Acid-Base Regulation and Compensation
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ScribdTranslationsAcid-Base Regulation and Compensation
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsITZAYANA DOMÍNGUEZ
PROTON LEFT
PH
Electropositive nucleus of the atom Inverse logarithm of the
of ordinary hydrogen. concentration of hydrogen ions,
Elementary and stable particle. express the amount of H+ of a
solution.
ACID AND BASE ANION GAP
An acid is that substance Brechraecahnaioanniciaon Micidae Maidifeelraencia
capable of donating H+ ions among charged electrolytes
A base is one that is capable of negative and positive in her blood. Her
the normal value is from 8 to 16 mEq/l and
capture H+ ions
what is calculated with the following
equation:
Anión Gap = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3- )
ACIDITY OF A
pH alteration
SOLUTION
It depends on its concentration in H+
REGULATION The deviations from normality
regardless of the substance
dissociated that frees it. Acid-Base of pH can be towards the
acidosis or towards alkalosis.
Dissociation Constant
K can be defined as a
relationship between the concentrations
Shock absorbers
They represent the first line of defense.
of dissociated and undissociated acid
Kc= ([A] . [B]) / [AB] in the face of adverse changes in pH
It is a quantitative measure of the thanks to the ability they have
strength of an acid. to capture or release protons
immediately in response to the
pH variations that occur.
LAW OF MASS ACTION
It postulates that the speed of a PROTEIN DAMPER
reaction is proportional to Intracellular proteins with their groups
product of the concentrations ionizable compounds with different pK values
from its reactants. As it goes they contribute significantly to the
exhausting the substance, decreases maintenance of pH, through the exchange of
the dissociation rate up to H+ with ions bound to proteins that
equal to the reconstruction. displace to the extracellular medium to
maintain electrical neutrality
PHOSPHATE DAMPER RESPIRATORY COMPENSATION
Action mainly at level The ventilatory response to changes in
cell phone, as it is where it exists pH is fast. It is mediated by the
higher concentration of phosphates and the chemoreceptors of the corpuscles
pH is closer to its pK (6.8). carotids and aortic and center
Intervenes with cellular proteins in bulbar respiratory. The decrease of pH
the buffering of fixed acids: stimulates the chemoreceptors causing
PO4 H2 PO4 H - + H+ hyperventilation increases elimination
of CO2 and decreases arterial pCO2. It is
limited, because the ventilation can only
increase and, above all, decrease until
BONE DAMPING certain point, so he needs help from the
kidney for full compensation.
The bone intervenes in the
acid load buffering
capturing the excess H+
releasing carbonate into the blood
due to the dissolution of mineral bone.
RENAL COMPENSATION
Kidney - main involved in the regulation of
acid-base equilibrium. Acidosis will occur
an increase in the excretion of acids and
will reabsorb more bicarbonate, while
in alkalosis the opposite will occur, it will be retained
SHOCK ABSORBER
CARBONIC/BICARBONATE REGULATION more acidic and more bicarbonate will be eliminated. For
for this reason, the urinary pH will experience
ACID-BASE
changes, ranging between 4.5 and 8.2.
It is the most important tampon in the
homeostasis of pH, since it is present
in all intracellular and extracellular media,
it is an open system. The sum of the
concentrations of the acid and of the base not RENAL REABSORPTION OF BICARBONATE
it is constant, which greatly increases its The filtered bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed by the
buffering capacity. The relationship interaction with hydrogen ions in the tubules. The
existing between the acid and the base= net effect is a reabsorption of bicarbonate. The
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: bicarbonate ions that actually pass into the liquid
pH = pK + Log [HCO3 - ] / [H2 CO3] extracellular are not the same as those that were filtered into the
pH = pK + Log [ HCO3 - ] / [ PaCO2 ] tubules. Bicarbonate ions are 'titrated' in the
tubules against H+ ions
COMPENSATION SYSTEMS RENAL PRODUCTION OF BICARBONATE
It is necessary to induce later ones. If despite the reabsorption process the
pulmonary compensatory responses and plasma bicarbonate concentration remains
renal, since there is no system of below normal value, in the tubular cells
pH buffering that eliminates from bicarbonate will be synthesized. This happens
excess hydrogen ions organism
because they are going to intervene immediately
fundamentally in the distal convoluted tubule to
minimizing, but without preventing changes
starting from the CO2 coming from the blood or from itself
in the pH. metabolism of the tubular cell by the action of the
carbonic anhydrase