GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY ● Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhwy ³ ● Aa¨vqwfwZwËK Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi

Aa¨vq—1: Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³: wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖw¶Z

1. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Kx? DËi: wfIAvBwc (VOIP) Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv—
DËi: †h‡Kv‡bv Z‡_¨i DrcwË, msi¶Y, Voice Over Intermet Protocol. GwU
cÖwµqvKiY I mÂvj‡b e¨eüZ cÖhyw³B n‡jv Z_¨ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g K_v ejvi GKai‡bi gva¨g|
I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³| 9. Zoom Kx?
2. wek¦MÖvg Kx? DËi: Ryg n‡jv eZ©gvb mg‡qi me‡P‡q RbwcÖq
DËi: wek¦MÖvg n‡jv Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³wbf©i AbjvBb wfwWI wgwUs-Gi GKwU cø¨vUdg©| gvwK©b
Ggb GKwU cwi‡ek, †hLv‡b `~ieZ©x ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb hy³iv‡óªi Ryg wfwWI KwgDwb‡KkÝ B¼. cÖwZôvb
K‡iI c„w_exi mKj gvbyl Z_¨ cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g KZ©…K ˆZwiK…Z G KwgDwb‡Kkb mdUIq¨viwU
hy³ †_‡K GKwU GKK mgv‡R emevm Kivi K¬vDWwfwËK wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi cø¨vUd‡g©i gva¨‡g
myweav cvq Ges G‡K Aci‡K †mev cÖ`vb K‡i wfwWI †Uwj‡dvwb I AbjvBb P¨vU mvwf©m cÖ`vb
_v‡K| K‡i|
3. wek¦MÖvg aviYvi cÖeZ©K †K? / wek¦MÖvg-Gi aviYv 10. Google Meet Kx?
†`b †K? DËi: Google Meet n‡jv wR‡gBj
DËi: wek¦MÖvg aviYvi cÖeZ©K n‡jb KvbvwWqvb GKvD›Uavix‡`i Rb¨ weL¨vZ ¸Mj KZ©…K GKwU
`vk©wbK I †jLK nvievU© gvk©vj g¨vKjynvb| wd« wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs †mev| Gi gva¨‡g 100
4. B›Uvi‡bU Kx? Rb AskMÖnYKvix wb‡q wgwUs cwiPvjbv ev
DËi: B›Uvi‡bU n‡jv mviv c„w_ex Ry‡o we¯Í…Z, AbjvBb K¬vm Kiv‡bv hvq| G‡Z Ry‡gi g‡Zv
ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ A‡bK¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi mg‡qi †Kv‡bv mxgve×Zv †bB|
†bUIqv‡K©i mgwó, hv Rbmvavi‡Yi Rb¨ Db¥y³ 11. Facebook Messenger Kx?
Ges †hLv‡b AvBwc ev B›Uvi‡bU †cÖv‡UvKj bvgK DËi: †dmeyK †g‡mÄvi (mvaviYfv‡e †g‡mÄvi
e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| bv‡g cwiwPZ) n‡jv GKwU RbwcÖq †g‡mÄvi I
5. B-†gBj Kx? cø¨vUdg©, hv we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg RbwcÖq wfIAvBwc
DËi: B-†gB‡ji c~Y© A_© n‡jv B‡jKUªwbK mdUIq¨vi, hvi gva¨‡g BDRviMY wek¦e¨vcx wd«
†gBj| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wewfbœ wWwRUvj †g‡mwRs, AwWI-wfwWI Kwjs I P¨vwUs cÖf…wZ
wWfvBm (Kw¤úDUvi, †gvevBj cÖf…wZ) Gi g‡a¨ Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
wbf©i‡hvM¨fv‡e wWwRUvj Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb 12. AvDU‡mvwm©s Kx?
e¨e¯’v‡K B-†gBj e‡j| DËi: AvDU‡mvwm©s n‡jv †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi KvR
6. †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs Kx? wb‡Riv bv K‡i Z…Zxq †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi
DËi: †Uwj‡dvb ms‡hvM e¨envi K‡i Kw¤úDUvi, mvnv‡h¨ Kwi‡q †bIqv| AbjvBb gv‡K©U‡cø‡mi
AwWI-g‡Wg-wfwWI h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ †`k-we‡`‡ki nvRvi nvRvi KvR †_‡K wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx
wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K †Kv‡bv mfvq AskMÖnY Kivi wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv KvR Lyu‡R †bqv Ges †mwU m¤úv`b
c×wZ‡K †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs ejv nq| Kivi ci evqv‡ii KvQ †_‡K Zvi †c‡g›U MÖnY
7. wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Kx? Kivi gva¨‡g †h Db¥y³ †ckv ev wd«j¨vwÝs Kv‡Ri
DËi: wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs n‡jv †h †Kv‡bv m„wó n‡q‡Q, †mwU‡K AvDU‡mvwm©s e‡j|
†fŠ‡MvwjK `~iZ¡ n‡Z GKvwaK e¨w³e‡M©i g‡a¨ 13. wd«j¨vwÝs Kx?
†UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb cÖhyw³ I hš¿cvwZ e¨envi K‡i DËi: wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi Aax‡b bv †_‡K
msMwVZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, †hLv‡b ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Kiv‡K wd«j¨vwÝs e‡j| wd«j¨vwÝs
AskMÖnYKvixMY K_v ejvi cvkvcvwk wfwWI‡Z hviv K‡ib Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq wd«j¨vÝvi
ci¯úi‡K †`L‡Z cvb| (Freelancer) |
8. wfIAvBwc (VOIP) Kx? 14. Devi I cvVvI Kx?
 DËi: Devi: Devi (Uber) n‡jv †gvevBj wm‡÷g Øviv Awd‡mi mKj †ccvi IqvK© I
¯§vU©‡dv‡bi A¨vc-wfwËK U¨vw· †mevi †bUIqvK©| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|
cvVvI: cvVvI evsjv‡`wk cwienY I ivBW 20. †ccviwenxb wWwRUvjvBRW Awdm Kx?
†kqvwis †mev`vbKvix GKwU †Kv¤úvwb| GwU ivBW DËi: Awdwmqvj mKj Kv‡R Z_¨ cÖhyw³ e¨envi
†kqvwis †mevi cvkvcvwk B-Kgvm©, Kzwiqvi, Lv`¨ Kivi gva¨‡g KvM‡Ri e¨envi cwinvi K‡i P‡j
mieivn I †mev w`‡q hv‡”Q| Ggb Awdm‡K †ccviwenxb wWwRUvjvBRW Awdm
15. B-jvwbs Kx? ejv nq|
DËi: cÖPwjZ †kÖwYK‡¶ Dcw¯’Z bv †_‡KI 21. ¯§vU©‡nvg Kx?
wk¶K-wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ B‡jKUªwbK cÖhyw³ Z_v DËi: ¯§vU©‡nvg n‡jv Ggb GKwU evm¯’vb, †hLv‡b
Kw¤úDUvi ev †gvevBj, B›Uvi‡bU I B-†gBj, wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvwjs ev †cÖvMÖvwgs wWfvB‡mi mvnv‡h¨
wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs, Bb÷¨v›U †g‡mwRs cÖf…wZ evwoi wnwUs, Kzwjs, jvBwUs, wmwKDwiwU K‡›Uªvj
AbjvBb wfwËK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g e¨envi K‡i cÖf…wZ wm‡÷g wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|
cvi¯úwiK wg_w¯Œqvq wk¶v Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv 22. AvBIwU (IOT) Kx?
