6
Chapter
Emotion
INTRODUCTION
It is derived from the Latin word"emovere" mneans to be stirred un. Itis
stirred up state of mind. Emotion is a strong feeling. It is a disturbed
glandular and muscular activity. It increases energy mobilization
Crow and Crow convey that an emotion "is an affective experience
that accompanies generalized inner adjustment and mental and
physiological stirred-up states in the individual and that shows itself
in hi_overt behavior"
According to Charles G. Morris, "Emotion" is acomplex affective
experience that involves diffuse physiological changes and can be
expressed overtly incharacteristic behavior patterns.|
In our day-to-day life activity, we experience mány feelings like
pleasure, joy, disappointment, grief, etd The feelings
or emotions
may be in twotypes:
Pleasant emotions-jov, happiness, affection, etc.
emotions-fear, anger, jealousy, anxiety, disgust, etc
Unpleasant
subjective response that is usually accompanied by
Emotion isa
and is associated with a change in behavior.
aphysiological change
Differences
Emotion
CHARACTERISTICS OF EMOTIONS
Emotion is astrong feeling
Add color and spice to life
C
Aroused state in the organism
Associated with physiological changes
emotion, other activities like perception,
During
consciousness and memory are affected learning,
Along with bodily changes, "psychological changes"also take nla.
place
Emotions are universal, prevalent in every living organism
Emotionsare personal, differ fromn individual to individual An
An emotion can give rise to number of other similar emotione p a y
Emotions have the quality of displacement
Emotions occur along with feelings. orb
PsychologicalChanges of Emotions
The psychological changes of emotions includes following:
Confusion
Blocking of memory
Clouding of consciousness.
PhysiologicalChanges of Enmotions
Physiological changes of emotions can be of two types, which are as
follows:
Internal changes
Ro
External changes. Itis
Cor
Internal changes: Intense emotions have
the body. This is due to the physiological effects on the
autonomic nervous sstem. It has two 0mp
subdivisions, namely: ma
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division.) Ro
The sympatheticCnervous
action during aroused state$, system prepares the body foremergency Ex
adrenaline andInoradrenaline. It causes discharge of hormo
partsof the body through blood Adrenaline gets circulated to different
Increased blood pressure andand produces the following chany
heart rate
Changes in the rate of respiration
Excitation--increased rate
Depression--decreased rate
Emotion | 43
Dilation of pupils
Sweating
Decreased secretion of saliva
Increase in blood sugar
Production of more energy 1 0Marks)
Decreased mobility of the gastrointestinal tract :BestAnswer
ace Erect hairon the skin (goOse pimples)
Changes in the frequency of the brain waves
Muscular tension and tremors.
Chronic sympatheticactivity máy cause psychosomatic disorders. Ab e
used
An emotion tension state, which is prolonged in life, may cause
physical problems to the person. J O ds
ye g r
The role of parasympathetic is to control all the above activities
or bodily changes. apyalwa
External changes: J v i d em
Change in the voice
Change in facial expression
Changes in thedifferent parts of the body, [Link] of the body yhenor
posture and gestures JOn.
Nonverbal expressions, for example,
disgust in any culture.
T R
1. Spitting at other persons means contempt or
extreme disgust.
2. Throwing shoes at another person is a sign of
i n g
as
Role of Reticular Activating System (RAS)
uili
controlling sleep and awakening also to some extent
It is the system interconnectingneurons between
concerned in enotion. RAS has got
receives
and cortex via the brain stem. It not only
the spinal cord sends information to cortex. It is
on but also
impulses from the brain,
Wo emotion.
made active during
Role of Hypothalamus
areas of
stimulation of the certain
proved that So,
Experiments emotions, such as fear.
kind of
hypothalamus mnight elicit some
having some role in emotion.
hypothalamus is also
TPARTS OF EMOTION emotion:
emotions, which give rise to
different parts of
Followingare the
Subjective feeling
Emotional expression
Physiotherapists
Psychology for
44 | A n g
Physiological arousal
Emotion interpretation.
HEREDITY ANDEMOTION ash
basis.
Emotional responses genetic
hereditary
must also have a influence Experiments
on animals,
losi
have shown that emotion has
relatively tame.
For
and white rats are
example, dogs, cats domesticated.
Certainly, frus
have seldom been the
Wild animals seemto be inherited.
major factor is their
emotional behaviors
.The
on the wild grey rats and white ratss by crossingthem So
experiment made be
the genetic influence.
showed
Extending these findings to human beings has not proved easy.
identify precisely and harder
Emotional reactions are harder to
their intellectual performance. Though the proof is not es
measure
nevertheless cleared enouot
striking as in the case ofintelligence, it is
behavior of peonle
toshow a hereditary component in theemotional
NATURE AND CONTROL OF FEAR, ANXIETY AND
ANGER
Fear
The situation that producesfear changes with age. In infancy, the main
causes of fear may be loss of support, experiencing something like a
loud noise, stuff animals or false faces.
As children grow older, threats of various kinds become causes
of fear. Being left aloneor being alone in the dark or watching horror
movies can include fear. During adolescence, social threat can become
the cause of fear.
Fear is a learned emotion, this can be controlled by getting
tothese stimuli slowly (behavior modification). useu
Anxiety
A vague fearexperienced without knowing the reason or
matter. One cause of anxiety is unconscious happenings
It may be childhood experience, which is memory
stored inofafear stumtu
the unconscious
mind (repression).
Another cause of anxiety is stimulus generalization, when we learn
aaresponse to a particular situation we
Anxiety leads to conficts. These have refer it to all similar
situations
to be controlled through proper
counseling and psychotherapy depending on severity.
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Emotion | 45
Anger
Any interference with goal-directed activity provokes anger. It starts
with infants. Any restriction to their activity willproduce anger, such
as having things taken away, having their face washed, being left alone,
losing the attention of adults.
In older children and adolescents, the cause can be social
trustration and disappointment, sarcasm, bossiness,
others.
One important aspect ofanger is that we don't want to see in
Society attempts to teach us not to be angy. We try to Suppress our anger
others.
because we don't uant people to be angry with
temporarily as a motive that needs to be vented.
Anger functions
frustration.
When it is not done, we sufer with