertake that up to the date of grant of the patent by the Controller, I/We
would keep him informed in writing the details regarding corresponding applications for
patents filed outside India within six months from the date of filing of such application.

Dated this 30th day of September 2025

4. To be signed by
the applicant or his Signature:
authorized
registered patent
agent.

5. Name of the
natural person Dr. INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO
who has signed.

To
The Controller of Patents,
The Patent Office, at Chennai

Note: Strike out whichever is not applicable

 FORM 5
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
DECLARATION AS TO INVENTORSHIP
[See section 10(6) and rule 13(6)]

1. Name(s) of the Applicant(s)

We, Dr. Bharani B R, Amulya D, Rohini D,S Thanusri Reddy and Snehashreee M of the invention disclosed in the
complete specification filed in pursuance of my/our application numbered…………..dated ........ is/are:
2. APPLICANT
a) Name b) Nationality c) Address
Dr. Bharani B R Indian Department of Information Science
Amulya D Indian and Engineering,
CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
Rohini D Indian
ThanusriReddy 4, 12th Cross, Manjunatha Layout,
Indian
Snehashree M Krishnarajapura, Bengaluru,
Indian Karnataka, INDIA- 560 036
Dated this 30th day of September 2025

Dr. Bharani B R Amulya D Rohini D

Snehashree M S Thanusri Reddy

3. DECLARATION to be given when the application in India is filed by the applicant(s) in the convention country:
Not Applicable
We the applicant(s) in the convention country hereby declare that our right to apply for a patent in India is by way of assignment
from the true and first inventor(s)
Dated this ……day of ………….2024 Signature: Not Applicable

4. STATEMENT (to be signed by the additional inventor(s) not mentioned in the application form)
Not Applicable
I/We assent to the invention referred to in the above declaration, being included in the complete specification filed in pursuance
of the stated application.

Dated this ……day of ………….2024 Signature of the additional inventor(s): Not Applicable

To,
The Controller of Patent
The Patent Office, Chennai
 FORM 9
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
REQUEST FOR PUBLICATION
[See section 11A (2); rule 24A]

1. Name, address and nationality of the applicant(s).

a) Name b) Nationality c) Address
Department of Information Science & Engineering
CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CIT)
CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF 4, 12th Cross, Manjunatha Layout,
Indian
TECHNOLOGY Krishnarajapura, Bengaluru,
Karnataka,
INDIA- 560 036

I/We CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY hereby request for early publication of my / our Application for
Patent filed on 30th day of September 2025 for the invention titled Securing Healthcare Database Using
Blockchain Technology under section 11A (2) of the Act.

2. To be signed by the applicant or by his authorized registered patent agent.

3. Name of the natural person who has signed.

Dr. INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO (Indian)

Dated this 30th day of September 2025

Dr. INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO

To,
The Controller of Patent
The Patent Office, Chennai

Note: - For fee: - See First Schedule.

 FORM 28
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
AND
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2021
TO BE SUBMITTED BY A SMALL ENTITY /STARTUP/EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
[See rules 2 (fa), 2(fb), 2(ca) and 7]

1 Insert name, address and nationality.

a) Name b) Nationality Address
Cambridge Institute of Technology (CIT), 4, 12th
Cross, Manjunatha Layout, Krishnarajapura,
Dr. INDUMATHI Indian Bengaluru,
GOVINDARAO Karnataka, INDIA- 560036.
Mobile: 9880411116; Email: [Link]@[Link]

I/We Dr. INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO (Indian) applicant/patentee in respect of the Patent Application No filed or Patent
No -nil- hereby declare that I/we am/are a small entity in accordance with rule 2(fa) or a start-up in accordance with rule 2(fb)
or an educational institution in accordance with rule 2(ca) and submit the following document(s) as proof:

2 Documents to be submitted
I. For claiming the status of a small entity:
A. For an Indian applicant: Evidence of registration under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act,
2006 (27 of 2006).
B. In case of a foreign entity: Any other document.
II. For claiming the status of a start-up
A. For an Indian applicant: Any document as evidence of eligibility, as defined in rule 2(fb).
B. In case of a foreign entity: Any other document.
III. For claiming the status of an educational institution
A. For an Indian applicant: Any document as evidence of eligibility, as defined in rule 2(ca). Copy of UGC, AICTE, Govt
of India, Approval Attached and VTU, Govt of Karnataka Letter Attached.
B. In case of a foreign educational institution: Any other document.

3 To be signed by the applicant(s) /patentee(s)/ authorized registered patent agent.

The information provided herein is correct to the best of my/our knowledge and belief.
Dr. INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO (Indian)
Dated this 30th day of September 2025

Dr. INDUMATHI GOVINDARAO

Associate Director -Cambridge Institute of
Technology (CIT)
Designation and official seal, if any, of the person who has signed.

To,
The Controller of Patent
The Patent Office, Chennai