MICROTEACHING
Once you learn to read,
you will be forever free.
PRESENTED BY-
Manashi
– Frederick Douglass
Bsc(H)Nursing
llnd Year
Sep 8
EDEMA
CONTENTS
●What is Edema?
●Diseases causing Edema.
●Types of Edema.
●Risk Factors.
●Causes of Edema.
●Pathophysiology of
Edema.
●Some strategies to
follow to manage Edema.
●Medical Managements.
●Nursing Managements.
●Complications.
WHY IT'S IMPORTANT TO STUDY
EDEMA?
• To identify the systemic diseases that we nurses can assess during routine assessment.
•
• It's a hallmark symptom to indicate Heart Failure if a nurse's quick recognition of dependent Edema
(in legs and ankles) or pulmonary Edema(fluid in lungs) can lead to prompt treatment.
•
• To ensure the electrolyte imbalances by seeing the reports or Edema that could indicate Kidney &
Liver Failure.
•
• If the Edema is only in one leg (Unilateral edema) then it could be condition of DVT.
•
• What medications to administer like diuretics, etc..
•
• How to care for skin related issues like Pressure Ulcer & Infection in patients with Edema.
•
• To provide Heath education related to change in lifestyle of patients with Edema.
Wha i i ??
• Edema is an abnormal
accumulation of fluid in the
interstitial , located beneath the
skin and in the cavities of the
body.
Several diseases may cause edema
including:
●CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
●INADEQUATE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
●WEAKNESS OR DAMAGE TO VEINS IN YOUR LEGS
●KIDNEY DAMAGE
●KIDNEY DISEASES
●CIRRHOSIS
●SEVERE , LONG TERM PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
EDEMA can also be a side effect of some
medications including:
• High blood pressure ,medications.
• Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs.
• Steroid drugs.
• Estrogen.
• Certain diabetes medications.
CAUSES OF EDEMA
TYPES OF EDEMA:
1. Peripheral 2. Cerebral edema
edema .
It happens when the brain swells.
It is swelling of the legs. This is a very severe condition that can restrict the blood
Its caused by over flow.
retention of fluids in the
leg tissues in the
circulatory system,
lymphatic system or the
kidneys.
3. Lymphedema
4. Pedal edema
It is swelling in the arms or
legs, and sometimes it occurs It occurs when the fluid
in both. Damage to or builds up in your lower
removal of lymph nodes- legs and feet . This is a
usually due to cancer common condition
treatment - typically cause experienced by the
this type of edema. elderly and pregnant
people.
[Link] Edema
It is caused by accumulation of too much fluid in lungs or in the air sacs in lungs
making it difficult to breathe.
HOW IT OCCURS ?
Clinical manifestations of edema: -
common symptoms for
pitting edema
RISK FACTORS:
• Mild cases of edema may results
from:
• Sitting or staying in one position for too long
• Eating too much salty food
• Having premenstrual signs and symptoms
• Being pregnant
COMMON SITES
FOR EDEMA:-
1. Lower Legs, Ankles,
Feet(Periphery)
2. Hands (fingers)
[Link](Ascites)
[Link](Puffiness)
5. Chest(Lungs)
SOME NATURAL STRATEGIES TO FOLLOW :
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
Some common drugs used for treating Edema :-
Diuretics (Water Pills): These medications increase urine production,
helping the kidneys expel excess salt and water from the body.
Furosemide (e.g., Lasix): A common diuretic used for swelling due to
heart failure, liver, or kidney disease.
Hydrochlorothiazide: Another diuretic, often prescribed for high blood
pressure and edema.
Bumetanide: A powerful diuretic used for treating edema and heart
failure.
Corticosteroids: These are anti-inflammatory drugs that can be used
to treat edema caused by inflammation or allergic reactions.
Prednisone: A type of steroid used for allergic reactions, asthma, and
other inflammatory conditions.
DIET CHANGEMENT FOR TREATING
EDEMA:
1.
2.a
2.b
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
• Administer diuretics: Give prescribed diuretics to help the body expel excess fluid. Administer diuretics: Give prescribed diuretics to help the body
• expel excess fluid.
•
• Monitor fluid balance: Track total fluid intake and output, weighing the patient regularly to detect sudden weight changes indicating fluid shifts.
•
• Adjust fluid intake: Encourage sufficient oral fluid intake, as tolerated, and monitor the patient's response to IV fluids.