Kivi c×wZ‡K B-jvwb©s e‡j| DËi: wewfbœ wRwbmc‡Îi mv‡_ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
16. B-eyK Kx? ms‡hvM‡K B›Uvi‡bU Ae w_sm ms‡¶‡c AvBIwU
DËi: B-eyK n‡jv wcÖ›UK…Z eB‡qi B‡jKUªwbK ev ejv nq|
wWwRUvj fvm©b| GwU Kw¤úDUvi ev we‡klfv‡e 23. B-Kgvm© Kx?
wWRvBbK…Z †Kv‡bv enb‡hvM¨ wWfvB‡m cvV Kiv DËi: B›Uvi‡bU ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi
hvq| †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv
17. †Uwj‡gwWwmb Kx? cY¨ ev †mev µq-weµ‡qi KvRwU‡KB B-Kgvm©
DËi: Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g `~ieZ©x e‡j|
¯’v‡bi †ivMx‡`i‡K Pv¶zl bv †`‡LI we‡klÁ 24. GwUGg (ATM) Kx?
wPwKrmK Øviv wPwKrmv †mev †`Iqv‡K DËi: ATM Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q Automatted
†Uwj‡gwWwmb e‡j| Teller Machine. GwUGg ey_ †_‡K †WweU
18. B‡jKUªwbK †nj_ KvW© (EHR) Kx? KvW© ev †µwWU Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g e¨enviKvix Zvi
DËi: †Kv‡bv Rb‡Mvôxi ¯^v¯’¨ welqK Z_¨¸‡jv wn‡m‡e †_‡K 24 NÈv UvKv D‡Ëvjb ev Rgv w`‡Z
mywbw`©ó Dcv‡q msMÖn K‡i Zv wWwRUvj Dcv‡q cv‡ib|
msi¶Y Kivi cÖwµqv‡K B‡jKUªwbK †nj_ KvW© 25. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx?
(EHR) ejv nq| DËi: B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©µg
19. Awdm A‡Uv‡gkb Kx? cwiPvjbv‡K AbjvBb e¨vswKs ev B›Uvi‡bU
DËi: Awdm A‡Uv‡gkb n‡jv Ggb GK e¨vswKs e‡j| G‡K B-e¨vswKs ev fvP©yqvj
cÖhyw³wbf©i Kvh©µg, hvi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi, e¨vswKsI ejv nq|
†bUIqvwK©smn Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨ cÖhyw³ wWfvBm I
 GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY ● Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhwy ³ ● Aa¨vqwfwËK Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœi DËi
Aa¨vq—1: Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³: wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ
1. ÔK…wÎg eyw×gËvi gva¨‡g †gŠwjK M‡elYv m¤¢e bqÕ—e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: K…wÎg eyw×gËv (AI) n‡jv gvby‡li ˆZwi GKwU cÖhyw³, hv c~‡e© we`¨gvb Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z ev KvR
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e, †gŠwjK M‡elYv ej‡Z †evSvq bZzb Ávb, ZË¡, aviYv ev D™¢veb ˆZwi Kiv—hvi Rb¨ Mfxi
wPšÍvfvebv, m„RbkxjZv Ges wbZ¨bZzb cÖkœ †Zvjvi ¶gZv `iKvi| K…wÎg eyw×gËv †h‡nZz wbR †_‡K wKQz wPšÍv ev bZzb
ZË¡ D™¢veb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, eis gvby‡li †`Iqv Z‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i KvR K‡i, ZvB AI-Gi gva¨‡g †gŠwjK M‡elYv
m¤¢e bq| GwU †Kej gvby‡li M‡elYv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i, †bZ…Z¡ w`‡Z cv‡i bv|
2. ÔwWwRUvj evsjv‡`kÕ Gi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: ÔwWwRUvj evsjv‡`k' ej‡Z †evSvq †`‡ki cÖwZwU Lv‡Z Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i m‡e©v”P e¨envi wbwðZ K‡i
GKwU cÖhyw³wbf©i DbœZ ivóª MVb| GB aviYvi g~j j¶¨ n‡jv wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨, Kg©ms¯’vb I `vwi`ª¨ †gvP‡bi g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
†¶‡Î cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i RbM‡Yi Rxebgvb Dbœqb Kiv| miKvi 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨ GB j¶¨ AR©‡bi cwiKíbv MÖnY
K‡i Ges PviwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wfwËÑgvbem¤ú` Dbœqb, RbM‡Yi m¶gZv e„w×, mykvmb I Z_¨cÖhyw³ e¨envi‡K mvg‡b †i‡L
Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| GB aviYv cÖhyw³wbf©i, `¶ I †UKmB Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi GKwU RvZxq iƒc‡iLv wn‡m‡e KvR
Ki‡Q|
3. evsjv‡`k Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© n‡q‡Q Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: Z_¨ cÖhyw³i e¨envi K…wlLv‡Z e¨vcK cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q, hvi d‡j evsjv‡`k Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b Ki‡Z
†c‡i‡Q| K…lKiv GLb †gvevBj, B›Uvi‡bU I wewfbœ A¨v‡ci gva¨‡g AvenvIqvi Z_¨, AvaywbK K…wl c×wZ, mvi I
ex‡Ri civgk© Ges evRvig~j¨ m¤ú‡K© mn‡RB Rvb‡Z cvi‡Q| miKvwi K…wl AwdmviivI wWwRUvj gva¨g e¨envi K‡i
gvV ch©v‡q Z_¨ †cŠu‡Q w`‡”Qb| d‡j dmj Drcv`b †e‡o‡Q, dm‡ji ¶wZ K‡g‡Q Ges K…wlcY¨ mwVKfv‡e evRviRvZ
n‡”Q| Gm‡ei gva¨‡g K…wli Dbœqb wbwðZ nIqvq †`k Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q|
4. wbivcËvq ev‡qv‡gwUªKª& cÖhyw³i Ae`vb eywS‡q †jL|
DËi: wbivcËv, kbv³Kib I hvPvBKib Kv‡R K‡cv©‡iU cÖwZôv‡b, cvweøK wmwKDwiwU wm‡÷‡g, KbRygv‡i B‡jKwU&ªK&ª
BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î ev‡q‡gwU&ªK wWfvB‡mi eûj e¨envi cwijwÿZ nq| †Kvb Awd‡mi Af¨všÍ‡i cÖ‡e‡ki mgq e¨vw³i
ev‡qv‡gwU&ªK wm‡÷‡g †Kvb e¨vw³i cwiPq mbv³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ c~‡e©B H e¨vw³i WvUv †hgb—wWGbG, Av½y‡ji Qvc,
cÖw·‡g‡UU AvB‡W›UwUwU KvW©, nv‡Zi Zvjyi Qvc, Kɯ^I, †Pv‡Li †iwUbv I AvBwim, gyLgЇji wb`k©b ¯‹¨vb K‡i
WvUv‡e‡R msiÿY Kiv nq| cieZ©x‡Z ev‡qv‡gwUªK BbcyU h‡š¿i Øviv ¯‹¨vbK…Z WvUvi mv‡_ wgj‡j H e¨vw³ cÖ‡e‡ki
AbygwZ ev AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e, Ab¨_vq cv‡e bv| G cÖhyw³i d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv iÿv cvq Ab¨w`‡K
wbivcËvI wbwðZ nq|
5. †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Kxfv‡e gvbyl‡K mnvqZv w`‡”Q?
