Bridge Design and Engineering Course
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ScribdTranslationsBridge Design and Engineering Course
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsBRIDGES AND WORKS OF
ART
SEMESTER 2017 - 5
[Link]. Eng. Juan Agreda
Barbarian
WHAT DO WE HOPE TO LEARN IN THIS COURSE?
Syllabus
1. GENERAL CONCEPTS, LOADS.
2. DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES:
2.1. DESIGN OF SLAB TYPE BRIDGES.
2.2. DESIGN OF 'T' BEAM BRIDGES.
3. DESIGN OF THE SUBSTRUCTURE.
3.1. SUPPORT DEVICES.
[Link] OF CONCRETE STIRRUPS.
[Link] OF CONCRETE COLUMNS.
ASSIGNMENT OF FIELD WORK
•1. They must form groups of 3-5 students, one of which will be the
coordinator.
The field work will consist of the design of a reinforced concrete bridge.
T-beams. The basic studies for the design will be provided by the teacher.
deliverables are detailed below:
•[Link] deliverable: Preliminary sizing. (Week 3)
[Link] deliverable: Design of the superstructure. (Week 5)
2.3. Third deliverable: Design of the substructure. (Week 7)
WHAT ARE THE MAIN CAUSES OF
FAILURE IN THE BRIDGES?
MAIN CAUSES OF FAILURE
MAIN CAUSES OF FAILURE
MAIN CAUSES OF FAILURE
MAIN CAUSES OF FAILURE
1. INTRODUCTION
When you build a bridge
you build something for
all life.
DEFINITIONS
Bridge
Required structure to cross a geographical accident or a natural obstacle or
artificial. The structure whose span between support axes is considered a bridge.
equal to or greater than 6.00 m and that is part of a road.
Viaduct
Bridge, generally of several spans, on rapid transit ways, elevated or
not crossing hollows and/or river basins.
Ponton
Denomination used in Peru to refer to bridges with a length between 6.00 m and
10.00 m
Minor works of art
These are works whose free light is less than 6.00 m.
PARTS OF BRIDGES
PARTS OF BRIDGES
BASIC ENGINEERING STUDIES
Topographic Studies
2. Studies of Hydrology and Hydraulics
3. Geological and Geotechnical Studies
4. Seismic Risk Studies
5. Environmental Impact Studies
Traffic Studies
Complementary Studies
•8. Study of the Track Layout
9. Alternative Project Draft Studies
1. TOPOGRAPHIC STUDIES
Objectives:
Carry out the fieldwork to prepare the topographic maps.
• Provide baseline information for hydrology and hydraulics studies,
geology, geotechnics, as well as ecology and its effects on the environment.
Enable the precise definition of the location and dimensions of the elements.
structural.
Establish benchmarks for layout during construction.
2. STUDIES OF HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS
They must allow the following to be established:
Optimal location of the crossing.
Maximum design flow until the crossing location.
Hydraulic behavior of the river.
Flow area to be confined by the bridge.
Maximum water level (NMA) at the bridge location.
Recommended minimum level for the bridge deck.
General undermining depths, due to contraction and local.
Minimum recommended depth for the foundation placement.
Necessary protection works.
3. GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES
The geological and geotechnical studies will include:
Review of existing information and description of regional and local geology.
Morphological description and geological zoning of the area.
Definition of the physical and mechanical properties of soils and/or rocks.
Definition of landslide zones, mudslides, and alluvial deposits that occurred in the
past and potential occurrence in the future.
Recommendation of quarries for construction materials.
Identification and characterization of geological faults.
4. SEISMIC RISK STUDIES
The minimum seismic forces specified in Title II may be used directly.
from the Manual, without requiring special seismic hazard studies for:
Bridges located in seismic zone 1.
Single span bridges, simply supported on the abutments.
Seismic hazard studies will be required for unconventional bridges that are
they are found in zones 1, 2, 3 or 4, in the following cases:
Suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, arch bridges, and unconventional bridges.
Other long bridges, including continuous and simple bridges.
supported by multiple lights.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
The minimum information for an Environmental Impact Study on Bridges will include:
Wildlife
Adjacent flora
Presence of water in the channel
Topographic relief
5. Deforestation on the slopes of the riverbed
6. Probability of lateral erosion of the slopes
Sediment material in the riverbed
Presence of hydrobiological resources
9. Aesthetic value of the landscape
10. Population density
Adjacent transportation network.
12. Other adjacent structures
[Link] STUDIES
The methodology to be followed will be the following:
Traffic Counting
Classification and Tabulation of Information
Analysis and consistency of the information
Current traffic
The Daily Average Index (D.A.I) of the volume counts must be obtained.
traffic and the correction factor determined from the consistency analysis.
7. SUPPLEMENTARY STUDIES
They refer to those jobs that are complementary to basic studies, such as
they are Electrical Installations, Sanitary Installations, Signage, coordinations
with third parties and any others necessary for the project.
