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SOLVED EXERCISES
VECTOR ANALYSIS
1. Find the cosine of the angle that [Link] himselfsabe: A= 3i+ (a+ 2)j ;
they form the vectorsA= 12i+ 5j y son perpendiculars
B= -2ai+ (a+ 1)j
B= 3i- 4j determine the values of 'a'.
16 16 16 1 and 2 b) 1 and 3 c) 2 and 3
a) b) c) d) 1 y -2 -2 and 3
25 45 55
Solution:
16 8
d) e) By the property of perpendicularity:
65 65 3(-2a)+ (a+ 2)(a+ 1)= 0
A�B= 0
Solution: -6a+ a2+ 3a+ 2 = 0
A B a2- 3a+ 2 = 0
cosq=
A B a - 2a= 2
1
(2,5)3
-(, 4) a - 1a= 1
cosq=
1 and 2 Response.
122+ 5232+ (-4)2
36- 20
cosq= [Link] the vectors: A= 2i+ 3j ,
13(5)
B= i - 2j y C= -4i+ j Find the value of
16 Answer.
cosq= m+ n , in such a way that it is possible
65
express the combination linear
2. If it is known that: A = (x- 2)i- (4+ x)j y mA+ nB= C
a) 8 b) 7 c) 6
B= -4i+ xj they are parallel vectors. Find d) 5 e) 4
the positive value of 'x'
a) 12 b) 10 c) 9 Solution:
d) 8 e) 6 m(2, 3)+ n(1,- 2)= (-4, 1)
Equalizing components:
Solution:
2m+ n= -4
The components of both vectors
they must be proportional because 3m- 2n= 1
they are multiples: Solving the system:
x - 2-4 - x 2 2m+ n = -4
=
-4 x 3m- 2n= 1
x2- 2x= 16+ 4x 7m= -7 m = -1
x2- 6x- 12= 0 Substituting:
x -8 2(-1)+ n= 4 n= 6
x +2
Then: m+ n = 5 Answer.
x= 8 Rpta.

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5. In the figure, calculate the modulus of the
resultant of the vector system: [Link] from the vectors
A y B the same
magnitude forms an angleq. What in
the relationship is between the modules of the
A= 12u vectors A+ B y A- B ?
C 2 q q
a) you b) cos2 c)
60º 2 2
B= 16u 2 q
a) 6 11 b) 5 13 c) 4 13 tan
2
d) 6 13 e) 5 10 q q
d) cot2 e) sec2
2 2
Solution:
3 Solution:
Total Result:R= 3C= A+B …
2 It is known that:
(1)
S= X 2+ X 2+ 2X2 cosq= 2X2(1+ cosq)
2 2 2
A+ B= A + B + 2ABcosq
D= X 2+ X 2- 2X2 cosq= 2X2(1- cosq)
2 2 2
A+ B= 12 + 16 + 2(12)(16)cos120º Dividing:
2 q
A+ B = 144+ 256- 192 2cos2
S 1+ cosq 2
r= = =
A+ B= 4 13 D 1- cosq 2 q
2 sen
Substituting in (1): 2
3 q
R= (4 13) R= 6 13 Answer. r= cot
2 Answer.
2 2

6. Find the surface area of the triangle

8. In the figure, express the vector X- Y
formed by the points A(3,4)B(- 2,,5)
depending on the vectors A y B.
y C(5,- 6) .
2
a) 18yearsodl b) 20 u2 c) 22u2 Y
2
d) 24hours e) 25 u2 A
X
Solution:
3 4 B
1 -2 5 1 11B- 3A 13B- 3A
S= = (15+ 12+ 20+ 8 - 25+ 18) a) b) c)
2 5 -6 2 12 12
3 4 11B- A
1 12
S= (48) S= 2
24hours Answer.
2 14B- 5A 14B- 3A
d) e)
12 12

Solution:

2
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Using A y B how axes 3A+ 2B Answer.
X=
coordinates: 4
3 1 1 1
X= B + A= A+ B
6 4 4 2
4 2 1 2
Y= - B + A= A- B
6 4 2 3
Subtracting the vectors:
1 7 10. In the figure OPQR is a
X- Y= - A+ B square. Express the vector in
4 6 C
14B- 3A function of vectors A y B.
Answer.
X- Y=
12 a) 2+ 2 A+ 2
B
2 2 P Q

b) 2- 2 B+
2
A C S
9. In the figure OPQR is a square, 2 2 A
express the vector as
X a combination c) 2- 2
A+
2
B
2 2
linear of the vectors A y B.
d) 2- 2 A+
2
B
2 2
2A+ 3B R
a) P Q e) 4 - 2 2 O
4 A+ B B
2 2
3A+ 2B X
b) A
4 Solution:
N Be the 'L' side of the square:
3A+ B
c) P Q
2
M C S
3A- 2B A
d)
4 O R
B
e) 3A+ 2B

Solution:
O R
By the triangle law: -B
Unit vector in the direction of OS :
OM+ X= A+ B P Q
But notice that: A- B
U OS =
A A+ B L 2
2OM= +B X
2 N A- B A- B 2
Then: OS= L. = = (A- B)
A L 2 2 2
A 2 M
+B In triangle OSP: OS+ C= A
2 + X= A+ B O R
2 B 2
(A- B)+ C= A
A+ 2B 2
X= A+ B-
4 2- 2 2 Answer.
C= A+ B
2 2