DËi: K…wl Drcv`b, Jla ˆZwi, Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘Z KviLvbv BZ¨vw` wewfbœ M‡elYvq †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis e¨envi Kiv nq|
G‡Z DbœZ Rv‡Zi cÖK…wZ mnbkxj I `ªæZ AwaK Drcv`bÿg Lv`¨km¨ cÖvwß m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb mg‡q †R‡bwUK
BwÄwbqvwis Gi cÖvq me †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨vcK cÖ‡qvM jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
6. wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ AvBwmwU Gi mv¤úªwZK cÖeYZv wn‡m‡e †Kvb Dcv`vbwU m¤úK©hy³? e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: cÖhyw³ wbf©i wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ AvBwmwUi mv¤úªªwZK cÖeYZv wn‡m‡e ev‡qv‡gwUªK c×wZ m¤úK©hy³|
ev‡qv‡gwUªK n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖhyw³ †hLv‡b †Kvb e¨w³i †`‡ni MV‡bi Ges AvPiYMZ ˆewk‡ó¨i Dci wfwË K‡i
AwØZxqfv‡e wPwýZ ev kbv³ Kiv nq| Z_¨ cÖhyw³‡Z ev‡qv‡gwUªK ej‡Z H †KŠkj‡K †evSvq hv, gvbe †`‡ni wewfbœ
ˆewkó¨ †hgb—wWGbG, Av½‡ji Qvc, †Pv‡Li †iwUbv I AvBwim, f‡qm c¨vUvb©, gyLgЇji c¨vUvb©, BZ¨vw` cÖgvY
Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡kølY I cwigvc K‡i e¨w³ kbv³ Kiv hvq| ev‡qv‡gwUªK GKKfv‡e cwigvc‡hvM¨ welq w`‡q kbv³KiY
KvR m¤úbœ K‡i| GwU kvixwiK I AvPibMZ GB `yBfv‡e kbv³ K‡i _v‡K|
7. Ôev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Kíbv‡K Qz‡q †`Lv m¤¢eÕ—e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: Ôev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Kíbv‡K Qz‡q †`Lv m¤¢eÕ—GwU ïaygvÎ m¤¢e n‡e fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi gva¨‡g| fvPy©qvj
wi‡qwjwU GKwU Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿Z cwi‡ek †hLv‡b e¨enviKvix H cwi‡e‡k gMœ n‡q ev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Kíbv‡K Qz‡q
 †`L‡Z cv‡i| GKBmv‡_ ev¯Í‡ei g‡Zv kÖeYvf~wZ Ges ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK fvev‡eM, D‡ËRbv Abyf~wZ cÖf…wZi AwfÁZv
AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
8. Z_¨ cÖhyw³wbf©i wek¦B wek¦MÖvg—e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wbf©i wek¦ AvR nvZi gy‡Vvq| ZvB eZ©gvb mgq‡K ejv nq Z_¨ I cÖhyw³i hyM ev
wek¦vq‡bi hyM| G hy‡Mi cÖavb PvwjKv kw³ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mgš^q| Avi G Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y mviv wek¦
AvR cwiYZ n‡q †Q wek¦ MÖv‡g| ZvB ejv hvq Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ wbf©i GB wek¦MÖv‡g mevi gv‡S †hb wbexo m¤úK© M‡o
D‡V‡Q|
9. we‡`wk eÜy‡`i mv‡_ †MBgm †Ljvi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: we‡`wk eÜy‡`i mv‡_ AbjvB‡b A_ev B›Uvi‡b‡Ui †MBgm †Ljv hvq| AbjvBb n‡jv B›Uvi‡bU Kv‡b‡±W
†bUIqvK©| AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g mswkøó mvB‡U cÖ‡ek K‡i †MBgm KgvÛmg~n Abymi‡bi gva¨‡g we‡`wk eÜz‡`i mv‡_
†MBgm †L‡jv hvq|
10. B-Kgvm© c‡Y¨i µq-weµq‡K Kxfv‡e mnR K‡i‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki?
DËi: e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨i B‡jKÆwbK gva¨‡g B-Kgvm© e‡j| †µZv †Kvb cY¨ m¤ú‡K© AvMÖnx n‡j I‡qe‡cB‡Ri AWv©i
dg©wU cyiY K‡i we‡µZvi wbKU cÖ`vb K‡ib| Ges GKB c×wZ‡Z †µwWU Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g g~j¨ cwi‡kva K‡ib| Avi
we‡µZv Zvi wbR¯^ e¨e¯’vcbvq `ªæZ †µZvi wbKU cY¨ †cŠ‡Q †`q| B›Uvi‡bUwfwËK Giæc µq c×wZ‡K Ab-jvBb
kwcs ejv nq| Ges B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK mvgwMÖK G e¨emvq e¨e¯’vcbvqB n‡jv B-Kgvm©|
11. ÔAvRKvj N‡i e‡m †KbvKvUv AwaKZi myweavRbKÕ—e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: AvRKvj N‡i e‡m †KbvKvUv Ab jvBb kwcs AwaKZi mnR| B›Uvi‡bU ev Ab¨ †Kvb B‡jKUªwbK&ª wgwWqvi gva¨‡g
†Kvb e¨w³ cY¨ wKb‡j Zv‡K AbjvBb kwcs e‡j| AvRKvj kwcs g‡j wM‡q iv¯Ívq hvbhU, UvK Pzwi wQbZvB nIqvi
fq _v‡K|ZvB AbjvB‡b †KbvKvUv Kiv AwaKZi hyw³hy³|
12. Z_¨ cÖhyw³ wbfi© wek¦ wek¦MÖvg e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: wek^MÖvg Ggb GKwU cwi‡ek †hLv‡b c„w_exi mKj gvbyl GKK mgv‡R emevm K‡i Ges B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv I
Z_¨ cªhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g G‡K Aci‡K †mev cÖ`vb K‡i| Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i we¯Í„Z e¨envi Z_v Z_¨ Av`vb
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Bbdi‡gkb mycvi nvBI‡qi mv‡_ ms‡hvM Qvov wek^Mªv‡gi aviYv Am¤¢e|
13. wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î AbjvBb jvB‡eªwii fzwgKv eywS‡q †jL|
DËi: Z_¨ cÖhyw³i myweav e¨envi K‡i mbZvb c×wZi eB‡qi wWwRUvj iƒc (B-eyK) †h I‡qemvB‡U msiwÿZ _v‡K
Zv‡K AbjvBb jvB‡eªwi e‡j| Gme AbjvBb jvB‡eªwi †_‡K wkÿv_©xiv wewfbœ wel‡q Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i co‡Z cv‡i Ges
wfwWI wPÎ †`‡L mn‡R wkL‡Z cv‡i, hv Zvi cvV¨ eB Aa¨q‡b mnvqK f~wgKv iv‡L|
14. B›Uvi‡bU wek¦MÖv‡gi †giæ`Û ejv nq †Kb?
DËi: B›Uvi‡bU gva¨‡gB gvbyl we‡k^i wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ Ae¯’vb K‡i G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ mn‡R †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges
wewfbœ ai‡bi Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GBRb¨B B›Uvi‡bU n‡”Q wek^Mªvg mshy³Zvi †giæ`Û|
15. e‡qv‡gwUª· GKwU AvPviwYK ˆewkó¨ wbf©i cÖhyw³ e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: ev‡qv‡gwUªK n‡”Q GK ai‡bi †KŠkj ev cªhyw³ hvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li kvixwiK KvVv‡gv,AvPvi-AvPiY, ˆewkó¨,
MyYvMyyY, e¨w³Z¦ cÖf~wZ Øviv wbw`©ó e¨vw³‡K wPwýZ ev kbv³KiY Kiv hvq| msÁv †_‡K †`Lv hvq ev‡qv‡gwUªKª cÖhyw³wU
GKvšÍB kvixwiK KvVv‡gv I AvPvi-AvPib, ˆewkó¨ I MyYvejx †Kw›`ªK| myZivs GwU n‡jv GKwU AvPiYxK wbf©i cÖhyw³|
 GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY ● Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhwy ³ ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
Aa¨vq—1: Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³: wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ—1 ■ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
wecøex I †Kqv `yBRbB D”P-gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i cov‡kvbv K‡i| Zv‡`i AvBwmwU wk¶K Ôwe‡k¦i cwi”Qbœ kn‡ii UªvwdK e¨e¯’vq
e¨eüZ cÖhyw³ XvKvq e¨enviÕ wel‡q A¨vmvBb‡g›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z w`‡jb| wecøex K‡jR jvB‡eªwi Ges Ab¨vb¨ jvB‡eªwi‡Z e‡m
eB c‡o Ges B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i A¨vmvBb‡g›U ˆZwi Kij| A¨vmvBb‡g‡›U †m Z_¨m~Î D‡jøL Kij| †Kqv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GK wmwbqi fvB‡qi A¨vmvBb‡g›U B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K wb‡q wKQzUv cwieZ©b K‡i Rgv w`j| †Kqvi A¨vmvBb‡g›U
†`‡L AvBwmwU wk¶‡Ki eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡jv bv GwU Kwc Kiv|
K. fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU Kx?
L. ÔK…wÎg eyw×gËvi gva¨‡g †gŠwjK M‡elYv m¤¢e bqÕ—e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. wecøex Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i †Kvb Ae`vb e¨envi K‡i‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. cÖhyw³i e¨envi we‡ePbvq wecøex Ges †Kqvi Kv‡Ri ˆemv`„k¨ g~j¨vqb Ki|
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g ˆZwi K…wÎg GKwU cwi‡ek, hv gvbyl‡K ev¯Íe cwi‡e‡ki g‡Zv Abyfe
Kivq|
L. K…wÎg eyw×gËv (AI) n‡jv gvby‡li ˆZwi GKwU cÖhyw³, hv c~‡e© we`¨gvb Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z ev KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡i| Z‡e, †gŠwjK M‡elYv ej‡Z †evSvq bZzb Ávb, ZË¡, aviYv ev D™¢veb ˆZwi Kiv—hvi Rb¨ Mfxi wPšÍvfvebv,
m„RbkxjZv Ges wbZ¨bZzb cÖkœ †Zvjvi ¶gZv `iKvi| K…wÎg eyw×gËv †h‡nZz wbR †_‡K wKQz wPšÍv ev bZzb ZË¡ D™¢veb
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, eis gvby‡li †`Iqv Z‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i KvR K‡i, ZvB AI-Gi gva¨‡g †gŠwjK M‡elYv m¤¢e bq|
GwU †Kej gvby‡li M‡elYv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i, †bZ…Z¡ w`‡Z cv‡i bv|
M. wecøex Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i ÔB›Uvi‡bUÕ Gi Ae`vb e¨envi K‡i‡Q| †m Zvi A¨vmvBb‡g›U ˆZwii Rb¨ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
wewfbœ Drm †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq I cÖvmw½K Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i‡Q| B›Uvi‡bU Ggb GKwU cÖhyw³, hvi gva¨‡g wek¦e¨vcx Z_¨
K‡qK †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨B Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| B›Uvi‡bU Zv‡K eB-cy¯‡Í Ki evB‡i †_‡KI wewfbœ wbeÜ, cÖwZ‡e`b,
M‡elYvjä Z_¨ Ges we‡`wk kn‡ii UªvwdK e¨e¯’vi cÖhyw³MZ w`K wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q|
Z_¨ msMÖn †k‡l †m wb‡Ri we‡kølY I wPšÍvkw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i GKwU †gŠwjK A¨vmvBb‡g›U ˆZwi K‡i‡Q Ges mwVKfv‡e
Z_¨m~Î D‡jøL K‡i‡Q| GwU B›Uvi‡b‡Ui m„Rbkxj I ˆbwZK e¨env‡ii GKwU fv‡jv D`vniY| d‡j ejv hvq, wecøex
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb B›Uvi‡bU-Gi h_vh_ e¨envi K‡i Zvi A¨vmvBb‡g›UwU mdjfv‡e
m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q|
N. wecøex I †Kqv `yR‡bB Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i‡Q, Z‡e Zv‡`i e¨envi c×wZ‡Z i‡q‡Q ¯úó ˆemv`„k¨|
wecøex B›Uvi‡bU‡K GKwU M‡elYvi DcKiY wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i‡Q| †m wewfbœ AbjvBb Drm †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i
wb‡R we‡kølY K‡i GKwU †gŠwjK A¨vmvBb‡g›U ˆZwi K‡i‡Q Ges Z_¨m~Î mwVKfv‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Q| Zvi KvRwU
m„Rbkxj, `vwqZ¡kxj Ges ˆbwZKZvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨|
Ab¨w`‡K, †Kqv cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡jI Zv wQj A‰bwZK| †m wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKRb wmwbq‡ii ˆZwi A¨vmvBb‡g›U
B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K msMÖn K‡i †Kej wKQz Ask cwieZ©b K‡i Rgv w`‡q‡Q| GwU mivmwi bKj ev †cøwRqvwiR‡gi kvwgj,
hv wk¶vi †gŠwjK D‡Ïk¨‡K ¶wZMÖ¯Í K‡i Ges ˆbwZK wk¶vi cwicš’x|
myZivs, cÖhyw³i e¨envi we‡ePbvq wecøexi KvR Z_¨cÖhyw³i mwVK I ˆbwZK e¨env‡ii D`vniY, Avi †Kqvi KvR
Z_¨cÖhyw³i Ace¨envi I A‰bwZK AvPi‡Yi cÖwZdjb| GB `yB Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †gŠwjKZv, mZZv I `vwqZ¡kxjZvi w`K
†_‡K GKwU eo cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ—2 ■ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

Bgv Zvi evmvq Avbv bZzb wUwf‡Z GKwU wm‡bgv †`Lj| wm‡bgv †`Lvi †¶‡Î GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi Pkgv e¨envi Ki‡j wb‡R‡K
wm‡bgvi Ask g‡b nq| †m LyeB Avbw›`Z n‡jv| †m Zvi evev‡K wR‡Ám K‡i Rvb‡Z cvij GKwU we‡kl cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i
wUwf Ges wm‡bgvwU ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bgv Zvi GB Avb›` Abyf‚wZ Zvi Facebook account Gi gva¨‡g eÜz‡`i mv‡_
