Specific Heat Measurement Experiment
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ScribdTranslationsSpecific Heat Measurement Experiment
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RICARDO PALMA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Professional Academic School of Civil Engineering
COURSE: PHYSICS II
TOPIC: 'SPECIFIC HEAT'
PROFESORA: RUIZ MOSTACERO, ZOILA
GROUP: 07
SCHEDULE: 1:50-3:30
1. VIRTUAL EXPERIMENT No. 8: Specific heat of a solid
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2. OBJECTIVE
Determine the specific heat ceof different materials (metals): Aluminum,
Copper and Bronze, through the method of Mixing
3. THEORY
When two bodies A and B that have different temperatures come into thermal contact,
after a certain time, they reach the equilibrium condition in which both bodies
they are at the same temperature.
Let's suppose that the temperature of body A is higher than that of body B, TATB.
We will observe that the temperature of B rises until it becomes almost equal to that of A.
inverse process, if object B has a temperature TBTAthe body A raises a little its
temperature until both are equal.
We say that a quantity of heat Q is transferred from the system of higher temperature to the
lower temperature system.
The amount of heat transferred is proportional to the change in temperature ΔT.
The constant of proportionality C (m ceIt is called the heat capacity of
system.
Q = CΔT = (m ce)ΔT
If bodies A and B are the two components of an isolated system, the body that is at
higher temperature transfers heat to the body that is at a lower temperature until both
they equal
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- If TATBBody A loses heat: QA=CA(T-TA),then QA<0
Body B receives heat: QB=CB(T-TB), then QB>0
Like QA+QB=0
The equilibrium temperature is obtained by the weighted average.
The heat capacity of the unit mass is referred to as C = m ce
The formula for heat transfer between bodies is expressed in terms of mass.
m, of specific heat candand the change in temperature T.
Q = mce(Tf-Ti)
where Tfit is the final temperature and Tiit is the initial temperature.
The specific heat is the amount of heat that must be supplied to one gram of a
substance to raise its temperature by one degree Celsius.
Joule demonstrated the equivalence between heat and work 1 cal = 4.186 J. The specific heat of
water is ce 1 cal/(g °C)
When several bodies at different temperatures meet in an adiabatic enclosure, they
they produce heat exchanges between them reaching the equilibrium temperature at
cabo de cierto tiempo. Cuando se ha alcanzado este equilibrio se debe cumplir que la suma
the amounts of heat exchanged is zero.
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The most commonly used unit of specific heat is cal/(g ºC) however, we must go
getting used to using the International System of Units of Measurement, and expressing the
specific heat in J/(kg·K). The conversion factor is 4186.
The amount of heat received or given off by a body is calculated using the following formula
Q = mcand(Tf-Ti)
Where m is the mass, ceit is the specific heat, Tiit is the initial temperature and Tf the temperature
final
-If TiTfel cuerpo cede calorQ<0
-If TI<Tfthe body receives heat Q>0
The experiment is conducted in a calorimeter consisting of a vessel (Dewar) or, alternatively,
conveniently insulated. The glass is sealed with a lid made of insulating material, with two
holes through which a thermometer and the stirrer come out.
Let's assume that the calorimeter is at the initial temperature T.0, and sea
-mvit is the mass of the calorimeter's cup and cevits specific heat.
-mtthe mass of the submerged part of the thermometer and candits specific heat
-mathe mass of the submerged part of the stirrer and ceaits specific heat- M the mass of
water contained in the glass, its specific heat is the unit
On the other hand:
Sean my cethe mass and the specific heat of the body problem at the initial temperature T. In
the equilibrium at temperature Tethe following relationship will be established.
(M+mvcev+mtcand+macea) (Te-T0) + m ce (Te-Ti=0
The heat capacity of the calorimeter is
K = mvcevcv+ mtcand+macea
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it is called the water equivalent of the calorimeter and is expressed in grams of water.
so, it represents the amount of water that has the same heat capacity as the glass of
calorimeter, submerged part of the stirrer and the thermometer and is a constant for each
calorimeter.
