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BBA Operational Research Exercises 2023

The document outlines a series of exercises for first-year students in Operational Research at Mohamed Bachir University, focusing on sequences of real numbers. It includes various tasks such as calculating limits, studying the nature of sequences, and proving convergence using definitions and criteria. Additionally, it presents exercises involving increasing and decreasing sequences, as well as boundedness and convergence properties.

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10 views2 pages

BBA Operational Research Exercises 2023

The document outlines a series of exercises for first-year students in Operational Research at Mohamed Bachir University, focusing on sequences of real numbers. It includes various tasks such as calculating limits, studying the nature of sequences, and proving convergence using definitions and criteria. Additionally, it presents exercises involving increasing and decreasing sequences, as well as boundedness and convergence properties.

Uploaded by

jalilbenomran7
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MOHAMED BACHIR UNIVERSITY - BBA Analysis 1

Faculty : Mathematics and informatics First year LMD


Department : Operational research 2023/2024 (semester 1)

Series of exercises n◦3


Sequences of real numbers
Exercise 1:

1. Calculate, when it exist, the limits of the following sequences:


(−2)n + n  √   1
2 − an + b , (a, b ∈ R), 1 n
• Un = , • U n = n − n • sin n .
3n
2. Calculate the limit of the following sequences ( using the Squeeze theorem):
n n
1 X X n
• Un = 2 E (kx) , • Un = .(>)
n n2 + k
k=1 k=1

3. Study the nature of each of the following two sequences and determine their limit:
an − bn E(nx)
• Un = n n
, a, b ∈ ]0, +∞[ • Vn = , α, x ∈ R.
a +b nα
4. Using the definition of the limit of a sequence, show that (Un )n∈N is convergent :
1 3n − 1
• Un = , • Un = .(>)
2n − 1 √2n + 3
2n2 + 3 n+ n+1
• Un = 2 , • Un = .
n −1 n+1
5. (>) Using the definition :

lim Un = +∞ ⇔ ∀A > 0, ∃N ∈ N, ∀n : (n > N ⇒ Un > A) .


n−→+∞

1
lim 2n = +∞.
2
• Prove that :
n−→+∞

Exercise 2: 
U1 = 1 r



Let the sequence (Un )n∈N? defined by: 

1
Un+1 = (Un )2 + 2n .



1. Prove that (Un ) is increasing.
2 !
1

2
2. Study the sign of the expression: Un+1 − Un + n ,
2
1
then deduce that: Un+1 ≤ Un + n .
2
1 1 1 1
3. Prove that: Un+1 ≤ U1 + + 2 + 3 + . . . + n .
2 2 2 2
[Link] that the sequence (Un ) is bounded from above by 2.
5. Show that the sequence (Un ) is convergent and calculate its limit.
Exercise 3:
Use Cauchy’s criterion to study the nature of the sequences:

1
1. Un = . 2. Vn = ln(n).
n
Exercise 4:
Let a, b be two real numbers such that 0 < a < b.
√ a+b
1) Prove that ab < .
2
2) We define the two sequences (Un )n∈N and (Vn )n∈N by:
p Un−1 + Vn−1
U0 = a, V0 = b, Un = Un−1 Vn−1 and Vn = , ∀n ∈ N? .
2
Prove that:
1) ∀n ∈ N : Un < Vn .
2) (Un )n∈N is increasing and (Vn )n∈N is decreasing.
3) (Un )n∈N and (Vn )n∈N are convergent and have the same limit l.
Exercise 5:
1
Let the sequences (Un )n∈N? defined by: Un = (−1)n + , ∀n ∈ N? .
n
• Prove that (Un ) does not converge, that this sequence is bounded?
• Can we extract a convergent sub-sequences?

Exercise 6:
Let (Un ) and (Vn ) be two sequences defined by :
n
X 1 1
Un = , V n = Un +
k! n.n!
k=0

• Prove that (Un ) and (Vn ) are two adjacent sequences.

NB : questions that end with (>) left for students to answer.

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