†kqvi Kij|
K. †iv‡evwU· Kx?
L. ÔwWwRUvj evsjv‡`kÕ Gi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ cÖhyw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. eÜz‡`i mv‡_ Bgvi Avb›`-Abyf‚wZ †kqvi Ôwek¦MÖvg aviYv mswkøóÕ—Gi †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki|
2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. †iv‡evwU· n‡jv GKwU cÖhyw³ kvLv, †hLv‡b ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z m¶g †iveU ˆZwi, wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbv Kiv nq|
L. ÔwWwRUvj evsjv‡`k' ej‡Z †evSvq †`‡ki cÖwZwU Lv‡Z Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i m‡e©v”P e¨envi wbwðZ K‡i GKwU
cÖhyw³wbf©i DbœZ ivóª MVb| GB aviYvi g~j j¶¨ n‡jv wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨, Kg©ms¯’vb I `vwi`ª¨ †gvP‡bi g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †¶‡Î
cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i RbM‡Yi Rxebgvb Dbœqb Kiv| miKvi 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨ GB j¶¨ AR©‡bi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i
Ges PviwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wfwËÑgvbem¤ú` Dbœqb, RbM‡Yi m¶gZv e„w×, mykvmb I Z_¨cÖhyw³ e¨envi‡K mvg‡b †i‡L
Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| GB aviYv cÖhyw³wbf©i, `¶ I †UKmB Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi GKwU RvZxq iƒc‡iLv wn‡m‡e KvR
Ki‡Q|
M. DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ cÖhyw³wU n‡jv fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU (Virtual Reality), hv GKwU AZ¨vaywbK cÖhyw³| GB cÖhyw³i
gva¨‡g e¨enviKvix wb‡R‡K GKwU K…wÎg ev KwíZ cwi‡e‡k Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q e‡j Abyfe K‡i| Bgv †h we‡kl Pkgv
e¨envi K‡i wm‡bgv †`‡L‡Q, Zv g~jZ fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU †nW‡mU, hv wÎgvwÎK (3D) I wN‡i ivLvi g‡Zv ev¯Íe Abyf‚wZ
ˆZwi K‡i| GB cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i wUwf I wm‡bgv Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv nq †hb `k©K ïay †`L‡Q bv, eis wm‡bgvi
NUbvcÖev‡ni Ask n‡q DV‡Q|
fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU mvaviYZ we‡kl ai‡bi Pkgv, †mÝi, mdUIq¨vi Ges Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³i mvnv‡h¨ KvR K‡i| GwU
e¨enviKvixi †PvL, Kvb I kix‡ii Abyf‚wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L GKwU fvP©yqvj cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i| d‡j `k©K g‡b
K‡i †m †mB cwi‡e‡ki ev¯Íe Ask|
GB cÖhyw³ eZ©gv‡b ïay we‡bv`‡bB bq, wk¶v, wPwKrmv, mvgwiK cÖwk¶Y, †Mwgs I ¯’vcZ¨ wWRvB‡bi g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
†¶‡ÎI e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| Bgvi Avb‡›`i Abyf‚wZ Ges eÜz‡`i m‡½ †dmey‡K Zv fvM K‡i †bIqv AvaywbK cÖhyw³wbf©i
mgvR e¨e¯’viB cÖwZdjb|
N. Bgv Zvi Avb›`-Abyf‚wZ eÜz‡`i mv‡_ Facebook-Gi gva¨‡g gyn~‡Z©B †kqvi K‡i‡Q, hv Ôwek¦MÖvgÕ (Global
Village) aviYvi mv‡_ mivmwi m¤úK©hy³| wek¦MÖvg ej‡Z †evSvq, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g c„w_exi †h
†Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍi gvbyl G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ Lye mn‡R, `ªæZ Ges Zvr¶wYKfv‡e †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q—†hgbwU Av‡M
MÖv‡gi gvby‡li g‡a¨ †`Lv †hZ|
Bgv †hgb gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ Zvi Avb›` mviv we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b _vKv eÜz‡`i m‡½ fvM K‡i wb‡Z †c‡i‡Q, †Zgwb Zvi
eÜzivI Zvr¶wYKfv‡e cÖwZwµqv Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| GB `ªæZ Z_¨ wewbgq Ges Abyf‚wZ fvM K‡i †bIqvi ¶gZv Z_¨cÖhyw³
I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Ae`v‡b m¤¢e n‡q‡Q, hv wek¦‡K GKwU †QvU MÖv‡g iƒcvšÍi K‡i‡Q|
GB Rb¨B ejv hvq, Bgvi GB KvR Ôwek¦MÖvgÕ aviYvi GKwU ev¯Íe cÖ‡qvM—†hLv‡b `~iZ¡ †Kv‡bv evav bq, cÖhyw³B
mewKQz‡K GK m~‡Î Muv_‡Q|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ—3 ■ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

M‡elK W. nvwme mKv‡j Zuvi j¨v‡e cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z wM‡q `iRv Lyj‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| KviY MZKvj wZwb Zvi nv‡Zi GKwU Av½yj
†K‡U hvIqvq e¨v‡ÛR K‡i †i‡L‡Qb| d‡j Zuv‡K mnKg©x kvdvqvZ bv Avmv ch©šÍ evB‡i A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡jv| G‡Z wei³ n‡q
wZwb j¨v‡ei `iRv †Lvjvi Rb¨ cvmIqvW©hy³ cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii Rb¨ KZ©…c¶‡K Aby‡iva Ki‡jb|
K. b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR Kx?
L. evsjv‡`k Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© n‡q‡Q Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. j¨v‡e †Kvb cÖhyw³i e¨envi K‡i W. nvwme `iRv Ly‡j _v‡Kb—e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. W. nvwme KZ©…c¶‡K †h cÖ¯Íve w`‡jb, Zv wK †hŠw³K we‡kølY Ki|
3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR n‡jv Ggb GK cÖhyw³, †hLv‡b c`v_©‡K AYy ev cigvYy ¯Í‡i wbqš¿Y I e¨envi Kiv nq| GwU w`‡q
AwZ ¶z`ªvK…wZi hš¿ I DcKiY ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e|
L. Z_¨ cÖhyw³i e¨envi K…wlLv‡Z e¨vcK cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q, hvi d‡j evsjv‡`k Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
K…lKiv GLb †gvevBj, B›Uvi‡bU I wewfbœ A¨v‡ci gva¨‡g AvenvIqvi Z_¨, AvaywbK K…wl c×wZ, mvi I ex‡Ri civgk©
Ges evRvig~j¨ m¤ú‡K© mn‡RB Rvb‡Z cvi‡Q| miKvwi K…wl AwdmviivI wWwRUvj gva¨g e¨envi K‡i gvV ch©v‡q Z_¨
†cŠu‡Q w`‡”Qb| d‡j dmj Drcv`b †e‡o‡Q, dm‡ji ¶wZ K‡g‡Q Ges K…wlcY¨ mwVKfv‡e evRviRvZ n‡”Q| Gm‡ei
gva¨‡g K…wli Dbœqb wbwðZ nIqvq †`k Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q|
M. DÏxc‡K W. nvwme †h cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g `iRv Ly‡j _v‡Kb, Zv n‡jv ev‡qv‡gwUªK cÖhyw³, we‡kl K‡i wd½viwcÖ›U kbv³KiY
c×wZ| GB cÖhyw³‡Z e¨w³i nv‡Zi Av½y‡ji Qvc‡K GKwU we‡kl ms‡K‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g msi¶Y
Kiv nq| cieZ©x‡Z †mB e¨w³ hLb Av½y‡ji Qvc ¯‹¨vbv‡i †`q, ZLb wm‡÷g c~‡e© msiw¶Z Qv‡ci mv‡_ wgwj‡q Zvi
cwiPq wbwðZ K‡i Ges `iRv †Lvjvi AbygwZ †`q|
wKš‘ W. nvwm‡ei Av½y‡j e¨v‡ÛR _vKvq wZwb Av½y‡ji Qvc w`‡Z cv‡ibwb, ZvB `iRv Lyj‡Z cv‡ibwb| GwU †`Lvq †h,
wd½viwcÖ›U cÖhyw³ wbivc` n‡jI AvNvZ, AvOy‡ji ¶wZ ev †Kv‡bv kvixwiK cÖwZeÜKZvi Kvi‡Y e¨enviKvix‡K Amyweavq
†dj‡Z cv‡i| GB Kvi‡YB wZwb cvmIqvW©-wfwËK weKí cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii Aby‡iva K‡i‡Qb|
N. nu¨v, W. nvwme KZ©…c¶‡K †h cvmIqvW©hy³ cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii cÖ¯Íve w`‡jb, Zv m¤ú~Y© †hŠw³K| wd½viwcÖ›U ev‡qv‡gwUªK
cÖhyw³ wbivcËvi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki n‡jI GwU wbf©i K‡i kvixwiK A‡½i Dci, hv AvNvZ, KvUv ev e¨v‡ÛR _vK‡j
KvR bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e¨enviKvix `iRv †Lvjvi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i|
W. nvwme †h‡nZz Av½y‡j e¨v‡ÛR _vKvq `iRv Lyj‡Z cv‡ibwb, ZvB weKí GKwU c×wZ _vKv AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
cvmIqvW©wfwËK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v GKwU Kvh©Ki I mnRjf¨ mgvavb, hv ev‡qv‡gwUª‡Ki mxgve×Zv †gvKvwejvq mnvqK
n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov GwU eûj e¨eüZ I e¨enviKvixi wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K|
AZGe, weKí c×wZ wn‡m‡e cvmIqvW© cÖhyw³ hy³ Kiv wbivcËv I e¨envi‡hvM¨Zvi w`K †_‡K GKwU ev¯Íe, †hŠw³K
I cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯Íve| GwU e¨enviKvixi Amyweav `~i Ki‡Z Ges wm‡÷g‡K AviI e¨envievÜe Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

■■■ cixÿv-cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ AwZwi³ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi ■■■

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ—4 ■ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
`„k¨Kí-1: RqšÍ †PŠayix KzqvKvUv †eov‡Z wM‡q Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j XvKvq Ae¯’vbiZ GKRb wPwKrm‡Ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i|
wZwb RqšÍ‡K `ªæZ nvmcvZv‡j †h‡Z civgk© †`b| c‡i nvmcvZv‡ji wPwKrmK XvKvi we‡klÁ wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© Abyhvqx
Zv‡K XvKvi nvmcvZv‡j †cÖib K‡i|
`„k¨Kí-2: Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkwÿZ mywg → BDwbqb Z_¨ †mev †K‡›`ª PvKwi → ¯^vej¤^x → †`‡ki Dbœqb