The signage must be in accordance with the needs of the bridge and accesses and in
compliance with the current Signaling Manual. Any unforeseen event or problem
must be coordinated with the respective Municipality and/or with third parties who could
to be related.
8. STUDIES OF TRACE AND ROAD DESIGN
The studies include:
Geometric Design:
Definition of horizontal alignment and longitudinal profile of the axis in the accesses.
Definition of geometric characteristics of pavement, shoulders, and ditches.
Pavement Design:
Determination of the geometric characteristics of the access pavement,
including the asphalt layer, base, and sub-base.
Signage design:
Location of each type of signal with its respective sketch.
9. STUDIES OF ALTERNATIVES AT THE DRAFT LEVEL
Total length, type of structure, length of accesses.
Dimensions of typical cross-sections, height of the embankment, and clearance.
Type of stirrups and foundation, noting the basic dimensions
Measurements, estimated costs, and budget
Topographic plan of the bridge with indication of reference points and levels
Criteria of Hydrology, Hydraulics and Geotechnics that justify the adopted solution.
APPLICATION No. 01
Review of the Basic Engineering studies of a technical file.
Design Flow Estimation.
Soil Study Review.
Estimation of scour depth.
Determination of the foundation depth for a bridge.
CLASSIFICATION: 1. BY THE SERVICE THEY PROVIDE
CLASSIFICATION: 2. BY THE MATERIAL OF THE SUPERSTRUCTURE
Steel Bridges: beam, truss, arch, and suspension
hanging or tensioned roofs.
Concrete Bridges: made of reinforced or prestressed concrete
(pretensioned or posttensioned) beams, arches, and trusses.
Wooden Bridges: made of logs or sawn wood.
Aluminum Alloy Bridges (titanium): Generally made of
armors.
Composite Material Bridges: carbon fiber a material
consisting of carbon fibers in a high epoxy matrix
tensile strength
CLASSIFICATION: 3. BY THE FORM OF THE STRUCTURE
Arc
Truss
Cantilever
Atirantado
Pendant
ARCH BRIDGES
They work at
Compression
Cold Spring Arch Bridge, Santa Barbara, CA
Cable-Stayed Bridges
Piers: Vertical support structures
Cables: ropes that support the platform.
Decking: the platform of the bridge
CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES
They work under Tension and Compression
Zakim Bridge, Boston, MA
Suspension Bridges
They work under Tension and Compression
Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, CA
OTHER TYPES
Truss
Southern Pacific Railroad Bridge, Tempe,
AZ
Cantilever
Firth of Forth-Forth Rail Bridge
Edinburgh, Scotland
CLASSIFICATION: 4. ACCORDING TO THE SERVICE LIFE:
A) PROVISIONAL
Bailey Bridge.
•B)PERMANENT
It was built in 1610 by the
Spanish Juan del Corral, during
the mandate of Viceroy Juan de
Mendoza and Luna,
CLASSIFICATION: 5. ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF SUPPORT
•A) ISOSTATIC
B) HYPERESTATIC
CLASSIFICATION: 6. BY GEOMETRIC TRAIL
PREDIMENSIONING OF BRIDGES
APPLICATION N°02A
In the attached plans, recommend the type of structure to use and pre
dimension the bridge for the indicated span.
LONGITUDINAL PROFILE OF THE MAIN SECTION
APPLICATION N°02B
In the attached plans, recommend the type of structure to use and pre
size the bridge for the indicated span.
LONGITUDINAL PROFILE OF THE MAIN SECTION
LOADS ON BRIDGES
Charges are classified into:
Permanents
•·Variables
Exceptional
•a) Permanent Loads:
They are those that act during the useful life of the structure, without further ado.
variation. According to LRFD, the following are considered:
DC = Dead load on the structure
DW = Asphalt folder and installations
EH = Ground pressure
Ground overload
EV = Vertical pressure due to the dead weight of the earth.
LOADS ON BRIDGES
•b) Variable Loads:
They are those that have frequent and significant variation in relation to their
average value. According to LRFD, the following are considered:
EQ = Earthquake
•IM = Impacto
LL = HL–93
WS = Wind
•PL = peatonal
LOADS ON BRIDGES: TRUCK DESIGN HL-93 + RAIL
LOADS ON BRIDGES
•c) Exceptional Loads.-
They are actions whose probability of occurrence is very low, but
under certain conditions must be considered by the designer,
such as those caused by collisions, explosions or fires, or
exceptional loads.
APPLICATION N°03: DETERMINE LOADS ON BRIDGES.
Develop the following problems related to the charges that
they act on the bridges.
PROBLEM 1: Using the HL-93 load to calculate the moment
overload that occurs at the light center in a bridge simply
supported by 20.0 m of span between axes.
PROBLEM 2: For the same bridge, determine the moment due to load
permanent considering the following section of the bridge.
APPLICATION N°03: CONTINUATION
REFLECTION