The specific heat of the unknown will therefore be
In this formula, we have an unknown quantity that we must determine.
experimentally.
−T )
K = M(TI e (1)
(Te−T 0
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1. A piece of solid material with a specific heat is weighed on a scale.
unknown, resulting in its mass. The piece is placed in almost boiling water.
temperature T.
2. You put grams of water in the calorimeter, stir it, and after a short time,
its temperature T is measured0.
3. The solid piece is quickly placed in the calorimeter. It is stirred, and after
after a certain time the equilibrium temperature T is reachede.
The data is recorded and c is [Link] the formula we have deduced in the first
section.
− T0)
(M+ K)(Te ( 2)
c=
it is
m(TI−T0)
The real experiment must be done very carefully, so that the measurement of specific heat
be sufficiently precise.
4. PROCEDURE
5. LOAD THE PROGRAM RELATED TO EXPERIMENT 8
[Link]
Activities
First part.
Measurement of the water equivalent of the calorimeter
The interactive program generates a random number that represents the equivalent in water of
calorimeter.
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We introduce the following data: Mass of water in grams in the calorimeter,
TemperaturaT0initial of the calorimeter, mass of water in grams in a graduated cylinder,
TemperaturaTdel agua
Se pulsa el botón tituladoPrepara, los termómetros y las escalas graduadas de medida del
water volume reflects the entered values.
If we are satisfied with the data entered, press the button titled Calculate. The mass
Water is poured into the calorimeter and the thermometer measures the final equilibrium temperature.
Te.
Second part.
Measurement of the specific heat of the solid
We introduce the following data:
MasaMde agua en gramos en el calorímetro, TemperaturaT0initial of the calorimeter, Mass
mdel sólido en gramos, TemperaturaTdel sólido en el baño
We chose the material of the solid in the control titled Solid: Aluminum, Copper, Tin,
Iron, Gold, Silver, Lead.
The button titled Prepare is pressed.
If we are satisfied with the entered data, the button titled 'Calculate' is pressed. The
solid is introduced into the calorimeter and the thermometer measures the final equilibrium temperature
Te.
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Complete Table I. Equivalent in water of a Calorimeter
Dough of Temperature Temperature Table of Temperature K
cold water M of cold water del water has from the (g)
T0C0 hot water hot m mix TeC 0
(g)
TI0C (g)
150 g 18C 0
80C 0
70C0 35C
0
397.058 g
160 g 25C
0
85C
0
80C
0
42C
0
404.705 g
170 g 30C
0
90C
0
90C
0
49C
0
366.842 g
Complete Table II. Calculation of Specific Heat Ces
M To m TI Te These
Material (g) 0C (g) C
0
C
0
(cal/g°C)
Aluminum 130g 15°C 50 g 25°C 16°C 2.6cal/g°C
Copper 140g 20°C 70g 35°C 21°C 2.0 cal/g°C
Bronze 150g 25°C 90g 45°C 26°C 1.67 cal/g°C
Calculate the specific heat of each sample using equation (2). Estimate the experimental error.
a) Aluminum.c = _____880 J/kg.K - 2.60 C____error
cal/g exp% =99.7%
880 J/kg.k
b) Copper. C____error
c = _____390 J/kg·K - 2 cal/g
0
exp% =99.5%
390 J/kg.k
c) Bronze. c = 230 J/kg·K - 1.67 cal/g
0
C___error exp% =99.3%
230 J/kg.k
Note: % error exp =((ce-c2)/ exp)100
table c table
The tables that contain values of the Specific Heat of various metals can be found in
the physics books.
6. CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
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In conclusion, we learned the differences between heat and temperature.
in which heat is a contact of 2 or more bodies of different
temperatures and energy exchange in temperature change
it is a property of matter.
We also learned how to use the calorimeter and how to measure heat.
specific of a solid and its respective steps
We could also observe that when an initial temperature is
greater than the final temperature, it releases heat instead when
the initial temperature is lower than the final one, it receives heat.