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Anatomy and Types of Flowers Explained

A flower is the reproductive organ of angiosperms, consisting of various parts including calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. Flowers can be classified as bisexual or unisexual and exhibit different symmetries, with specialized structures like bracts and arrangements known as inflorescence. Fertilization occurs after pollination, resulting in the development of fruit and seeds from the ovary and ovules, respectively.

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Idi Dewaswala
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5 views2 pages

Anatomy and Types of Flowers Explained

A flower is the reproductive organ of angiosperms, consisting of various parts including calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. Flowers can be classified as bisexual or unisexual and exhibit different symmetries, with specialized structures like bracts and arrangements known as inflorescence. Fertilization occurs after pollination, resulting in the development of fruit and seeds from the ovary and ovules, respectively.

Uploaded by

Idi Dewaswala
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter: The Flower

Introduction
A flower is the reproductive organ of angiosperms (flowering plants).
It produces gametes, helps in pollination and fertilisation, and develops into fruit and seed.

Parts of a Flower
Calyx (Sepals): Outermost whorl, usually green, protects flower in bud stage.
Corolla (Petals): Often brightly coloured, attract insects for pollination.
Androecium (Stamens): Male reproductive part. Each stamen has a filament and an anther which produces pollen
grains.
Gynoecium (Carpels/Pistil): Female reproductive part. Each carpel consists of stigma (receives pollen), style
(tube), and ovary (contains ovules).

Types of Flowers
Bisexual (Hermaphrodite): Have both androecium and gynoecium (e.g., Hibiscus).
Unisexual: Have either stamens (male flower) or carpels (female flower) (e.g., papaya, cucumber).

Symmetry of Flowers
Actinomorphic: Radially symmetrical (e.g., mustard, lily).
Zygomorphic: Bilaterally symmetrical (e.g., pea, bean).

Bracts
Specialised, small leaf-like structures from which a flower arises.
Flowers with bracts: Bracteate.
Flowers without bracts: Ebracteate.

Inflorescence
Arrangement of flowers on floral axis.
Racemose: Main axis continues to grow, flowers arise laterally in acropetal succession (e.g., mustard).
Cymose: Main axis terminates in a flower, growth is limited, flowers arranged in basipetal succession (e.g.,
jasmine).

Placentation
Arrangement of ovules inside ovary.
Types:
- Marginal: Ovules attached to margin (pea).
- Axile: Ovules on central axis (lemon, tomato).
- Parietal: Ovules on inner wall of ovary (mustard).
- Basal: Single ovule at base (sunflower).
- Free central: Ovules on central axis without septa (dianthus).

Fertilisation Role
The flower undergoes pollination, leading to fertilisation.
Ovary develops into fruit, ovules become seeds after fertilisation.

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