REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
DR. MATEUS ANDRÉ GARCIA POLYTECHNIC HIGH SCHOOL
CURSO: INFORMÁTICA DE GESTÃO

Work
in me
THEME:

Group of Historical Evolution of ICTs

Constructive Learning Context

F.A.I
GROUP No.03
Class: 10th
Class: B
Room: 09
Period: Morning

GUIDE
Professor: Belo de Jesus Bernardo

February/2023
 Index
Introdução.............................................................................................................1
The new Technologies...........................................................................................2
Historical evolution of ICTs..................................................................................2
Antecedent Phase to World War II (1939–1945)..........................................5
Post-1945 Phase....................................................................................5
Historical evolution of ICT in Education...........................................................5
Dynamization in educational context..............................................................7
The ICT and socialization........................................................................................8
Communication
Human Relationship
Digital Exclusion
Practices in the workplace context.......................................................................11
Conclusão...........................................................................................................12
Bibliographic References..................................................................................13
Introduction

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) correspond to

all technologies that interfere and mediate informational processes
communicative beings. Furthermore, they can be understood as a set of
recursos tecnológicos integrados entre si, que proporcionam, por meio das funções
of hardware, software and telecommunications, the automation and communication of

business processes, scientific research, and teaching and learning.

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The new technologies

Mitchell (2006) considers the technological context of society.

information as being composed not only of microprocessors and the Internet,
but also by the set of new technologies mentioned in the 2005 list of
Lemelson - MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in the top 25 of innovation
technological. These new technologies are: the Internet, the mobile phone, the computer
guys, optical fiber, email, commercial GPS, computers
portable devices, portable memory disks, family digital cameras, RFID
(radio frequency identification), MEMS (Micro-Electromechanical Systems)
electric), DNA fingerprints, Air Bag, ATM boxes, batteries
advanced, hybrid cars, OLEDs (electronic paper), monitors, television of
["high definition","Space Shuttle","nanotechnology","flash memory","voice mail","assistants"]
modern hearing aids and short-range radio frequency.

These innovations, besides providing us with new skills, will

meeting human needs in a previously technological context
established by previous innovations and in an evolving social context.

This author presents as an example the fact that nowadays we can

working so well in a garden bank, in the shade of a tree, with a laptop
equipped with wireless technology, like in a cubicle of an office tower.

Historical evolution of ICT

Historical evolution of ICTs, (20th-21st century)

The 20th century is considered the century of the advent of the Era of

Information. Since World War II, information began to flow with

speed greater than that of physical bodies. Since the invention of the telegraph
electric in 1837, going through mass communication media (television,
radio, newspaper, telephone) and even more recently, the emergence of the large network of
data communication that is the Internet, human beings coexist and deal
constantly with an exponential growth of information.

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 The 1940s announced a new era of computers, with the
gigantic mainframes, huge calculating machines that occupied
large buildings and in terms of cost, quite burdensome. Since then
up to this day, several changes have occurred, by way of example,
we can today carry a computer in our pocket (mobile phones).

The computer is a relatively new piece of equipment, in relation to

other technologies, but it is the one that has undergone many mutations. It was a
invention created at the time to solve some problems of the era, which made
new problems and new inventions arise, that is to say, each new advancement of the

information technology, stimulates the next step and everything indicates that the process
evolutionary is still just at the beginning. This change is in the ability to
processing and storage of data in the computer's memory: how much
more memory, more tasks can be executed, and each time with more
sophistication. As for technological evolution, they can be divided into:
1st Generation computers - use of valves; 2nd Generation - use of
of transistors; 3rd Generation - use of integrated circuit (Aurélio Dictionary)
Electronic version 1.2 - 1993.

As ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) can be

understood as a set of integrated technological resources that
provide, through the functions of hardware, software, and telecommunications,
the automation and communication of business processes, of scientific research
of teaching and learning.

