Fundamental rights, (theory )
By Deepak Sharma
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e onstituti onalProvision/สสาล s aera
•Enshrined in Part Illof the Indian Constitution (Articles 12 to 35)
Anspired by the Bill of Rightsof the USA Constitution
I Part Ill - Magna Carta of India
•Referred to as the "Magna Carta of India"
•Contains comprehensive justiciable rights
•More detailed than Fundamental Rights in any other country, even the USA
C oreValues / d f a i ส
lit
blici n t e r s t
Let me know if you'd like this in table form, visual slide, PDF, or for a YouTube short!
• The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part Ill)of the Constitution from Articles
12 t o 35.
• The framers of the Constitution derived inspiration from the Constitution of USA
(i.e., Bill of Rights).
• Part Ill fo the Const ion
itut s
i rightly described s
a the Mg
a na Carta of India.
• Fundamental rights are justiciable'
• The Fundamental Rights are guaranteed by the Constitution to all persons
without any discrimination
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Justiciable
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•nI the original Constitution@Fundamental Rights are mentioned
[Link] to equality (Articles 14-18) /
2. Right to freedom (Articles 19-22) /
3. Right against exploitation (Articles 23-24) / 케티
Si t ( u tune
4. Rg
iht ot freedom of religion (Articles 25-28) /
5. Cultural and educational rights (Articles 29-30) /
6. Right to property (Article 31)
7. Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32)/
• The right ot property was deleted 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
• tIthere
si mare
ade only
alegalsixrigtypes
ht unofderFundamental
Article 300A
- Rights.
ni Part Xilf hte Constitution;
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( 1 -
eitur a Tatae 3Tteldl (3To) 2 G 23-24)
H i tenGe 3i ra fe e 3 Ec T(31a zeia 29-30)
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ส สยาลต3UaI a T3112chr (31a ut d32)
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Fundamental Rights Artic le Provisions
A a d Eauskiy • Equayl Beyar oL Equality Before Law
14-18 » Caste N
- Race c i a
• gnei vea
15) =R • P r o h i b i t i o n o f Discrimination
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acel Biot tt944
Pablic oppstunit y
Equality of Opportunity in Public
Right to Equality • 16) Employment
~ a - unouch. • Abolition of Untouch ability
miltary
~ 81 - Academeis • Abolition of Titles
3ak caste
1-8
Race
14- Equality-Before daw Regilam
Ser
15=5-45-7920
16- Public oppostunity Plecef hirth!
untouch. mility
17 -
81 +342n 1AHse Acens.
• Protection of 6 Rights
6 freedom • Right to freedom of speech and
expression.
• Right to assemble peaceably and
@ Assemble withouta r m s .
19-29) • Right to form associations o r
19
3 Associahm r unions or co-operative societies.
Indua
I Move — • Right to move freely throughout
t h e territory of india.
• Right ot reside and settle in any
part of the territory of India.
• Right to practice any profession or
• R i g h t t o Freedom to carry on any occupation, trade
19-22 o r business.
• 20
Th 314<94 e R 401 • Protection in Respect of Conviction
for Offences
• L olberty • Protection of Life and Personal
Liberty
. (21A 6 - yTr lEare • Right to Education
• 2 - 24hus May Arvest • Protection Against Arrest and
Detention
9719) = Freedom →
6 14-18)
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uestro prates o
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• Prohibition o f
2 3 Human Trafficking
Right Against a n d Forced Laboyr
Exploitation
0-14→ No
14-18 - Haemless Prohibition of Child
21|401 24
18 Labour
• Freedom of
95-18 Conscience,
25
Profession, Practice
Right t o Freedom o f
•
and Propagation
Religion
• Freedom t o Manage
• 26
Religious Affairs
F r e e d o m f r o m Taxation f o r
• 27
Promotion o f a Religion
• Freedom from Attending
• 28
Religious Instruction
C arpi cut raf eduat m
e
Educational a n d Cultural
• (29)) M i nont e r HH47784 • Protection o f Interests of
Rights Minorities
3 T513 Cuture
•
_ Fee Edechco
30-
Right of Minorities t o Establish
a n d Administer Educational
Institutions
24TarI 513754914 4~214 ( a3 4지 #
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. Rig ht t o rem edi es for t h e
enforcementoft h e
fundamental rights using fi v e
writs:
Habeas Corpus - t o direct t h e
release of a person detained
unlawfully.
M a n d a m u s - t o direct a public
•Richtot constitutional
Remedies •@-Raluat authority to d o its duty.
Q u o Wa r r a n t o - t o d i r e c t a
person t o v a c a t e a n office
assumed wrongfully.
Prohibition - t o prohibit a lower
court from proceeding on a
case.
Certiorari - t h e power of t h e
higher cou rt to rem ove a
proceeding f r o m a l o w e r court
and bring it before itself.
• S o m e of t h e m a r e available only to t h e citizens while others a r e available to all.
• The state can impose reasonable restrictions on them.
• They are justiciable, allowing persons to move the courts for their
enforcement, if and when they are violated.
• They can be suspended during the operation of a National Emergency except
the rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 2 1 ,
• Further, hte sxi rights guaranteed by Article 19Can be suspended only when
emergency is declared on the grounds of war or external aggression (i.e., external
emergency) and not on the ground of armed rebellion (i.e., internal emergency).
Emergency →
Extrenaleg India quaR
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3141V416 €352 National Emergency P e
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20, 2154stud 359. MoNe
Article 12 has defined the term S
' TATE' for the purposes of Part
Ill. According to it, the State includes the following:
(a) Government and Parliament of India, that is, executive and legislative organs
of the Union government.
(b) Government and legislature of states, that is, executive and legislative organs
of state
government.
(c) Al local authorities, that is, municipalities, panchayats, district boards,
impr ovem ent trust s, etc.
(d) Al other authorities, that is, statutory or non-statutory authorities like LIC,
ONGC, SAIL, etc.
Exception According to the Supreme Court, even a private body or an agency
wo rki ng a s a n
instrument of the State falls within the meaning of the 'State' under Article 12.
A712 A M R STATE
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