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X OM
=
m OM
3A+ 2B
X 4
=
2 L
L 5 5
11. In the figure OPQR express the 5 2
vector X as a linear combination of the 5X 3A+ 2B
=
vectors A y B. 2 2
a) 3A- 2B P M Q 3A+ 2B Answer.
X=
b) 4A- 3B 5
3A+ 2B A
c) X 12. Using the data from the figure
4 Nfind the dot product of the vectors
2A+ 3B B
d) A y B.
4
Y
3A+ 2B
e) O R
5
Solution: B
L 3 A
In the graph:
P M Q P 2 M Q
A X
A 2 0 5
X
N L m a) 0 b) 3 -3
B d) 9 -9

O R Solution:
O R
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Finding the vectors A y B:
A A+ 2B
OQ= B+ = A= -3i+ 3j= (-3, 3)
2 2
A+ 2B B= 5i+ 2j= 5
(,2)
A+
A+ OQ 2 The scalar product will be:
OM= =
2 2 A � B = (-3, 3)(5, 2)= -15+ 6
3A+ 2B
OM= A � B = - 9 Response.
4

Additionally: L2 L
OM= L 2+ = 5
4 2 13. Find C Y in the parallelepiped
In figure 2 ( D OPM) for relationships shown, yes (A+ B)
8 C= 6 29 .
metrics:
L 2
L 2= m 5 m = X= L 5 B
2 5
Equalizing unit vectors: C
4
4
Z 6 A
10 X
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2 3
a)(4i - 5j+ 3k) b)(4i - 5j+ 3k)
5 5
5 3
c)(4i - 5j+ 3k) d)(4i - 5j+ 3k)
3 4
1
e)(4i - 5j+ 3k)
5
Solution:
Locating coordinates: Solution:
Y Unit vector in the direction of A:
(0,8,0) 4i- 5j+ 3k
UA =
(0,8,6) B 42+ (-5)2+ 32
(0,4,0) (10,8,0)
C 4i- 5j+ 3k
UA =
50
1
UA = (4i- 5j+ 3k)
Z A 1
(0,0,0) 5 2
X
The parallel vector ,Bit will be:
(10,0,6)
A= 10i- 8j+ 6k 3 2
B= 3 2 U = (4i- 5j+ 3k)
A
B= 10i- 6k 5 2
Unit vector in the direction of C: 3
(4i- 5j+ 3k) Answer.
10i- 4j B=
5
UC =
102+ (-4)2
15. Data the vectors
1
UC = (5i- 2j) A= 2i+ aj- 3bk y B= 2ai- j + bk find the
29
value of " .abYes A^ B Additionally:
Vectorial expression of C :
a- b = 6 .
C 7 b) 16 c) 27
C= See you
C
= (5i- 2j)
29 d) 40 36
In the condition:
Solution:
(A+ B) C= 6 29 By the condition of perpendicularity:
C 2
(,a-, 3b)g(2a,- 1, b)= 0
(20i- 8j)�(5i- 2j)= 6 29
29 4a- a - 3b2= 0 a= b2
C(100+ 16)= 6(29) Substituting with the condition a - b = 6 :
b+ 6= b2
C= 24 Answer.
b2- b - 6= 0
b -3 b= 3 a= 9
14. Find
the vector parallel to
+2 b = -2 a= 4
b
A= 4i- 5j+ 3k whose module is 3 2 . Finally of agreement a the
alternatives:

5
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ab= 27 Reply.

a) -24i+ 18j- 48k b) 24i+ 18j+ 48k

c) 24i- 18j+ 48k d) 12i+ 18j+ 48k

e) -24i+ 18j+ 48k

16. Find the magnitude of the resultant Solution:

from the following set of vectors. Locating the coordinates:
12 Z AB= -4i+ 3j Z
C(0,0,6)
b) 15 BC= 4i- 3j+ 12k
16
C(4,0,12)
18 P
O
20 U BC
12
Y
X A(8,0,0) B(0,10,0) U AB T B0
(,3,0)
A(4,0,0)
Solution: 4 Y
X 3
Subtracting coordinates:
AB= -8i+ 10j By definition of a unit vector:
-4i+ 3j
BC= -10j+ 6k T= YOUAB= 50
(-4)+ 23 2
AC= -8i+ 6j
-4i+ 3j
R= AB+ BC+ AC T = 50 T= -40i+ 30j
5
R= -16i+ 12k
4i- 3j+ 12k
P= PUBC= 52
R= (-16)2+ 122 42+ (-3)2+ 122
R= 20 Answer. 4i- 3j+ 12k
P= 52 P= 16i- 12j+ 48k
13
17. Find the vector F if F = T+ P As: F= T+ P
knowing also that: T= 50N . F= - 24i+ 18j+ 48k Answer.
P= 52N .
18. Find the magnitude of the force
Z resulting from F y T , yes: F= 25N y
T= 30N .
a) 42 Z
P 44 4
3
45 F
12

T Y d) 48
X 6
4
3 X
6 T Y
10
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e) 50

Solution:
According to the graph:
AB= -3i- 6j+ 6k Z
BC= 3i- 4j 3
4
C(3, 0, 6) F B(0,4,6)

X
T Y
10

A(3, 10, 0)
Vector expression of T:
-3i- 6j+ 6k
T= YOUAB= 30
(-3)+2(-6)+ 62 2

-3i- 6j+ 6k
T= 30
9
T= -10i- 20j+ 20k
Vector expression of : F
3i- 4j
F= FUBC= 25
32+ (-4)2
3i- 4j
F= 25 F= 15i- 20j
5
Where the result comes from:
R= F + T
R= 5i- 40j+ 20k

R= 52+ (-40)2+ 202

R= 45N Answer.