K. B-†gBj Kx?
L. wbivcËvq ev‡qv‡gwUªKª& cÖhyw³i Ae`vb eywS‡q †jL|
M. `„k¨Kí-1 Gi †Kvb cÖhyw³i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q—e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. `„k¨Kí-2 Gi cÖevnwP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K Z_¨ cÖhyw³i f~wgKv we‡kølY Ki|
4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. B-†gBj n‡”Q B‡jKU&ªwbK †gBj Gi mswÿß iæc A_v©r Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb Z_¨ ev msev` Ab¨ †Kv_vI cvVv‡bv
ev MÖnY Kivi e¨e¯’v‡K †evSvq|
L. wbivcËv, kbv³Kib I hvPvBKib Kv‡R K‡cv©‡iU cÖwZôv‡b, cvweøK wmwKDwiwU wm‡÷‡g, KbRygv‡i B‡jKwU&ªK&ª BZ¨vw`
†ÿ‡Î ev‡q‡gwU&ªK wWfvB‡mi eûj e¨envi cwijwÿZ nq| †Kvb Awd‡mi Af¨všÍ‡i cÖ‡e‡ki mgq e¨vw³i ev‡qv‡gwU&ªK
wm‡÷‡g †Kvb e¨vw³i cwiPq mbv³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ c~‡e©B H e¨vw³i WvUv †hgb—wWGbG, Av½y‡ji Qvc, cÖw·‡g‡UU
AvB‡W›UwUwU KvW©, nv‡Zi Zvjyi Qvc, Kɯ^i, †Pv‡Li †iwUbv I AvBwim, gyLgЇji wb`k©b ¯‹¨vb K‡i WvUv‡e‡R msiÿY
Kiv nq| cieZ©x‡Z ev‡qv‡gwUªK BbcyU h‡š¿i Øviv ¯‹¨vbK…Z WvUvi mv‡_ wgj‡j H e¨vw³ cÖ‡e‡ki AbygwZ ev AMÖvwaKvi
cv‡e, Ab¨_vq cv‡e bv| G cÖhyw³i d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv iÿv cvq Ab¨w`‡K wbivcËvI wbwðZ nq|
M. DwÏc‡Ki `„k¨Kí-1 G †Uwj‡gwWwmb cÖhyw³i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j GKRb †ivMx N‡i e‡mB
†gvevBj †dvb A_ev AbjvBb c×wZ‡Z †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs ev wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Gi gva¨‡g we‡klÁ wPwKrm‡Ki civgk©
MÖnb K‡i my¯’Zv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| Av‡M Amy¯’ †ivMx‡K Riæix g~û‡Z© wPwKrmv †mev †`Iqv m¤¢e n‡Zv bv| wKš‘
†Uwj‡gwWwmb cÖhyw³i d‡j `yM©g GjvKv †_‡KI †ivMx h_vh_ wPwKrmv Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q|
 wPwKrmv †ÿ‡Î G cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j gvby‡li Mo Avqy e„w× cv‡”Q| bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© mn‡RB AewnZ
nIqv m¤¢e n‡”Q| cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j †_‡KI wPwKrmv †mev MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q|
N. DwÏc‡Ki `„k¨Kí-2 G mywg Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿb MÖnY K‡i BDwbqb Z_¨ †mev †K‡›`ªª PvKwi MÖnb K‡i ¯^vej¤^x nq|
GLv‡b mywgi Kg©KvÛ m¤ú~Y© Z_¨cÖhyw³ wbf©i| Z_¨cªhyw³i Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvby‡li Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi cwiwa I ai‡bi
cwieZ©b Avm‡Q| G cwiewZ©Z Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi Rb¨ Dchy³ cÖwkÿb MÖn‡bi gva¨‡g Lye mn‡RB GKRb hyeK ev hyeZx
wb‡R‡K ¯^vej¤^x wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i| Z_¨ cÖhyw³ wbf©i Gme cwiwai wekvjZv A‡bK, hvi gva¨‡g N‡i e‡m
we‡`wk AWv©‡ii KvRI Kiv m¤¢e|
hw` Gme cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i Ziæb-ZiæYx AviI m‡PZb nq Z‡e †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ Zivwš^Z n‡e|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ—5 ■ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

mvfv‡i ivbv cøvRv aŸ‡m wbnZ eû †cvkvK kÖwg‡Ki cwiPq cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq mbv³ Kiv hvw”Qj bv| cieZ©x‡Z miKv‡ii mw`”Qvq
DbœZ cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g AwaKvsk jvk mbv³ Kiv m¤¢e nq|
K. b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR Kx?
L. †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Kxfv‡e gvbyl‡K mnvqZv w`‡”Q?
M. DwÏc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z kÖwg‡Ki jvk kbv³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ MÖnxZ c×wZ wPwýZ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. Dcwi³ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Z_¨-cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g SzwK Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e—we‡kølY
K‡iv|
5 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. 1 wgUv‡ii 100 †KvwU fv‡Mi GKfvM‡K ejv nq b¨v‡bvwgUvi| Avi G b¨v‡bvwgUvi †¯‹‡j †h mg¯Í †UK‡bvjwR m¤úwK©Z
†m¸‡jv‡KB ejv nq b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR|
L. K…wl Drcv`b, Jla ˆZwi, Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘Z KviLvbv BZ¨vw` wewfbœ M‡elYvq †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis e¨envi Kiv nq| G‡Z
DbœZ Rv‡Zi cÖK…wZ mnbkxj I `ªæZ AwaK Drcv`bÿg Lv`¨km¨ cÖvwß m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb mg‡q †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis
Gi cÖvq me †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨vcK cÖ‡qvM jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
M. DwÏc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z kÖwg‡Ki jvk kbv³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ ev‡qv‡gwUªK c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z_¨ cÖhyw³‡Z
ev‡qv‡gwUªK ej‡Z H †KŠkj‡K †evSvq hv gvbe †`‡ni wewfbœ ˆewkó †hgb—wWGbG, Av½‡ji Qvc, †Pv‡Li †iwUbv I
AvBwim, f‡qm c¨vUvb©, gyLgЇji c¨vUvb©, BZ¨vw` cÖgvY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡kølY I cwigvc K‡i e¨w³ kbv³ Kiv hvq|
ev‡qv‡gwUªK GKK fv‡e cwigvc‡hvM¨ welq w`‡q kbv³KiY KvR m¤úbœ K‡i| GwU kvixwiK I AvPibMZ GB `yBfv‡e
kbv³ K‡i _v‡K| kvixwiK kbv³KiY ev‡qv‡gwUªK Dcv`vb n‡Z cv‡i, e¨w³i Kɯ^i, wWGbG, Av½y‡ji Qvc BZ¨vw`|
ivbv cøvRv aŸ‡m wbnZ kÖwgK‡`i kbv³Ki‡Y G cÖhyw³i e¨envi K‡i jv‡ki cwiPq Rvbv m¤¢e nq|
