Types of Electric Lamps Explained
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ScribdTranslationsTypes of Electric Lamps Explained
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One of the purposes of the electric energy that reaches homes is to ensure the
lighting, through its conversion into light energy. This is transmitted through
light bulbs, which, according to Creder (2014), can be divided into incandescent,
downloads and solid state (LED).
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
Incandescent lamps are used in places where directed light is desired.
portable and with the flexibility to choose from various angles of light beam opening
(CREDER, 2014). They operate by the passage of current through a metal wire (made of
tungsten, with a melting point of 3,400 ºC), until it heats up to the point of reaching the
incandescence. Figure X shows the diagram of an incandescent lamp.
Figure 1 - Components of the incandescent lamp.
It is noted that the incandescent bulb consists of 7 parts. The transparent bulb
it functions to enclose the gases inside the lamp and protect the internal components. The
tungsten filament is responsible for incandescence, being supported by the Cane and the
central haste, and receiving the passage of electric current through the internal electrodes. The tube of
Exhaust is used to remove air from inside the bulb and to fill it with gases.
inert gases (nitrogen and argon).
FLUORESCENT LAMPS
These are lamps that, due to their excellent performance, are more suitable for lighting.
of interiors, such as offices, stores, industries, having indicated light spectra for
each application (CREDER, 2014). Figure X shows the interior of a fluorescent lamp.
It is observed that these consist of a cylindrical bulb, whose ends are connected to
metal electrodes through which electric current flows. The tube is coated with materials
fluorescents (phosphor crystals), and inside there is mercury or argon at low pressure,
that promote luminescence.
Figure 2 – Operation of a fluorescent lamp.
The operating principle involves the use of a starter and a reactor.
The starter is a timer cave that opens every 1 or 2 seconds, due to the contact and
separation of two metal rods with different expansion properties (One remains fixed and
the other expands and contracts according to the heat generated by the electric discharge). From
According to Creder (2014), the lamp filaments are heated and the discharge begins.
among the starter contacts. This discharge heats the bimetallic elements, and thus the
contacts close; shortly after the contacts are closed, the discharge ceases, which causes
fast cooling. Thus, the bimetallic element makes the contacts open again, and
this opening interrupts the current in the reactor which thus produces a 'voltage surge' between the
extremities of the reactor. This "overvoltage" causes an electric arc to break between the filaments, and
the circuit closes through the inside of the lamp, and no longer through the starter. The electrons,
moving from one filament to another, they collide along their path with the atoms of the vapor
of mercury (Figure X). These shocks cause the release of non-visible luminous energy.
(very high frequencies), such as ultraviolet radiation. This radiation is transmitted in all
the directions and, in contact with the fluorescent paint of the tube, produce luminous radiation
visible.
Figure 3 – current through the lamp.
Another important element is the reactor, whose function is to limit the value of the electric current.
which would tend to be very high if there were no resistance element. The reactor presents
a slight loss of energy.
The most commonly used fluorescent lamps in homes are compact ones.
(Figure X). According to Creder (2014), they have durability about 10 times greater than
than incandescent bulbs, and they are 80% more economical.
Figure 4 – example of a fluorescent lamp.
Ass
Mixed light bulb
We combine the high efficiency of mercury vapor lamps with the favorable properties.
ages of color of light sources with tungsten filament.
Although its efficiency is lower than that of the fluorescent lamp, it is, however, higher than that of the incandescent.
In general, it is used when one wishes to improve the performance of incandescent lighting.
, as it does not require any auxiliary equipment: just put
There instead of the incandescent; however, it is necessary that the network voltage be 220 volts. Its life
average is equal to of the incandescent lamp. They are used in lighting.
of interiors and exteriors, such as industries, warehouses, streets, gas stations, lighting
external, etc.
Sodium Vapor Lamp
These lamps are suitable for use in indoor and outdoor environments. The tube
the download is of aluminum oxide encapsulated by a glass bulb, covered
internally for a layer of powderdiffuser BELIEVE, 2014).
The high pressure sodium discharge enables the achievement of a high luminous efficiency and u
its good appearance of golden-white color. This lamp has a long life, low depreciation.
the luminous flux and stable operation.
The geometry and electrical characteristics of this lamp allow its use in the same
optical systems designated for mercury vapor lamps.
They are the lamps that show the best luminous efficiency; therefore, for the same level of d
and enlightenment,
we can save more energy than with any other type of bulb
2014). These lamps have a whitish-golden light appearance,
due to the hot band radiations. However, they allow the
visualization of all colors, because they reproduce the entire spectrum. They are used in lighting
street paving, outdoor areas, covered industries etc.
Metal halide lamps
The high-pressure metal halide lamps are suitable for application in...
internal and external reasons. They operate
according to the same principles of all discharge lamps, with radiation being proportional
there is iodine of indium, thallium, and sodium in addition to mercury (CREDER, 2014). These
lamps have high efficiency, high color reproduction index, low depreciation,
life long e high reliability.
The metal halide lamp has a spectral distribution specifically designed for
for obtaining an excellent signal to color television cameras.