These technological systems; such as hardware devices,

software, people communication systems, procedures and goals are
interdependent, but all must act together for a
specific end, for according to Lopes (2005), a technological revolution is not
defined around a specific innovation, but rather a set of
key innovations that are combinable and highly penetrable, this encompasses the

development of new materials and communication processes and,

they all contribute to the same system.

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 As we all know, information technologies
and Communication play a fundamental role, therefore
essential in the activities of Organizations, as they have the great
ability to find a logic within the chaos of information that many
sometimes we have to organize into a coherent synthesis of the information within
uma área de conhecimento e agilidade na questão de domínio do raciocínio
logical in large companies with important information for growth
the same.
It is within this logic that in the Information units, we have the
database call, which significantly contributes to the
viability of the data, providing means and tools for extraction of the
relevant information. Still within the units of Information, these
function as an open organism to capture, organize, make available and
provide access to and use of information.

Today, the focus of Information Technology has changed so much that the term IT

it came to be used as ICT - Information and Communication Technology. And,

within this universe, new ideas such as collaboration and knowledge management
they can be built, however, it is important to emphasize once again that none
infrastructure by itself will promote collaboration among people, this attitude makes
part of a culture that should be disseminated throughout the organization; it is
a great change of paradigm is necessary.

ICTs are also in the school environment, assisting teachers.

in their pedagogical practices. Computers, internet, software, games
electronics, cell phones: tools common to the daily life of the so-called "generation"

digital and children already master it as if they were old acquaintances. The rhythm
accelerated technological innovations, assimilated so quickly by students,
it requires that education also speeds up the pace, making teaching more creative,
stimulating interest in learning. What is perceived today is that the
the technology itself can be an effective tool for achieving your goal.
Understanding the school as a space for cultural creation, it must incorporate

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the cultural products and the most advanced social practices of the society in which
we meet.

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 It is expected, thus, from the school an important contribution in the sense of

help children and young people to live in an increasingly

automated" through the use of electronics and telecommunications. The horizon
of a child, nowadays, clearly exceeds the physical limits of their school,
from your city or your country, whether it concerns the cultural, social, personal horizon or
professional.

Preceding Phase of World War II (1939–1945)

The steam locomotive;
The automobile;
The steamboats;
The airplanes;

The electric lamp;

The means of communication;
Industrial enhancements;
The military weaponry.

Post-1945 Phase
Robotics;
Transistors and semiconductors;
The laser;
Optical fiber;
Microprocessors and computing.

Historical evolution of ICT in Education

According to Ferreira (2005), the evolution of ICT in Education:

The last century has been extraordinarily rich in technical advancements and

scientists. We witnessed the emergence of electricity, electronics, and the means

audiovisuals, especially television, and finally, to the implementation of new
technologies. They have revolutionized the use of information and, consequently, the
education and the life of teachers.

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 In 1960, some American schools became pioneers in
school use of computers, by providing themselves with computers. The first
the usefulness that was found in these machines was to transmit knowledge
(traditional function of the teacher). In these times, the idea of also strengthened the
to use the computer as a means of teaching. So, one of the concerns became
for the creation of educational software and programs that combined the dimension
playful and the achievement of objectives; ways of interaction were sought
open.

The 1980s were of great importance. The factors that contributed

for this fact were the reduction in the size of computers, the increase in
its power, the emergence of the LOGO language (programming language
for school use conceived by Papert) and the institutional support regarding
regarding the computerization of education. The development of software programs was,
equally, decisive for educational practice; because due to its
multifunctionality, could be used by students of different levels, in
various subjects, and in bureaucratic activities.

In this environment, pedagogical discussions began to arise about the

need to introduce the computer, its purposes and the ways to do it
to be used in education. The vision of the computer as a tool was born.
learning facilitator.

In the late 1990s, the major controversy surrounded integration

curricular of new technologies; the responsibility of governments has shifted
for education professionals.

Computing continued to grow, with multimedia technology emerging

(programs that include different media, such as, for example, text, sound,
animation and video) and hypertext (text that allows access to other sources through
of words or expressions activated that the text itself contains), which is
quickly transformed into hypertext (a non-linear reading and writing system)
in virtual space). Until this date, multimedia was passive; it only allowed for the
the student would begin and finish the session. Now a high degree of

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interaction, as it is up to the user to determine the path to follow in
research.

