Training on
Manuscript Writing and Publication Procedures
Date: 12th April, 2025
Time: 4.00 PM to 5.30 PM (Beijing time)
Instructor
Prof. Dr. Md Shamim Hossain
Department of Marketing,
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University
Dinajpur -5200, Bangladesh
Key components of a manuscript
• Title
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
Title of the research
• The title should be concise, informative, and reflective of the
manuscript's content.
• It should give readers a clear idea of the subject or focus of the
manuscript.
Abstract
• A brief summary (usually 150-250 words) of the entire manuscript.
• It should outline the main objectives, methods, results, and
Applications, Research GAP of the work.
• Be concise and focus on the key points.
• It should provide enough information for readers to determine if
the manuscript is relevant to their interest.
Introduction
Introduces the topic, outlines the research question or problem, and explains
why the topic is important.
• Components:
• Background Information: Contextualizes the research within the existing
literature or field.
• Problem Statement: Defines the problem, gap, or question the manuscript
addresses.
• Research Objectives: Describes what the paper seeks to achieve (aims) or
prove (Hypotheses).
Literature Review
Provides an overview of existing research related to the manuscript's topic.
• Components:
• Review of Relevant Studies: Summarizes key findings from previous studies.
• Hypothesis Development: testable statement or prediction about the
relationship between two or more variables.
• Identification of Gaps: A research gap refers to an area of knowledge that has
not been fully explored or addressed in existing research..
• Theoretical Framework: Defines the theories or models that support the
research.
Theoretical framework Vs conceptual framework
Aspect Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework
Source Based on established theories and Created by the researcher,
models often synthesizing multiple
sources
Purpose To guide hypotheses, grounded in To illustrate relationships
existing knowledge between variables in the study
Role in Provides the theoretical basis for the Serves as a visual
Research study, guiding the research design representation to clarify the
and hypothesis formulation study's components and
research design
Methodology
• Describes how the research was conducted and explains the research design, data
collection, and analysis methods.
• Components:
• Research Design: Whether it’s qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods.
• Participants or Data Sources: Details of who or what was studied (e.g., sample
size, demographics).
• Data Collection: Describes how data was gathered (e.g., surveys, interviews,
experiments).
• Data Analysis: Explains the techniques used to analyze the collected data (e.g.,
statistical analysis, thematic coding).
Results / Findings Section
Raw Data Representation: Present the collected data in an organized manner,
utilizing tables, graphs, or charts to enhance readability.
Clarity and Organization: Ensure a logical flow in presenting the data, using
appropriate titles, headings, and Sources for figures or tables.
Avoid Interpretation: The Result section should objectively present the findings
without interpretation or analysis.
Narrative Description: Use a narrative style (sequential way of presenting
information or storytelling) to describe the data, highlighting trends, patterns,
or significant observations.
Referencing Supporting Data: Ensure that all data presented is referenced
appropriately to sources or methods used in data collection or analysis.
Results and Discussion Section
Discussion Section
Interpretation and Analysis:
Link to Results: Interpret the presented findings, explaining their significance
and implications in relation to the research objectives or hypotheses.
Identify Patterns and Relationships: Discuss any trends, correlations, or patterns
observed in the data, providing explanations or potential reasons for these
observations.
Comparison and Contrast:
Relate to Literature: Compare the obtained results with existing literature,
highlighting similarities, differences, or contradictions.
Supporting Evidence: Use scholarly sources to substantiate discussions and
interpretations, whether supporting or challenging the results.
Discussion Section
Table 1 showed that in the Negative sentiment category, Out of 30,263 reviews, 14,740 have more than 3 stars
the mean review stars are approximately 1.11, in Neutral indicating positive sentiment, 14,452 have fewer than 3
sentiment around 3.0, and in Positive sentiment about stars indicating negative emotion, and only 1071 have 3
4.86. Additionally, mean value of word_count for positive stars indicating neutral opinion (shown in Figure. 3). The
…… ratio of positive to negative reviews for financial
companies was 1: 0.98, which is highly unfavorable for
businesses since negative reviews have a bigger impact
and spread rapidly.
Key Tips for Effective Results and
Discussion Writing:
Seamless Transition: Ensure a smooth transition between the Results and
Discussion sections, linking the presented data to subsequent analysis and
interpretation.
Clarity : Use clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary.
Alignment with Objectives: Keep the discussions aligned with the initial research
objectives or questions.
Citation Integration: Include appropriate citations to support interpretations or
comparisons made in the Discussion section.
Summary
The summary of a research paper, often referred to as an abstract
The key components of a research paper summary (abstract) include:
Research Objectives or Purpose: Briefly state the main objectives or research questions
addressed in the study. This section highlights what the research aims to achieve or
explore.
Methodology: Describe the methods or approaches used to conduct the research. Include
information about the study design, data collection methods, participants (if
applicable), and any significant procedures employed in the research.
Key Findings or Results: Summarize the major results or findings obtained from the
research. Highlight significant outcomes, trends, or important data points discovered
during the study.
Conclusions or Implications: Present the main conclusions drawn from the study and discuss
their implications. Emphasize the significance of the findings and how they contribute
to the existing knowledge in the field.
Scope or Limitations: Optionally, mention any limitations of the study that might affect the
interpretation or generalization of the results.
