Electric Energy Distribution in Peru
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ScribdTranslationsElectric Energy Distribution in Peru
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsNETWORKS OF
DISTRIBUCION
MIDDLE SCHOOL
INTRODUCTION
The objective is to give
to know the importance and
the main means
of supply and the
marketing of
electric energy in the
Peru. And it is aimed at
all the professionals and
the consumers of
electricity from
our country.
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Aerial Secondary
Distribution networks
electric area public
they transport electrical energy
to transformation centers.
There the tension is reduced to
normal usage values,
and is distributed to the places of
consumption, such as housing
single-family homes, blocks of
housing, commercial premises
and of offices and industries.
INTRODUCTION
The objective is to give
to know the importance and
the main media
of supply and the
marketing of
electrical energy in the
Peru. And it is aimed at
all professionals and
the consumers of
electric energy from
our country.
Electric energy is produced
at the generating station to a
tension that exceeds 25kV and
then it is raised to a voltage (380
kv, 220 kv or 132 kv) for the line
that transports energy at high
tension up to reducing station
that distributes the tension for
distribution line leads to
centers or large consumption or to
transformation centers that
reduce the tension to the bottom
Voltage supplies energy to
the subscribers, who connect to the
line through connections.
Classification of Networks.
Red Radial
Red Ring
Red Mesh
Red Radial
He argues that the different
branches start from a single one
power point. in
each branch is located
several consumers. This
network form is applied to
medium and low sources
tension, especially when
consumers are
located in areas with low
consumer density.
Red ring
He has two of his
fed extremes,
leaving these points
interspersed in the ring
the loop. Great security
of service and ease of
maintenance, but
has greater complexity
and protection systems
likewise more
complicated
Red Net
It is a quite scheme
complex that considers
splice at points of
crossing of the circuits, okay
to say at the points of
intersection of streets
called nodes. The
number of meshes (m)
it depends on the area
what is covered according to the
nodes of (location of
a substation).
Classification of standardized voltages and secondary distribution network schemes
The normalized tensions are the
following:
220 V three-phase system, three conductors.
380/220 V, three-phase, 4 conductors.
220 V, single-phase, 2 conductors.
440/220 V, single-phase, 3 conductors.
Distribution Schemes
Distribution schemes are established
based on the ground connections of the network
of distribution or of food, for a
side, and of the installation masses
receptor, on the other hand. The designation is
carry out with the following letter code:
TN SCHEME
TN schemes have a point of the
nutrition, generally the neutral
compensator, connected directly to
ground and the masses of the receiving installation
connected to that point through
protective protectors. Three are distinguished.
types of TN schemes according to arrangement
relative of the neutral conductor and the conductor
of protection:
TN-S scheme
In which the neutral conductor and the
protection is different everywhere
the scheme
TN-C scheme
In which the functions of neutral and protection
are combined into a single conductor in
the whole scheme.
TN-S-C scheme
In which the functions of nourishment and protection
are combined into a single conductor in
a part of the scheme.
Transformer
The transformer of
power is the most device
importance of the centers
of transformation. It is the
static electric machine
able to transform by
induction
electromagnetic a
current system
alternates in another current
alternate, but different
tension and intensity.
Voltage regulation
The distribution transformers must carry
gradients in the primary winding, for regulation
the secondary tension. The gradients may be
adjustable via switches or toggle switches.
The switches will be used for adjustment
gradual under load, while the
switches should be used to regulate the
voltage with the transformer no-load.
The gradients installed in the primary winding
they must allow a variation of the tension
nominal of ±2.5% and ±5%.
Connection Groups
Public Lighting
Public lighting
in addition to illuminating the
homes, factories and
offices, it is the function of the
company of
electricity illuminate the
streets and roads of the
area that serves. For such
task like any other
another, the goal is
provide the best service
for the lowest cost
posible.
Dazzle
Public lighting installations do not
should not cause any glare
annoyed; for this reason, it is generally
untrimmed beam luminaires are prohibited
on roadways for motor vehicle traffic
dense or fast.
These maneuvering and protection devices
they must be installed on a board of
distribution and must withstand the influence
from the external agents to which they are
submitted
The lights should direct over the roadway
the luminous flux emitted by the lamp with
a minimum of losses and in the direction
required. At the same time, they must satisfy
the demands regarding uniformity of
lighting and glare.
Luminaires supports
The poles to be used for public lighting
they can be made of iron, concrete, wood, or of
other material with similar characteristics,
should be used as soon as possible, the
existing aerial line installations.
They must be installed on the inner edge of
the sidewalk when it is less than 1.50m and
on the outer edge, taking into account a
a distance of no less than 0.30m, when
the sidewalk shall be greater than or equal to 1.50m.
Pastorals:
The pastoral staffs may be secured in the
facades of the houses or on the posts of the
distribution networks.
Fixed pastorals can be used on the
facades for architectural reasons, or in
places where there is no free zone for
place the posts between the inner limit of the
path and the roadway, and where the presence of
sufficiently tall and solid buildings
allow.
Household connection
Derivation of the local network
of the respective service,
that reaches up to the record
of cutting the property. In
those cases in which the
cutting device
he will understand the undertaking
like the set of
drivers and accessories
between the point of
electrical connection to
system of use and the
output terminals of the
measuring equipment.
Overhead Connections
In every aerial attack, it must be used
isolated conductors, suitable for outdoor use,
without splices; and they must be uniform throughout their
length.
Everyoverheadserviceconductormust
install with the appropriate fastening devices.
A clamp will be used at the fixation point to
ensure the support of the connection driver, and if
is fixed to wooden structural elements,
these structural elements must have, at
less than 40 mm in any of the dimensions.
On streets wider than twelve meters (12 m)
width measured between the property boundaries, not
Connections that cross the streets will be allowed.
For these cases, lines must be installed.
supply on both sides of those streets.
END