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 On the other hand, in the 90s, networks changed the ways of
communication and organization. The school has ceased to be an isolated institution of
society, which led to a more globalizing perspective of work
educational.

Therefore, the development of technology has influenced education.

then computing gradually entered into various areas of education.
Throughout the ages, some educators have sought to utilize the new
technologies and in applying the different types of technologies.

Dinamização em contexto educativo

The integration of ICT in education is fundamental for the

development of a country done through the education of citizens, more and
better prepared for a constantly changing world. For this, it is
essential the training of individuals in various areas, who demonstrate
flexibility and communication skills. Promoting a ...
education and training for all citizens throughout life.

As ICTs ensure playing a significant role empowering

teachers and students allowing to improve school results and
the promotion of social inclusion in education.

New technologies can be used in different contexts in

teaching-learning process through various activities
focused on the integration of ICT, allowing:
Share information;
Communicate and exchange ideas;
Access and analyze information;
Solve problems.

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The ICTs and socialization

Castells (2006) refers that through studies conducted in various types

it is observed that the vast majority of Internet users are
more sociable, have more friends and contacts and are socially and politically more
more active than non-users. Furthermore, the more they use the Internet,
but at the same time, they engage in face-to-face interactions in all the
domains of their lives. In the same way, the new forms of
wireless communication, from the mobile phone to SMS, WiFi, and WiMax,
substantially increase sociability, particularly in groups
but younger people of the population.

It refers then that the network society promotes socialization and

not isolation. Most people have integrated technologies into
their lives living in various forms of technological communication and
articulating them according to your needs. However, it indicates that there is
a huge change in sociability, which is not a consequence of
The Internet or ICT is caused by the emergence of network individualism.
In this way, new communication technologies fully adapt to
way of building sociabilities in self-selective communication networks,
linked or unlinked depending on the needs or arrangements of each
individual.

Communication

One of the most influential means of communication in practices of

day-to-day belongs to the consultation and use of email. This practice is already part of the

day-to-day for many internet users. Email has become a

an important part of the lives of internet users.

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 In almost every country, users stated that their
attraction to the email is the main reason or one of the two main reasons
important factors that lead to the use of the Internet.

Many users claim to have 'subjugated' themselves to their email and

they always feel an obligation to check and respond to messages. This
fact created in some people a constant feeling of obligation
of dealing with issues that did not exist in your life ten years ago. In
meanwhile, none of these users want to give up using email, but
they affirm wanting to better control technology and enjoy its benefits
instant communication, without having to suffer from the disadvantages.

This initiative found that there were large differences between

experienced and new users regarding time management
while connected to the Internet. New users recorded a greater
incidence in access to chat rooms, games, and information or material search
linked to entertainment.

Over the years, more experienced users have become

spend more time online making electronic purchases, doing
work related to your jobs and consulting news sites.

Human Relationship

Spain et al. (2006) in their studies state that societies,

that due to their customs already show intense sociability relationships,
these relationships are not called into question by the evolution towards society in

They further emphasize that the Internet plays a role of reinforcement

information and not substitution, although the trend of its use continues
growing.
The study also states that the networked society enhances relationships.
of existing conviviality, while adding new forms
of sociability, reinforcing even social relations.

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 In Angola, it is observed that young people are the ones who use it the most.

Internet, and that even low education does not keep them away from this new
technology. For these young people, and despite recognizing the importance of
use of the Internet for informational and educational purposes, it is,
fundamentally, a recreational space.
One of the main conclusions of this study is that the Internet is,
especially for the younger ones, a space for leisure, entertainment and
sociability. For the older and more educated, it has a function
fundamentally practical, professional, and cultural. These practices seem,
thus, showing that there are significant changes in lifestyles
daily life of Angolans, where a greater diversity stands out
activities and interests in the group of younger individuals that relate to
directly with the incorporation of new information technologies and
communication.