Conclusion
Restatement of Main Points: Summarize the main arguments, hypotheses, or
research questions addressed in the study.
Summary of Findings: Recap the major results or outcomes obtained from the
research without introducing new information. Provide a brief overview of
what the study has revealed.
Interpretation and Discussion: Interpret the significance of the findings in
relation to the research objectives or hypotheses. Discuss the implications of
the results and their relevance to the broader field of study.
Applications Characteristics Examples
- Developing software applications for
- Solves problems or challenges
specific user needs
Applications
Practical - Implementing engineering solutions for
- Emphasizes functional solutions
Applications structures/systems
- Provides direct, tangible outcomes or - Applying scientific research to create
results medical treatments
- Utilizes theories for organizational - Using strategic planning models for
management organizational decisions
Managerial - Aims at improving efficiency, - Applying financial theories for resource
Applications decision-making, and strategy optimization
- Focuses on achieving specific - Implementing HR theories to enhance
organizational objectives employee productivity
- Conducting studies to validate theoretical
- Involves academic research
propositions
Theoretical - Aims at developing theories based on - Developing new theoretical frameworks
Applications evidence based on observed data
- Engaging in academic debates to analyze
- Focuses on generating knowledge
and refine theories
Limitations & Future Research Directions
• Clearly outline the constraints or shortcomings of your study, such as sample
size, methodology constraints, data limitations, or resource constraints.
• Identify areas where further research could build upon or address the limitations
encountered in your study.
• Example:
• Limitations: "The sample size of our study was limited to X participants,
potentially restricting the generalizability of our findings to a broader population.
• Research directions: Future studies could expand upon our findings by conducting
longitudinal research to observe the long-term effects of the variables
investigated.
Reference
• APA (American Psychological Association)
Hossain, M. S., & Rahman, M. F. (2022). Detection of potential customers’ empathy behavior towards customers'
reviews. Journal of retailing and consumer services, 65, 102881.
• MLA (Modern Language Association),
Hossain, Md Shamim, and Mst Farjana Rahman. "Detection of potential customers’ empathy behavior towards
customers' reviews." Journal of retailing and consumer services 65 (2022): 102881.
• Chicago
Hossain, Md Shamim, and Mst Farjana Rahman. "Detection of potential customers’ empathy behavior towards
customers' reviews." Journal of retailing and consumer services 65 (2022): 102881.
• Harvard
Hossain, M.S. and Rahman, M.F., 2022. Detection of potential customers’ empathy behavior towards customers'
reviews. Journal of retailing and consumer services, 65, p.102881.
• Vancouver
Hossain MS, Rahman MF. Detection of potential customers’ empathy behavior towards customers' reviews. Journal of
retailing and consumer services. 2022 Mar 1;65:102881.
APA style intext citations
• First In-Text Citation
• Rao and Bhatage (2012) showed that ....
• e.g. Hossain (2018) for one author
• e.g. Smith and Ward (2000 ). for two authors
• e.g. Hossain et al. (2018) for more than two authors
• e.g. Hossain, (2018); Smit and Word (2000) and Hossain et al. (2018) for more than one articles
• After the sentence
• ......... (Rao and Bhatage, 2012)
• *For more than 2 authors, use following structure: ( Smith et al., 2000 ).
• *For more than 2 references, use following structure: ( Smith et al., 2000; Ward, 2004; Jackson, 2008 )
APA style Reference
• Journal: Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume Number (Issue
Number), Page Numbers.
• Example: Lee, S. A., Johnson, T.S., Ward, J. P. and Jackson, S. ( 2000 ). Comparative Study of 3 Management Methods.
International Journal of Science and Business, 36 ( 4 ), 232- 245.
• * The name of the journal should be typed in italic style.
•
• •Book: Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of book. Place of Publication: Publisher.
• Example: Bennet, A., Ward, R.A. and Lee, A.P. ( 2002 ). Applied Management Models, chapter ( 3 ), 2nd ed. London:
Oxford University Press, 63-74.
• * The name of the book should be typed in italic style.
•
• •Website: Organization or Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year, Month Day) Title
of document. Print Publication Information. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
• Example: Smith, J. A. (2002). Business Solutions. Available: http:/[Link]/hooversdirectoies/
[Link] ( August 8, 2002 ).
Reference
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Journal selection
• 1. Understand Your Research
• 2. Consider Journal Scope and Aims
• 3. Research Journal Reputation and Impact
• 4. Check for Open Access vs. Subscription-Based
• 5. Check Author Guidelines
Impact Factor (IF) and CiteScore
Aspect Impact Factor (IF) CiteScore
Clarivate (Web of Science – Journal
Provided By Elsevier (Scopus)
Citation Reports)
JCR Quartiles (Q1–Q4) in Web of Scopus Quartiles (Q1–Q4) by
Ranking Type Science. Such as SSCI, SCI, ESIE, subject categories. Such as
ESCI Q1, Q2, Q3, & Q4
Citation Window 2 years 3 years
Website to check
[Link] [Link]
journal rank
You may contact me
•WeChat: shamimbd1986
•WhatsApp: +8801717413125
Any Questions?
If you have any questions or queries, feel free to
ask now or later.
Training on
Manuscript Writing and Publication Procedures
Thank you