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Overview of the Urinary System

The document provides an overview of the urinary system, detailing the structure and function of the nephron, including the renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. It also describes the ureter, bladder, and urethra, highlighting their anatomical features and roles in urine transport and storage. Key functions such as filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion are emphasized throughout.

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ivpa.mellendez.swu
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5 views16 pages

Overview of the Urinary System

The document provides an overview of the urinary system, detailing the structure and function of the nephron, including the renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. It also describes the ureter, bladder, and urethra, highlighting their anatomical features and roles in urine transport and storage. Key functions such as filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion are emphasized throughout.

Uploaded by

ivpa.mellendez.swu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

URINARY SYSTEM

URINARY SYSTEM
NEPHRON
RENAL CORPUSCLE
• Enclosing a tuft of capillary loops and
the site of blood filtration
• Location: Cortex
• Glomerulus
• Bowman’s capsule
RENAL CORPUSCLE
GLOMERULUS
• Afferent arteriole
• Efferent arteriole
• Simple squamous epithelium
• Fenestrated capillaries

BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
• Parietal and Visceral layer
• Simple squamous epithelium
• Fenestrated
• Podocytes
RENAL CORPUSCLE
RENAL FUNCTION
FILTRATION
• Water and solutes
• From blood vessels to tubular lumen

TUBULAR REABSORPTION
• From tubular lumen to blood vessels

TUBULAR SECRETION
• From blood vessels to tubular lumen
NEPHRON
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
• Simple cuboidal epithelium
• Location: Cortex

Functions:
• Reabsorption of all organic nutrients,
all proteins, most water, and
electrolytes
• Secretion of organic anions and
cations, H+, and NH4+
NEPHRON
LOOP OF HENLE
1. Thin Limbs (Ascending & Descending)
• Simple squamous epithelium
• Location: Medulla
• Function: Passive reabsorption of
Na+ and Cl-
2. Thick Ascending
• Simple cuboidal epithelium
• Location: Medulla
• Active reabsorption of various
electrolytes
NEPHRON
DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
• Simple cuboidal epithelium
• Location: Cortex
• Function: Reabsorption of
electrolytes
URETER
• Walls – mucosal, muscular, and
adventitial layers
• The walls gradually becomes thicker
closer to the bladder
• Mucosa – stratified urothelium or
transitional epithelium
URETER
• Mucosa – stratified urothelium or
transitional epithelium

3 layers:
1. Single layer of small basal cells
2. Intermediate region – one to several
layers of cuboidal or low columnar cells
3. Superficial layer – large bulbous or
elliptical umbrella cells
- sometime binucleated to protect the
underlying cells
BLADDER
• Submucosa
• Lamina propria and dense irregular
connective tissue are highly
vascularized
• Muscularis
• 3 layers – Detrusor muscle
• Contracts to empty the bladder
• With valves to prevent backflow of
urine to ureter
URETHRA
• Carries urine from bladder to the exterior
• Urethral mucosa has prominent
longitudinal folds
• In men, two ducts for sperm transport
during ejaculation join the urethra at the
prostate gland
URETHRA
MALE
• Male urethra is longer than female
• Prostatic urethra – Transitional epithelium
• Membranous urethra – Stratified columnar
and pseudostratified columnar epithelium
• Spongy urethra – Stratified columnar and
pseudostratified columnar epithelium, then
nonkeratinizedstratified squamous
epithelium distally

FEMALE
• Transitional epithelium to nonkeratinized
stratified squamous
END.
URINARY SYSTEM

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