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Mathematical Concepts and Formulas

The document contains a series of mathematical problems and solutions covering topics such as set theory, permutations, trigonometric identities, and sequences. It includes formulas for subsets, permutations, and specific calculations involving natural numbers and complex numbers. Each entry provides a concise answer or formula relevant to the problem posed.

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Anuj Rastogi
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
6 views3 pages

Mathematical Concepts and Formulas

The document contains a series of mathematical problems and solutions covering topics such as set theory, permutations, trigonometric identities, and sequences. It includes formulas for subsets, permutations, and specific calculations involving natural numbers and complex numbers. Each entry provides a concise answer or formula relevant to the problem posed.

Uploaded by

Anuj Rastogi
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

(b) {2, 3} [Intersection of sets A and B]

2. (c) 2ⁿ [Number of subsets formula]

3. (c) N [Natural numbers as universal set]

4. (d) a = c and b = d [Ordered pair equality condition]

5. (a) (a,a) ∈ R ∀ a [Reflexive relation definition]

6. (b) 1 [Trigonometric identity sec²θ - tan²θ = 1]

7. (c) (√3 - 1)/(2√2) [Using sin(15°) = sin(45°-30°)]

8. (c) cosθ [sin(90°+θ) = cosθ]

9. (a) 3 - 4i [Conjugate changes sign of imaginary part]

10. (c) 1 [i^2024 = (i^4)^506 = 1^506 = 1]

11. (d) 2 [(1+i)(1-i) = 1 - i² = 1 - (-1) = 2]

12. (a) x < 4 [2x - 5 < 3 → x < 4]

13. (b) 1 [ⁿP₀ = 1 by definition]

14. (d) n!/(n-r)! [Permutation formula]

15. (b) 60 [⁵C₂ × ⁴C₁ × 3! = 10 × 4 × 6 = 60]

16. (a) 3n - 1 [AP formula: aₙ = 2 + (n-1)3 = 3n - 1]

17. (b) n(n + 1)/2 [Sum of first n natural numbers]

18. (a) arⁿ⁻¹ [GP nth term formula]

19. (a) Both correct and R explains A [i² = -1 by definition]

20. (a) Both correct and R explains A [⁶P₃ = 6!/(6-3)! = 120]

21. Example: {1, 2} [Any subset of {1,2,3,4} is valid]

22. Domain: {1,2,3}, Range: {2,3,4} [First and second elements of ordered
pairs]

23. (√6 + √2)/4 [sin75° = sin(45°+30°) = sin45°cos30° + cos45°sin30°]

24. Modulus: 5 [√(3² + (-4)²], Inverse: (3 + 4i)/25 [1/(3-4i) = (3+4i)/25]

25. x > 4 [3x - 7 > 5 → x > 4] OR -1 < x < 3 [|x-1|<2 → -2<x-1<2 → -1<x<3]

26. f(x) + f(1/x) = (x³ - 1/x³) + (1/x³ - x³) = 0 [Direct substitution]


27. LHS = 2 + 2cos(x-y) = 4cos²((x-y)/2) [Expanding and simplifying]

OR [Using sum-to-product identities for cosine terms]

28. Square both sides: |x+iy|² = √(|a+ib|/|c+id|) → (x²+y²)² = (a²+b²)/(c²+d²)


[Modulus property]

29. -34/3 ≤ x ≤ 22/3 [Solve -5 ≤ (2-3x)/4 ≤ 9 → -20 ≤ 2-3x ≤ 36 → -22 ≤ -3x


≤ 34 → -34/3 ≤ x ≤ 22/3]

30. r = 7 [Solve 22!/(21-r)! ÷ 20!/(18-r)! = 11/52 → r=7] OR n = 5 [Solve (2n)


(2n-1)(2n-2)/(n)(n-1)(n-2) = 12 → n=5]

31. 104060401 [(100+1)⁴ = 100⁴ + 4×100³ + 6×100² + 4×100 + 1 =


104060401]

32. Between 320L and 960L [Solve 4% < (51.2 + 0.02x)/(640+x) < 6% →
320 < x < 960]

33. i) 504 [⁹C₄ × ⁴C₃ = 126 × 4] ii) 588 [504 + (⁹C₃ × ⁴C₄) = 504 + 84]

34. 8ab(a² + b²) [Expansion], 40√6 [Substitute a=√3, b=√2 → 8×√6×(3+2) =


40√6]

35. aₙ = 6n - 1 [Sₙ - Sₙ₋₁ = (3n²+2n) - (3(n-1)²+2(n-1)) = 6n-1], Yes AP


[Common difference d=6]

OR S₃ = 3(S₂ - S₁) [Let Sₙ = n/2[2a + (n-1)d], then S₂ - S₁ = a + (3n/2)d, S₃ =


3n/2[2a + (3n-1)d]]

36. a) x=0, y=-1 [V - (V + I) = -I = -(2-i) = -2 + i = 2x + yi → x=0, y=-1]

b) Modulus: √5 [√(2² + (-1)²], Conjugate: 2 + i [Change sign of imaginary


part]

c) 11 + 2i [(4+3i)(2-i) = 8-4i+6i-3i² = 8+2i+3 = 11+2i]

37. a) 15600 [26P3 = 26×25×24]

b) 1460 [Total - no vowels = 15600 - (21×20×19) = 15600 - 7980]

c) 17576 [26³ when repetition allowed]

38. a) AP with d=5 [10, 15, 20,... with common difference 5]

b) ₹55 [aₙ = 10 + (n-1)5 → a₁₀ = 10 + 45 = 55]

c) ₹510 [S₁₂ = 12/2(2×10 + 11×5) = 6×85 = 510]

d) Yes AP [Constant difference between terms]

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