N. DwÏc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ †hgb—†iveU e¨envi K‡i cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e|
†iveU n‡jv †cÖvMÖvg wbqwš¿Z Kw¤úDUviwbf©i B‡jKU&ªwbK hš¿, hv ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| †eviU n‡”Q †cÖvMÖvg
wbqwš¿Z K…wËg eyw×gËv m¤úbœ ¯^qswµq B‡jKU&ªwbK hš¿ hv gvby‡li g‡Zv KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvov Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM
cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i KviLvbvi wWRvBb ˆZwi Kiv n‡j H fqven wec` †_‡K iÿv cvIqv †hZ| Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿Z
BÛvw÷ªqvj †ive‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ KviLvbvq bvbv iKg wec¾bK I cwikªgmva¨ KvR †hgb—I‡qwìs, XvjvB, gvjvgvj
DVvbvgv, hš¿vsk ms‡hvRb, Mvwoi is Kiv BZ¨vw` Kiv nq| mvwf©m †iveU AwZ ÿz`ª gvB‡µvmvwK©‡Ui Dcv`vb cy•Lvbycy•L
I wek¦vm¨fv‡e cixÿv Ki‡Z cv‡i hv gvby‡li c‡ÿ KwVb I Am¤¢e| wKQz †iveU ïay †cÖvMÖvg Abymv‡i KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wKQz †iveU `yi †_‡K †jRvi iwk¥ ev †iwWI wmMbv‡ji mvnv‡h¨ wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| hyׇÿ‡Î †iveU ˆmwbK e¨eüZ n‡”Q|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ—6 ■ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

gwbi mv‡ne GKRb PvDjKj e¨emvqx| MvBevÜv, iscyi, w`bvRcyi, KzwoMÖvg I jvjgwbinv‡U PvDjKj ¸‡jv Aew¯’Z|
MvBevÜvi PvDjKj cwi`k©‡b wM‡q GKRb ¸iæZi Amy¯Í Kg©Pvwi‡K cÖhyw³MZ myweav e¨envi K‡i `ªæZ wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
wZwb e¨¯Í e¨emvqx ZvB wbR Kvh©vj‡q e‡mB Kg©KZv© I Kg©Pvwi‡`i Dcw¯’wZ Ges Kg©cwi‡ek gwbUwis K‡i _v‡Kb| gwbi
mv‡ne ZvrÿwbK cÖ‡qvR‡b wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©KZv©‡`i mv‡_ †_‡K mfv Ges †mwgbvi K‡ib| Zvi wbR¯^ I‡qe‡cR Av‡Q|
wZwb `ªæZ Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb K‡ib| cvkvcvwk Awd‡m e‡mB KvPvgvj µq I Drcvw`Z cY¨ weµ‡q jvfevb n‡”Qb|
K. wek¦MÖvg Kx?
L. wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ AvBwmwU Gi mv¤úªwZK cÖeYZv wn‡m‡e †Kvb Dcv`vbwU m¤úK©hy³? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DwÏc‡Ki gwbi mv‡ne AvwmwU wbf©i †Kvb wPwKrmv c×wZi myweav wb‡qwQ‡jb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. gwbi mv‡n‡ei †ÿ‡Î wek¦MÖvg aviYvi cÖeve DwÏc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki|
6 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. ˆewk¦K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi e¨e¯’v mg„× ¯’vb‡K wek¦MÖvg e‡j|
L. cÖhyw³ wbf©i wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ AvBwmwUi mv¤úªªwZK cÖeYZv wn‡m‡e ev‡qv‡gwUªK c×wZ m¤úK©hy³| ev‡qv‡gwUªK
n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖhyw³ †hLv‡b †Kvb e¨w³i †`‡ni MV‡bi Ges AvPiYMZ ˆewk‡ó¨i Dci wfwË K‡i AwØZxqfv‡e
wPwýZ ev kbv³ Kiv nq| Z_¨ cÖhyw³‡Z ev‡qv‡gwUªK ej‡Z H †KŠkj‡K †evSvq hv, gvbe †`‡ni wewfbœ ˆewkó¨ †hgb—
wWGbG, Av½‡ji Qvc, †Pv‡Li †iwUbv I AvBwim, f‡qm c¨vUvb©, gyLgЇji c¨vUvb©, BZ¨vw` cÖgvY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨
we‡kølY I cwigvc K‡i e¨w³ kbv³ Kiv hvq| ev‡qv‡gwUªK GKKfv‡e cwigvc‡hvM¨ welq w`‡q kbv³KiY KvR m¤úbœ
K‡i| GwU kvixwiK I AvPibMZ GB `yBfv‡e kbv³ K‡i _v‡K|
M. DwÏc‡K gwbi mv‡ne AvwmwU wbf©i †Uwj‡gwWwmb wPwKrmv c×wZi myweav wb‡qwQ‡jb|
†Uwj‡gwWwmb c×wZ‡Z wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Gi gva¨‡g we‡klÁ wPwKrmK I †ivMxi g‡a¨ wbweo m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i mwVK
†ivM I wPwKrmvcÎ MÖnb K‡i mywPwKrmv cvIqv hvq| m‡ev©cywi Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Z_v B›Uvi‡bU, †gvevBj, I‡qe
†UK‡bvjwR e¨envi K‡i Wv³vi I †ivMx `yieZ©x ¯’v‡b †_‡KI †h wPwKrmv †mev ZvB †Uwj‡gwWwmb| †Uwj‡gwWwmb I
B-†nj_ Gi mvnv‡h¨ †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j †mLv‡b hvZvqvZ Kiv Kómva¨ †mLv‡b we‡klÁ wPwKrm‡Ki †mev †`Iqv
m¤¢e|
N. gwbi mv‡ne B-‡gBj e¨envi K‡i mKj Awd‡mi mv‡_ `ªæZZg mg‡q Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb K‡i Gi d‡j Kv‡Ri MwZ e„w×
cv‡”Q, cvkvcvwk LiP I Kg n‡”Q| Z_¨ cÖhyw³i hy‡M B-Kgv‡m©i e¨envi w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| eZ©gv‡b Ggb †Kvb
†ÿÎ †bB †hLv‡b B-Kgv‡m©i e¨envi †bB| Ab-jvBb cY¨ I †mev, fvP©yqvj e¨vsK, †µwWU BdwbU, †jb‡`b, e¨vsK
†÷U‡g›U, †PK AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g cY¨ mieivn,‡µwWU KvW©, e¨emvqx m¤úK©, wbjvg, AbjvBb wU‡KU µq, AbjvBb
wjd‡jU, weÁvcb BZ¨vw` m¤¢e n‡”Q| B-Kgv‡m©i d‡j `ªæZ †jb‡`b Kiv hv‡”Q| cÖwZôv‡bi AeKvVv‡gvi LiP,
weÁvc‡bi LiP I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi LiP Kg‡Q| B-Kgvm© e¨emv-evwb‡R¨i †ÿ‡Î ˆecøweK cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q N‡i e‡mB
cÖ‡qvRbxq KvPvgvj µq I Drcvw`Z cY¨ weµq Kiv mnRZi n‡”Q| GQvov B-e¨vswKs Gi gv‡a¨‡g A_© †jb‡`b Kiv
m¤¢e n‡”Q|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ—7 ■ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

mygb ¯‹jvikxc †c‡q Rvcv‡b P‡j hvq| †m †mLv‡b Zvi BDwbfv©wmwUi j¨v‡e cÖ‡e‡ki mgq †m݇ii w`‡K ZvKv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_
`iRv Ly‡j hvq| cÖevmRxe‡b _vKvKvjxb eÜz ev܇ei mv‡_ AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi mv‡_ †m Kykj wewbgq K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ G‡Z Zvi
gb f‡i bv| Zvi g‡b nq, ïay K_vq Kx gb f‡i, hw` bv nq `k©b? AvaywbK Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y Zvi †m cÖZ¨vkvI A‡bKUv
