Exercises on antenna installations.

1. It is desired to bring FM radio signals and channel 43 to a user interface.

MHz) of terrestrial television, in a facility with the following characteristics:
Radio TV
Signal level on antenna 50 dBμV 60 dBμV
Distance between antenna and outlet 6m
Minimum signal level required at the socket 60 dBμV 70 dBμV
It is requested to calculate the elements of the installation.

Solution:
The minimum installation will consist of the antennas, the mixer, the antenna down cable.
and the user acquisition.
Antennas
[Link] from FM: Gantenna= 1 dB

[Link] 43, V HD: Gantenna= 15 dB

Blender:
[Link] mixer, ref. 4040: αFM= 1 dB; αUHF= 1 dB

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Exercises on antenna installation.

Coaxial cable:
[Link], ref. 2141: αFM0.08 dB/m; αUHF0.15 dB/m

Separator R-TV, ref. 5232: α tomaFM= 3 dB; αtakeUHF< 1 dB

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Exercises on antenna installation.

Losses in the installation:

Losses = mixer attenuation + cable attenuation + socket attenuation.
FM: 1+0.08·6 + 3 = 4.48 dB
Channel 43: 1 + 0.15·6 + 1 = 2.9 dB
Resulting levels in user input:
Level at the receiver = Level at the antenna + Antenna gain - Losses
FM: 50 dBμV + 1 – 4.48 = 46.52 dBμV
Channel 43: 60 dBμV +15 - 2.9 = 72.1 dBμV
Therefore, with the selected elements, the minimum required level in the sample is exceeded.
for channel 43 but the minimum level of FM radio is not reached, so it would be necessary
an FM amplifier with gain:
GamplifierRequired level in taking - Calculated level = 60 - 46.52 = 13.48 dB.
The mast amplifier ref. 5356 provides a gain of 15 dB. The use of the
Amplifier requires the use of a power supply, for example, that of ref.
5795 that supplies the 24 V tension required by the amplifier.

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Exercises on antenna installation.

2. A terrestrial television distribution installation is to be carried out in a

single-portal property, with 2 floors and two apartments per floor (A and B) and a
ground floor with two commercial premises. The housing units are identical, with 1
bedroom, living room, kitchen, bathroom and toilet. The distances to be taken into account
for the lengths of the cables are:
Between the headboard and the 2nd floor: 5m
Between the 2nd floor and the 1st floor: 3m
Between the 1st floor and the ground floor: 4m
Among the plant diverters at the entrance of each home: 8m
Between the entrance of the house to each socket: 6m
Between the entrance of the commercial premises and the shot: 10m
The following terrestrial radio and TV channels are intended to be distributed.
Channels
FM (100 MHz)
5 (200 MHz)
22 (600 MHz)
25 (600 MHz)
43 (800 MHz)
46 (800 MHz)

The elements of the installation have the following characteristics:

CABLE ATTENUATION (Ac)
Frequency (MHz) Cable Attenuation (dB/m)
50 0.041
100 0.058
200 0.084
600 0.152
800 0.17
1000 0.197
1500 0.25
1750 0.27
2150 0.31
Attenuations of two-directional derivatives
TYPE A B T
Insertion loss (Ainside.) in
1.5 dB 1.5 dB -
the band from 50 to 800MHz
Insertion loss (Ainsert.) in
2 dB 2 dB -
the band from 1000 to 2150 MHz
Bypass Attenuation ([Link].)
16 dB 20 dB 12 dB
in the band of 50 to 800MHz
Bypass attenuation ([Link].)
16 dB 20 dB 12 dB
in the band from 1000 to 2150 MHz

At user access points (UAP), distributors or distributors and sockets

terminals, the attenuations are:
Band from 50 to 800 Band from 1000 to 2150
ELEMENT
MHz MHz
Attenuation of PAU (APAU ) 1 dB 1 dB
Distributor attenuation (ADistr ) 7.5 dB 11 dB
Attenuation of the intake (AToma ) 2 dB 3.5 dB

Calculate the signal level at the output of the headend equipment that guarantees a correct level.
in supply (in accordance with ICT regulations).

Pértiga. School of Technical Professions. Santiago de Compostela. Phone: 981 553 622
Exercises on antenna installations.

The installation, in accordance with ICT regulations, which requires us to have two connections in the network of
distribution, it remains as follows:

Distribution network

The number of outlets according to the regulations (1 for each room excluding bathrooms and
storage rooms with a minimum of two) are 3 per housing unit and 1 per commercial premises. The values of the
attenuations in each shot are determined as follows:
t(dB) = Cable attenuation + Insertion loss of the splitters
precedents + Wiring attenuation of the plant driver + Attenuation of
insertion of the PAU + attenuation of the distributor + attenuation of the socket.
2nd floor: apartments A and B, inputs T1, T2, and T3
(5+8+6)
t2 +
c [Link] + PAU + +
Distr Tgrandma

1st floor: dwellings A and B, connections T1, T2, and T3

= (5+3+8+6)
t1 c + +
Insert the B [Link]+ PAU + Distr + Tgrandma

Ground floor: units 1 and 2, socket T1

tB (5+3+4+8+10) c + Insert the B + +
Insert the A +
[Link] PAU + Tgrandma

The obtained values are the following:

ATTENUATIONS IN THE TAKINGS (dB)
2nd Floor 1st floor Ground floor
Houses A and B Housing A and B Locales 1 and 2
T1, T2, and T3 T1, T2 and T3 T1
50 31,279 28,902 19,230
100 31,602 29,276 19,740
200 32,096 29,848 20,520
600 33,388 31,344 22,560
800 33,730 31,740 23,100
1000 39,243 37,834 26,410

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Exercises on antenna installations.

