Welcome to class! Welcome to Class !!

We are eager to have you join us !!

In today’s Mathematics class, We will be discussing “Approximation of

Numbers”. We hope you enjoy the class!

Numbers classnotesng

APPROXIMATION OF NUMBERS ROUNDING OFF TO DECIMAL PLACES

Digits 1,2,34 are rounded down to Zero, while digits 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are
rounded up to 1 e.g. 126=130 to 2 digits

A significant figure begins from the first non-zero digit at the left of a
number. Digit should be written with their correct place values.

Worked example

Round off the following to the nearest (i) Thousand (ii) hundred (ii) ten

(a) 8615 (b) 16,560

Solution

a.

i) 8615 ≈ 9000 {to the nearest thousand}

ii) 8615 ≈8600 {to the nearest hundred}

iii) 8615 ≈8620 {to the nearest ten}

b.

(i) 16560≈17000 {to the nearest thousand}

(ii) 1660≈16, 600 {to the nearest hundred}

(iii) 16560 ≈16560 {to the nearest ten}

Round off the following to the nearest (i) whole number (ii) tenth (iii)
hundred

(a) 3.125 (b) 0.493

Solution

a.

(I) 3.125≈3 {to the nearest whole number}

(ii) 3.125≈3.1{to the nearest tenth}

(iv) 3.125≈3.13{to the nearest hundredth}

b.

(i) 0.493≈0 {to the nearest whole number}

 (ii) 0.493≈0.5{to the nearest tenth}

(iii) 0.493≈0.49{to the nearest hundredth

Evaluation

Round off the following to a) p. (b) 2 d.p. (c) 3 d.p.

(1)12.9348 (2) 5.0725 (3) 0.9002

Square Roots of Numbers

The symbol ‘√’ means “square root of”. To find the square root of a
number, first, find its factors.

Examples

Find the square root of 11025

Solution

(a) √11025
3 | 11025

3 | 3675

5 | 1225

5 | 245

7 | 49

7 | 7

√11025= √(32 x 52 x 72)= 3 X 5 X 7=105

Example

Find the square roots of √49/9

Solution:

49

49

9
=

Square roots table maths classnotesng

In today’s class, we will be talking about the lowest common multiple

(LCM) and the highest common factor (HCF) of whole numbers. Enjoy the
class!

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) and Highest Common Factor (HCF) of

Whole Numbers

Highest common factor (H.C.F):

The highest common factor of the two given numbers is the highest of the
factors common to both numbers.

Example 1

Find the H.C.F. of 20 and 32.

20 = 2 x 2 x 5

32 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
The H.C.E of 20 and 32 is the product of the prime factors common to
both numbers.

That is 2 X 2 = 4

Example 2

Find the H.C.F. of 42 and 70.

42 = 2 x 3 x 7

70 = 2 x 5 x 7

The H.C.F. of 42 and 70 = 2 x 7 = 14

Example 3

Find the H.C.F of 2³ x 3² x 5², 2⁴ x 3 x 5³, 3³ x 5 x 7, 2² x 3³ x 5 x 7

2³ x 3² x 5² = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 5

2⁴ x 3 x 5³ = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 x 5

2² x 3³ x 5 x 7 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 7

H.C.F =3 x 5 = 15

Activity 1

Find the H.C.F of the following:

60 and 48,

38 and 95,

60 and 96, by:

(a) The method of listing common factors;

(b)The method of expressing the numbers as products of prime factors.

Which of the two methods are less laborious?

Multiples of a Given Whole Number

The 1st multiple of number 7 is 1 X 7 = 7

The 3rd multiple of number 7 is 3 x 7 = 21

The 6th multiple of number 7 is 6 x 7 = 42

The 11th multiple of number 7 is 11 x 7 = 77

The multiple of number 7 may now be listed as 1 x 7, 2 x 7, 3 x 7, 4 x 7…

Note: The three dots… are used to indicate that some multiples in the list
have not to be written down. The dots… may be read and so on.

If we list the first six counting numbers, we get, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. If we

multiply each of them by any number, say 7 we get

1x7=7 2 x 7 = 14

3 x 7 = 21 4 X 7 = 28
5 x 7 = 35 6 x 7 = 42

We say the numbers 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, are multiples of 7.

Activity 2

Complete the following table

Number

Order of Multiple

Multiple Number

Required

23 8th

15

12th

6 42nd
320

5th

18

50th

List the first thirty-one multiples of 9 omitting those from the 4 th to the
29th.

List the first twenty multiples of 6.

What is the 10th multiple of 12?

List the multiples of 8. How many?

What is the 25th multiple of 24?

What is the 60th multiple of 19?

In our next class, we will be talking more about the Lowest Common
Multiple (Lcm) and Highest Common Factor (HCF) of Whole Numbers. We
hope you enjoyed the class

Welcome to class!
In today’s class, we will be talking about the lowest common multiple
(LCM) and the highest common factor (HCF) of whole numbers. Enjoy the
class!

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) and Highest Common Factor (HCF) of

Whole Numbers

Highest common factor (H.C.F):

The highest common factor of the two given numbers is the highest of the
factors common to both numbers.

Example 1

Find the H.C.F. of 20 and 32.

20 = 2 x 2 x 5

32 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
The H.C.E of 20 and 32 is the product of the prime factors common to
both numbers.

That is 2 X 2 = 4

Example 2

Find the H.C.F. of 42 and 70.

42 = 2 x 3 x 7

70 = 2 x 5 x 7

The H.C.F. of 42 and 70 = 2 x 7 = 14

Example 3
Find the H.C.F of 2³ x 3² x 5², 2⁴ x 3 x 5³, 3³ x 5 x 7, 2² x 3³ x 5 x 7

2³ x 3² x 5² = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 5

2⁴ x 3 x 5³ = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 x 5

2² x 3³ x 5 x 7 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 7

H.C.F =3 x 5 = 15

Activity 1

Find the H.C.F of the following:

60 and 48,

38 and 95,
60 and 96, by:

(a) The method of listing common factors;

(b)The method of expressing the numbers as products of prime factors.

Which of the two methods are less laborious?

Multiples of a Given Whole Number

The 1st multiple of number 7 is 1 X 7 = 7

The 3rd multiple of number 7 is 3 x 7 = 21

The 6th multiple of number 7 is 6 x 7 = 42

The 11th multiple of number 7 is 11 x 7 = 77

The multiple of number 7 may now be listed as 1 x 7, 2 x 7, 3 x 7, 4 x 7…

Note: The three dots… are used to indicate that some multiples in the list
have not to be written down. The dots… may be read and so on.

If we list the first six counting numbers, we get, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. If we

multiply each of them by any number, say 7 we get

1x7=7 2 x 7 = 14

3 x 7 = 21 4 X 7 = 28

5 x 7 = 35 6 x 7 = 42
We say the numbers 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, are multiples of 7.

Activity 2

Complete the following table

Number

Order of Multiple

Multiple Number

Required
23 8th

15

12th

6 42nd

320
5th

18

50th

List the first thirty-one multiples of 9 omitting those from the 4 th to the
29th.

List the first twenty multiples of 6.

What is the 10th multiple of 12?

List the multiples of 8. How many?

What is the 25th multiple of 24?

What is the 60th multiple of 19?

In our next class, we will be talking more about the Lowest Common
Multiple (Lcm) and Highest Common Factor (HCF) of Whole Numbers. We
hope you enjoyed the class.