c~iY n‡q‡Q|
K. ev‡qvBbdi‡gwUªK Kx?
L. Ôev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Kíbv‡K Qz‡q †`Lv m¤¢eÕ—e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. myg‡bi j¨v‡e cÖ‡e‡ki c×wZwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †Kvb gva¨g e¨envi myg‡bi cÖZ¨vkv c~i‡Y mev©waK f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q? DwÏc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølYc~e©K
gZvgZ `vI|
7 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. Rxe msµvšÍ Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi Kv‡R Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvMB n‡jv ev‡qvBbdi‡gwUªK|
L. Ôev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Kíbv‡K Qz‡q †`Lv m¤¢eÕ—GwU ïaygvÎ m¤¢e n‡e fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi gva¨‡g| fvPy©qvj wi‡qwjwU
GKwU Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿Z cwi‡ek †hLv‡b e¨enviKvix H cwi‡e‡k gMœ n‡q ev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Kíbv‡K Qz‡q †`L‡Z
cv‡i| GKBmv‡_ ev¯Í‡ei g‡Zv kÖeYvf~wZ Ges ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK fvev‡eM, D‡ËRbv Abyf~wZ cÖf…wZi AwfÁZv AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
M. myg‡bi j¨v‡e cÖ‡e‡ki c×wZwU wQj ev‡qv‡gwUªK| mvaviYZ Rxewe`¨vi Z_¨ wb‡q †h weÁvb KvR K‡i Zv‡K ev‡qv‡gwUªK
e‡j| ev‡qv‡gwUªK gvby‡li AvPiYMZ ˆewkó¨ wPwýZ K‡i| GUv ch©‡eÿYKvjxb GKK ev MÖæc Abyhvqx KvR K‡i _v‡K|
 ev‡qv‡gwUªK GK ai‡bi †KŠkj hvi gva¨‡g kvixwiK KvVv‡gv, AvPvi-AvPiY, ˆewkó¨, ¸Yv¸Y, e¨w³Z¡ cÖf„wZ Øviv wbw`©ó
e¨w³‡K wPwýZ ev kbv³ Kiv nq| †Kvb e¨w³ ev MÖæc‡K kbv³KiY Ges Zv‡`i cÖ‡ek cÖwµqv ch©‡eÿY Kivi Rb¨
Kw¤úDUvi weÁv‡b G cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv nq|
mygb Rvcv‡b Zvi BDwbfvwm©wU j¨v‡e cÖ‡e‡ki mgq †m݇ii w`‡K ZvKv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ `iRv Ly‡j hvq| GLv‡b Zvi
cÖ‡e‡ki c×wZ wQj ev‡qv‡gwUªK|
N. †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g wn‡m‡e mygb †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs I wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡Q| †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs n‡jv
†Uwj‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g GKvwaK e¨w³i mv‡_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv ev K‡_vcK_b| wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs n‡jv GKvwaK e¨w³i
g‡a¨ Qwemn Avjvc Av‡jvPbv I K‡_vcK_b| cÖevmRxe‡b _vKvKvjxb Ae¯’vq eÜz ev܇ei mv‡_ AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi mv‡_
cÖvqB Avjvc Av‡jvPbv I Kzkj wewbgq K‡i| wKš‘ G‡Z Zvi gb f‡i bv| Zvi g‡b nq, ïay K_vq wK f‡i gb, hw` bv
nq `k©b| ZvB mygb Zvi eÜz ev܇ei mv‡_ Ges AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi mv‡_ †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs Ges wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs K‡i
_v‡K| DwÏc‡K myg‡bi ïaygvÎ †Uwj‡dv‡b Avjv‡ci gva¨‡g Zvi g‡bi fve c~Y© nqwb| cieZ©x‡Z hLb Qwemn
AvjvcPvwiZvq AskMÖnb KiZ ZLb Zvigb cÖvYešÍ n‡q DVZ| myZivs wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Gi gva¨‡g AvjvcPvwiZv
Zvi g‡b mev©waK cÖZ¨vkv c~iY K‡i‡Q|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ—8 ■ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

KvRj Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖwkÿY †bq| we‡`‡k hvIqvi j‡ÿ¨ †m BDwbqb Z_¨ †K‡›`ª wM‡q wbeÜb K‡i| Z_¨‡K›`ª †_‡KB †m Zvi
hveZxq Z_¨, Qwe BZ¨vw` †cÖiY K‡i| GQvov †`‡k we‡`‡k mKj cÖwZôv‡bi PvKwii Lei †m Lye mn‡RB GLvb †_‡KB †c‡q
hvq| Ges Gfv‡eB †m GKw`b gvj‡qwkqvi GKwU Kj †m›Uv‡i PvKzwi †c‡q hvq| Zvi cvVv‡bv A‡_©B KvR‡ji evwo‡Z GeQi
cvKv Ni D‡V‡Q| eÜKx Rwg Qvwo‡q †bevi e¨e¯’v n‡q‡Q| covïbv eÜ n‡q hvIqv KvR‡ji †QvU fvB Gevi we.G Gi dig
wdj-Avc K‡i‡Q|
K. www Kx?
L. Z_¨ cÖhyw³wbf©i wek¦B wek¦MÖvg—e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DwÏc‡K wek¦MÖv‡gi †Kvb Ae`vbwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? we‡kølY Ki|
N. KvRj eZ©gv‡b Ae¯’vi Rb¨ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q—Zzwg Kx GKgZ? hyw³mn we‡kølY
Ki|
8 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. www Gi c~Y©iƒc world wide web| G‡K w_ª WweøD ev (wek¦ we¯Í…Z ev Qov‡bv Z_¨ RvwjKv) I‡qeI ejv nq| GwU
GKwU gvwëwgwWqv Gbfvqib‡g›U|
L. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wbf©i wek¦ AvR nvZi gy‡Vvq| ZvB eZ©gvb mgq‡K ejv nq Z_¨ I cÖhyw³i hyM ev wek¦vq‡bi
hyM| G hy‡Mi cÖavb PvwjKv kw³ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mgš^q| Avi G Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y mviv wek¦ AvR cwiYZ
n‡q †Q wek¦ MÖv‡g| ZvB ejv hvq Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ wbf©i GB wek¦MÖv‡g mevi gv‡S †hb wbexo m¤úK© M‡o D‡V‡Q|
M. DwÏc‡K wek¦MÖv‡gi cÖwZdwjZ Ae`vbwU n‡jv †hvMv‡hvM| g~jZ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi A_©B n‡jv Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb| eZ©gv‡b
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y wek¦MÖvg aviYvi †hvMv‡hvM †ÿ‡Î ˆecøweK cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q| gyn~‡Z©B B-†gB‡ji
gva¨‡g †U·U, AwWI, wfwWI Av`vb cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| †gvevBj †dvb ev B-†gBj wPwVi B‡jKUªwb· ev wWwRUvj iƒc
c„w_ex‡K †hvMv‡hvM †ÿ‡Î wek¦Mªv‡g cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| †bB †Kvb mxgv‡iLv, †bB †Kvb cvm‡cvU© wfmv, we‡k¦i †h †Kvb
¯’v‡b †gvevBj ev B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| MÖv‡gi cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl‡K †hgb GK bv‡g wP‡b †Zgwb
B›Uvi‡bU e¨e¯’v B-†gB‡j A¨v‡Wªm (mviv wek¦e¨vwc wbw`©ó B-†gBj †Wv‡gB‡bi Rb¨ hv AwØZxq ev Abb¨) †gvevBj
ZvrÿwYK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Ab¨Zg gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q|
N. KvR‡ji eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi Rb¨ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| Avwg G hyw³i mv‡_ m¤ú~Y© GKgZ|
KvRj B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g gvj‡qwkqvq Zvi PvKwii e¨e¯’v K‡iQ| Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY MÖnY Zvi PvKwii Rb¨ AviI
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