1500 40,250 39,000 28,000

1750 40,630 39,440 28,600
2150 41,390 40,320 29,800
The maximum attenuations are those of the 2nd floor outlets, and the minimum attenuations will be
the snapshots of the commercial premises. This data will be helpful for us to select the
head team.
With these attenuations, we will need a headend team whose output level guarantees that
in all shots the signal levels are:
Terrestrial TV level (COFDM-TV): 47 – 70 dB V
-FM Radio Level: 40 – 70 dB V
To avoid discrepancies between the theoretical calculations and the actual levels obtained in the
practice may exceed the previously mentioned limits, we will use in the calculations the
next levels:
Terrestrial TV level: 50 – 67 dB V
-FM Radio Level: 45 – 65 dB V
The maximum and minimum output levels that the header can have ([Link] [Link]) for
ensure that the level at intake is within the previously mentioned range:
Smin. header= t max+ Smy take
[Link]= t min+ Smax take

Channels [Link](dB V) [Link](dB V) Schosen(dB V)

FM (100 MHz) 76,602 84,740 81
5 (200 MHz) 82,096 87,520 85
22 and 25 (600 MHz) 83,388 89,560 86
43 and 46 (800 MHz) 83,730 90,100 86

Where Schosenit is the average value between Smin. header y Smax. headerand it will be the signal level that
we will have to adjust in the head team.

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Exercises on antenna installations.

3. The headend equipment is to be designed to distribute the radio and TV signal.

land-based in a property. The signal levels received at the antenna are:
Channels Signal levels (dB) V)
FM (100 MHz) 65
5 (200 MHz) 70
22 (600 MHz) 65
25 (600 MHz) 70
43 (800 MHz) 65
46 (800 MHz) 70

In addition, it has been calculated that the signal level delivered by the headend equipment,
to ensure a proper level in measurement it must be:
Channels SHeader(dB V)
FM (100 MHz) 65
5 (200 MHz) 79
22 and 25 (600 MHz) 80
43 and 46 (800 MHz) 80

Configure the header and determine its characteristics:

a) With single-channel amplifiers.
b) With a broadband amplifier.
We will be able to make use of the following elements:
Attenuation (47-2150 MHz)
Distributor 4 dB
Mixer 4 dB
Bridges of
interconnection of
0.5 dB
the amplifiers
monochannels

Pértiga. School of Technical Professions. Santiago de Compostela. Tel: 981 553 622
Exercises on antenna installation.

4. A facility that already has terrestrial TV distribution wants to

add two digital satellite platforms. The levels of signals received in the
antenna are:
Channels Signal levels (dB V)
950 MHz 70
2150 MHz 70
The attenuations in the recordings are:
ATTENUATIONS IN THE TAKES (dB)
2nd Floor 1st Floor Ground floor
Housing A and B Houses A and B Locales 1 and 2
T1, T2 and T3 T1, T2, and T3 T1
50 31,279 28,902 19,230
100 31,602 29,276 19,740
200 32,096 29,848 20,520
600 33,388 31,344 22,560
800 33,730 31,740 23,100
1000 39,243 37,834 26,410
1500 40,250 39,000 28,000
1750 40,630 39,440 28,600
2150 41,390 40,320 29,800
The following elements are available:
Attenuation (47-2150 MHz)
Distributor 4 dB
Mixer 4 dB
Bridges of
interconnection of
0.5 dB
the amplifiers
monochannels
Perform the header configuration and determine its characteristics.

Pértiga. School of Technical Professions. Santiago de Compostela. Tel: 981 553 622
Exercises on antenna installations.

5. It is desired to install the distribution of terrestrial TV and 2 satellites for

a building with a single entrance of 7 floors, with 4 apartments per floor, except
the ground floor that has 5 commercial premises. The apartments are identical,
with 3 bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom, and toilet.
In this assumption, it is considered that the levels of terrestrial signals received
in the antennas are the following:
Channels Signal levels (dB) V)
FM (100 MHz) 70
22 (600 MHz) 68
35 (600 MHz) 70
43 (800 MHz) 68
62 (800 MHz) 70
FI (950 MHz) 70
FI (2150 MHz) 70
The values obtained from the maximum and minimum attenuations in the measurements are:
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM ATTENUATIONS IN SOCKETS
Attenuation
Maximum attenuation minimum of the intake
from the taking (Amaximum temperature(dB)
(Acumin)dB)
50 37,289 25,581
100 37,782 26,278
200 38,536 27,344
600 40,520 30,132
800 41,150 30,870
1000 51,795 40,777
1500 53,650 42,950
1750 54,350 43,710
2150 55,750 44,630
The following elements are available:
Attenuation (47-2150 MHz)
Distributor 4 dB
Mixer 4 dB
Bridges of
interconnection of
0.5 dB
the amplifiers
monochannels
Set up the header and determine its characteristics.

Pértiga. School of Technical Professions. Santiago de Compostela. Tel: 981 553 622
Exercises on antenna installations.

6. At a height of 25 m above the ground, it is desired to mount on a 3 m mast, 3

FM, VHF, and UHF antennas, separated by 1 m, whose characteristics are the
next:

FM Antenna VHF UHF

Justify the placement of the antennas on the mast.

Calculate the bending moment of the mast and choose the mast you would select from the following catalog:

Pértiga. School of Technical Professions. Santiago de Compostela. Tel: 981 553 622