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Arduino Programming Basics Cheatsheet

This Arduino Programming Cheatsheet provides a concise overview of essential programming structures, data types, and functions used in Arduino development. It includes information on digital and analog I/O, serial communication, control structures, and useful built-in functions. The document serves as a quick reference for setting up and controlling Arduino projects.

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Sam S
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10 views1 page

Arduino Programming Basics Cheatsheet

This Arduino Programming Cheatsheet provides a concise overview of essential programming structures, data types, and functions used in Arduino development. It includes information on digital and analog I/O, serial communication, control structures, and useful built-in functions. The document serves as a quick reference for setting up and controlling Arduino projects.

Uploaded by

Sam S
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Arduino Programming Cheatsheet

Structure
void setup() { // runs once at startup } void loop() { // runs repeatedly }

Data Types
int x = 10; // -32,768 to 32,767 long y = 100000L; // -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
float z = 3.14; // decimals (6-7 digits precision) double d = 3.14159; // same as float
on most boards char c = 'A'; // single character String s = "Hello"; // text string bool
b = true; // true or false

Digital I/O
pinMode(pin, INPUT); // input mode pinMode(pin, OUTPUT); // output mode
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH); // set pin high (5V / 3.3V) digitalWrite(pin, LOW); // set pin
low (0V) int val = digitalRead(pin); // read HIGH/LOW

Analog I/O
int val = analogRead(A0); // read 0–1023 (10-bit ADC) analogWrite(pin, 128); // PWM
output 0–255 (~analog)

Serial Communication
[Link](9600); // start serial at 9600 baud [Link]("Value: "); // print text
[Link](val); // print + newline

Control Structures
if (x > 10) { ... } else if (x == 10) { ... } else { ... } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{ ... } while (condition) { ... } do { ... } while (condition); switch (val) { case 1:
...; break; default: ...; }

Useful Functions
delay(ms); // wait (milliseconds) millis(); // time since program start
map(val,0,1023,0,255); // remap a range constrain(x,0,255); // keep within range
random(0, 100); // random 0–99

Common Built-in Functions


pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // setup pin 13 as output digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn LED on
delay(1000); // wait 1s digitalWrite(13, LOW); // turn LED off

Common questions

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In Arduino programming, digital input/output management is facilitated through several functions: 'pinMode(pin, INPUT)' sets a pin as an input, 'pinMode(pin, OUTPUT)' sets it as an output, 'digitalWrite(pin, HIGH)' sets the output high to 5V or 3.3V, 'digitalWrite(pin, LOW)' sets it low or 0V, and 'digitalRead(pin)' reads the current value from an input pin, which can be either HIGH or LOW .

Control structures like 'if', 'switch', and various loops (for, while, do-while) in Arduino provide a robust framework for decision-making and iteration. 'if' statements offer conditional branching, 'switch' provides an efficient alternative for variable-based selection, and loops ensure repeated execution of code blocks given certain conditions, making them effective for diverse programming needs .

On most Arduino boards, the data types 'float' and 'double' are identical, both offering 6-7 digits of precision for decimal values. This means 'double' does not offer greater precision despite being typically used for double-precision numbers in other programming environments .

In Arduino programming, the purpose of 'void setup()' is to initialize settings; it runs once when the program starts. 'void loop()' is designed to run repeatedly and executes code continuously after 'void setup()' has completed .

The 'delay(ms)' function pauses program execution for a specified number of milliseconds, which can help with timing-related tasks but may freeze other processes. In contrast, 'millis()' returns the time in milliseconds since the program started, allowing for timing control without pausing other tasks, thereby enabling more complex timing functions without halting code execution .

Arduino handles serial communication using functions such as 'Serial.begin(9600)', which starts the serial communication at a specified baud rate, 'Serial.print()', which outputs text, and 'Serial.println()', which outputs text followed by a newline character .

The 'map(val,0,1023,0,255)' function in Arduino remaps a number from one range to another, maintaining the proportion relative to both ranges. For example, mapping a sensor value from an analog range (0-1023) to a PWM range (0-255) is useful when converting input sensor data to output control signals, effectively scaling the input to match the desired output resolution .

Setting a pinMode before using 'digitalWrite' or 'digitalRead' is crucial because it defines the pin's role as an input or output. Neglecting this step can lead to incorrect behavior, such as an inability to read input states or unintended electrical states on outputs, which can potentially damage the Arduino board or connected components .

In Arduino, analog signal reading and writing are managed by 'analogRead(A0)' and 'analogWrite(pin, 128)', respectively. 'analogRead' reads the analog value from a specified pin, ranging from 0 to 1023, while 'analogWrite' sends a PWM signal to a pin, with possible values between 0 and 255 .

In Arduino, the 'random(0, 100)' function generates a pseudo-random number between the specified range, excluding the upper limit. It is particularly useful in scenarios requiring variability, such as simulating sensor noise, creating non-repetitive patterns, or handling unpredictability in interactive applications .

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