Digital Exclusion

Almost half of the Earth's population is affected by exclusion.

digital, because according to Branco (2006), this cause arises due to the fact that almost

Half of the Earth's inhabitants have never even made a phone call.

For this author, one of the initiatives that could solve this
The problem would be a greater implementation and development of free software.
Thus, new spaces could be created for everyone in practice of
citizenship, democracy, new spaces for educational practices and a
new level for our technological, scientific and
economic.

Social exclusion also comes to include in its definition the

information technologies, on which more and more people are
systematically barred from access to positions that could make them
autonomous within the social standards defined by the institutions and the
values of a certain context". According to Matos (2005), when considering-
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As the networked society and information emerge, new forms of exclusion arise.
new consequences for being excluded. For this author, one of the attitudes to
to take in the face of this problem, involves the education of citizens, who have
responsibilities in the production and dissemination of technologies of
information. These people should be aware of these new ways of
exclusion.

Practices in the work context

The World Internet Project through its project Surveying the

Digital Future demonstrates that there is a high and significant use of the Internet.
at the workplace, namely email and web browsing
for personal use (the same data also shows levels of use
equals or even superior to the Internet, from home and that relate to
matters related to employment.

However, it is noted that most of these employees comment

with some sadness, that due to the increase in productivity, there was also
an increase in the volume of work (not always voluntary), which is why
they claim to be working more than before.

More experienced Internet users recognize the great

advantages, conveniences, and productivity linked to the use of email in the workplace
work and in their personal life, as none of these users wants
abandoning the Internet or email. Although they register levels of satisfaction

high, relative to technology, also claim that they feel that the
technology controls and defines your life.

Data collected in the United States also shows that the

most employees of companies believe that the use of email and
The internet in general is monitored, sometimes very closely, by the entity
employer. A third complaint is related to the fact that this new

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technology, reinforce the employee's bond with the company, even though this
be at home or on vacation. (Cole, 2006).

Conclusion

The changes that have occurred in our days in society bring

associated with significant changes at various levels that can be verified.
from the intellectual plane, of the great philosophical and scientific currents, to the
"experiences of the daily life of an ordinary citizen" (Castro, 2006:23). Thus
the same author states, "We are facing the transition of a technical paradigm,
lived during the Industrial Revolution, which aimed for maximum efficiency and
profitability, for a technological paradigm, where evolution, expansion and
The unavoidable implementation of ICTs establishes society as technological.
(same, 2006:24).

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Bibliographic References

Castro, C. (2006). The influence of Information Technologies and

Communication (ICT) in the development of the curriculum by competencies.
University of Minho. Institute of Education and Psychology. Braga. Accessed on
7 of March 2009 through
of[Link]
e-topia: Information Technologies
Communication and the Transformation of Urban Life. In The Networked Society:
From Knowledge to Political Action. Castells, M.; Cardoso, G. (Org.). Angola:
Press National – House yes Coin, 2006. Available
em: [Link]
Angola
Press National – House from the Currency, 2006. Available
em: [Link]
[5] Spain, R., Cardoso, G. Soares, L. From Multimedia to
Wireless Communication: The Angolan Media Diets. In Society in
Network: From Knowledge to Political Action. Castells, M.; Cardoso, G. (Eds.).
Angola: National Press - Mint, 2006. Available
em: [Link]
White, M. (2006). Free Software and Social Development
Economic. In The Networked Society: From Knowledge to Political Action.
Castells, M.; Cardoso, G. (Eds.). Angola: National Press - Mint,
2006. Available at:[Link]
[7][Link]
[Link]
[8][Link]
information andcommunication

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List of group members

1. Marcos Tomás Keta Zua

[Link] Serafim Mateus
3. Miguel Pedro Sebastião Nhanga
[Link] Francisco Gaspar Kaboba
5. Paula Augusto Tambo
6. Pedro Queta Marques gives
7. Ramos Sundays Paul
8. Sidónio António Pedro Brito

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