Engineering Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Tutorial No: 1
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
1. A container having two compartments contains steam as shown in Figure P1.1. The specific
volume of steam in compartment B is 5 m3/kg. The membrane breaks and the resulting specific
volume is 8 m3/kg. Find the original specific volume of steam in compartment A.
Ans: 10 m3/kg

2. A cylinder with a total volume of 2 m3 has a movable piston as shown in Figure P1.2. When
the piston is at one fourth of the length, both sides have same specific volume of 8 m 3/kg.
Determine the specific volumes of both sides when the piston is at middle of the cylinder.
(TU 2074 Bhadra) Ans: 16 m3/kg, 5.33 m3/kg

3. An oxygen cylinder having a volume of 10 m3 initially contains 5 kg of oxygen. Determine the

specific volume of oxygen in the cylinder initially. During certain process 3 kg of oxygen is
consumed, determine the final specific volume of oxygen in the cylinder. Also plot the amount of
oxygen that has been consumed versus the specific volume of the remaining in the cylinder.
(TU 2073 Shrawan) Ans: 5 m3/kg
4. A large chamber is separated into compartments 1 and 2 as shown in Figure P1.4, which are
kept at different pressure. Pressure gauge A reads 300 kPa and pressure gauge B reads 120
kPa. If the local barometer reads 720 mm Hg, determine the absolute pressure existing in the
compartments and the reading of gauge C. [Take ρ = 13600 kg/m3 and g = 9.81 m/s2].
(TU 2068 Magh) Ans: 396.0595 kPa, 276.0595 kPa, 180 kPa

Figure P1.1 Figure P1.2 Figure P1.4

5. The piston of a vertical piston cylinder device containing as gas has a mass of 50 kg and a
cross sectional area of 0.02 m2, as shown in Figure P1.5.
a) Determine the pressure inside the cylinder. Ans: 124.525 kPa
b) During some process heat is lost by the gas to the surroundings and its volume decreases
to of the 3/4th of initial volume, determine its final pressure. [Take Patm = 100 kPa and g
= 9.81 m/s2] Ans: 124.525 kPa (TU 2069 Chaitra)

6. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in Figure P1.6 has a cross sectional area of 0.01 m2 and
a piston mass of 80 kg. If atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, what should be the gas pressure to
lift the piston? [Take g = 9.81 m/s2] Ans: 178 .48 kPa
7. A piston cylinder device loaded with a linear spring with a spring constant of k = 100 kN/m
contains a gas initially at a pressure of 100 kPa and a volume of 0.05 m3, as shown in Figure
P1.7. The cross sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m2. Initially spring touches the piston but
exerts no force on it. Heat is supplied to the system until its volume doubles, determine the
final pressure. (TU 2072 Chaitra) Ans: 600 kPa

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Figure P1.5 Figure P1.6 Figure P1.7

8. For the piston cylinder device shown in Figure P1.8, determine the absolute pressure inside
the device. [Take Patm = 101.3 kPa] Ans:301.3 kPa

9. A 15 kg piston in a cylinder with diameter of 0.15 m is loaded with a linear spring and the outside
atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa, as shown in Figure P1.9. The spring exerts no force on the piston
when it is at the bottom of the cylinder and for the state shown, the pressure is 300 kPa with volume
of 0.02 m3. The valve is opened to let some air in, causing the piston to rise 5 cm. Find the new
pressure. [Take g = 9.81 m2/s] (TU 2071 Bhadra) Ans: 308.7 kPa

Figure P1.8 Figure P1.9

10. A new scale N of temperature is deviced in such a way that the freezing point of ice is 100 oN
and boiling point is 400oN. What will be the temperature reading on this new scale when the
temperature is 150o C? At what temperature both the celsius and new temperature scale reading
would be the same?
Ans: 550 N, - 50o N or -50oC

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Assignment 1

1. The device shown in the Figure P1.1 has a free moving piston between the two chambers. The
initial total volumes of A and B are equal with specific volumes A = 100 m3/kg and B = 50
m3/kg. If the piston is moved so that x is one - fourth of the entire length, determine the final
specific volumes of chambers A and B. (TU 2069 Poush, TU 2073 Chaitra)
Ans: 50 m3/kg, 75 m3/kg
2. At the inlet and exhaust of a turbine the absolute steam pressure are 6000 kPa and 4.0 cm of
Hg, respectively. Barometric pressure is 75 cm of Hg. Calculate the gauge pressure for the
entering steam and the vacuum gauge pressure for the exhaust steam. [Take ρHg = 13600 kg/m3
and g = 9.81 m/s2]
Ans: 5899.94 kPa, - 94.725 kPa

3. A vertical piston – cylinder device shown in Figure P1.3 contains a gas at a pressure of 100
kPa. The piston has a mass of 5 kg and a diameter of 12 cm. Pressure of the gas is to be
increased by placing some weights on the piston. Determine the local atmospheric pressure
and the mass of the weights that will double the pressure of the gas inside the cylinder.
Ans: 95.663 kPa, 115.29 kg

4. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in Figure P1.4 has the cross-sectional area of 0.01 m2 and a
piston mass of 80 kg. If the atmospheric pressure is 1 bar, what should be the gas pressure to lift
the piston? If 50 kg mass is added above the piston, what would be the new pressure?
(TU 2071 Shrawan) Ans: 178.48 kPa, 227.53 kPa

Figure P1.1 Figure P1.3 Figure P1.4

5. Figure P1.5 shows a tank within a tank, each containing air. Pressure gage A is located inside the
tank B and reads 140 kPa. The U-tube manometer connected to tank B contains mercury. Using
data on the diagram, determine the absolute pressures inside the tank A and tank B.
Ans: 267.664 kPa, 127.664 kPa

6. A 5 kg piston in a cylinder with diameter of 100 mm is loaded with a linear spring and the
outside atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa. The spring exerts no force on the piston when it is at
the bottom of the cylinder and for the state shown in Figure P1.6, the pressure is 400 kPa with
volume of 0.4 L. The valve is opened to let some air in, causing the piston to rise 2 cm. Find
the new pressure. [Take g = 9.81 m/s2] (TU 2075 Baishakh)
Ans: 515.35 kPa

7. For the piston cylinder device shown in Figure P1.7, determine the absolute pressure inside
the device. Ans: -16.384 kPa
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Figure P1.5

m = 30 kg
g = 9.807 m/s2
Patm = 101.3 kPa
A = 0.0025 m2

Figure P1.6 Figure P1.7

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