•
• Monitor labs: Check serum osmolarity, urine specific gravity, hematocrit, and BUN to assess fluid status.
•
• Elevate edematous limbs: Position affected limbs above heart level to promote venous return and reduce swelling.
•
• Apply compression devices: Use compression stockings or intermittent pneumatic compression sleeves to enhance venous return and reduce swelling.
•
• Promote circulation: Encourage regular, gentle physical activity to activate the skeletal muscle pump.
•
• Care for the skin: Keep the skin clean and dry and apply moisturizers to prevent cracking.
•
• Dietary adjustments: Advise patients on the importance of a low-sodium diet.
•
• Activity recommendations: Teach the importance of regular, gentle exercise to improve circulation.
•
• Recognize worsening signs: Educate patients and families to identify early signs of worsening edema and when to seek medical attention.
COMPLICATIONS:
• Stretcher Skin: Prolonged swelling can stretch the skin, leading to itching (pruritus) and discomfort.
•
• Ulcers and Infection: Swollen skin is more prone to breakdown and ulcers, which can become infected.
•
• Scarring: Edema can cause scarring between tissue layers.
•
• Stiffness and Pain: Edema can cause stiffness and pain in affected limbs, making movement difficult.
•
• Difficulty Walking: Swelling in the legs and feet can hinder walking and daily activities.
•
• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Reduced circulation due to edema increases the risk of blood clots in the deep veins.
•
• Poor Circulation:
•
• Pulmonary Edema: Fluid in the lungs causing difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and chest pain
•
• Cerebral Edema: Fluid in the brain that can lead to increased intracranial pressure, headaches, lethargy, altered mental status, and even death.
•
• Organ Dysfunction: Edema can signal worsening heart, kidney, or liver conditions.
•
• Heart Failure: Edema can be a sign of, or lead to, worsening heart function.
•
• Cellulitis: A bacterial skin infection that can develop in areas of damaged skin caused by edema.
•
• Lymphedema
•
CONCLUSION
• In conclusion, edema is a significant clinical condition characterized by the accumulation of excess
fluid in the tissues, leading to visible swelling, puffiness, heaviness, and pitting on pressure. These
signs and symptoms help nurses quickly identify whether the swelling is peripheral, pulmonary,
cerebral, or related to lymphatic problems. Early recognition is important because edema can be
linked to serious conditions such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disorders, or venous
obstruction.
•
• Effective management includes both medical and nursing interventions. Medical treatment mainly
involves diuretics, corticosteroids when inflammation is present, and managing the underlying
cause. Nursing care focuses on monitoring fluid balance, checking vital signs and lab values,
elevating affected limbs, applying compression, encouraging movement, maintaining skin integrity,
and promoting a low-sodium diet.
•
• By understanding the causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and available treatments, nurses
can provide timely care, prevent complications, and support patients in improving their overall health
and quality of life.
1. Edema is best defined as:
A. Excess fluid inside blood vessels
B. Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial
spaces
C. Increased lymph flow
D. Dehydration of tissues
ANSWER : B
2. Which of the following diseases commonly causes
edema:
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Appendicitis
C. Gastritis
D. Congestive heart failure
ANSWER: D
3. Which type of edema occurs when fluid accumulates in the lungs?
A. Pedal edema
[Link] edema
C. Lymphedema
D. Cerebral edema
ANSWER: B
4. A common clinical feature of pitting edema is:
A. Redness and rash on skin
B. Pain on movement .
C. Indentation remains after pressure is applied
D. Loss of sensation
ANSWER : C
6. Which medication is commonly used as a diuretic
to treat edema?
A. Prednisone
B. Paracetamol
C. Furosemide (Lasix)
D. Metformin
ANSWER: C
[Link] nursing intervention that helps reduce
swelling by improving venous return is:
A. Increasing salt intake
B. Elevating the affected limb
C. Applying heat pads to the limb
D. Restricting all movement
AMSWER : B
7. A major complication of prolonged edema that
affects skin integrity is:
A. Pressure ulcers and Infection
B. Eczema
C. Psoriasis
D. Rosacea
ANSWER : A
8. Pulmonary edema often presents with which key
symptom?
A. Swelling in hands
B. Difficulty breathing and shortness of breath
C. Abdominal pain
D. Frequent urination
ANSWER: B
Thank You
For your Attention
Zoho Show
Manashi (Microteaching)Edema .pdf
(This PDF has been generated using Zoho Show)
To create beautiful presentations, download Zoho Show from Play Store [Link]