Stoichiometry & Limiting Reactant Exercises
Given:
Molar atomic mass in [Link]1: M(Br) = 80, M(Al) = 27; M (Cu) 64; M (N) = 14; M(O) =
16; M (C) = 12; M(H) = 1.
Molar Volume: Vm = 24.0 [Link]1.
I – Consider the combustion of acetone: C2H5OH + O2 → CO2 + H2O
1. Balance the equation.
2. 3 moles of acetone are burned in 20 moles of oxygen.
2.1. Find the limiting reagent or reactant.
2.2. Give the composition of the reaction medium at the end of the reaction.
2.3. Calculate the number of moles of the gas released at the end of the reaction. Deduce
its volume.
II – In a closed container 1.0 mole of iron and 1.0 mole of oxygen are reacted to obtain iron III
oxide Fe2O3.
1. Write the equation of the reaction taking place.
2. What substance (s) will there be in the container at the end of the reaction.
3. Calculate the number of moles and mass of the product obtained.
III – Consider the following reaction:
Al + HBr AlBr3 + H2
1. Balance the equation.
2. When 3.22 moles of Al react with 4.96 moles of HBr. Indicate the limiting reactant.
3. Find the number moles of H2 are formed. Deduce its volume.
4. For the reactant in excess, calculate the number of moles that are left over at the end of
the reaction.
IV – 23.5 L of ammonia gas, NH3, reacted with 90.0 g of CuO according to the following
balanced equation:
2 NH3 + 3 CuO N2 + 3 Cu + 3 H2
1. Find the limiting reagent.
2. Find the mass of nitrogen gas that can be formed by the reaction.
3. Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas formed.
V – If 54.7 grams of propane (C3H8) and 89.6 grams of oxygen (O2) are available in the given
combustion reaction below:
C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O
1. Determine which reactant is the limiting reactant.
2.
2.1. Calculate the theoretical yield of CO2 in grams.
2.2. If the mass of CO2 produced by the reaction is 69.2 g. Determine the percent yield of
the reaction.
VI – A ribbon of magnesium (Mg) of mass m = 2.43g, is ignited in a flask containing dioxygen
O2 of volume 2.4 L. It burns with a very bright flame and a white powder of magnesium oxide
MgO is obtained on the walls of the flask.
1. Identify the reactants and the products in the given reaction.
2. Is the reaction spontaneous or initiated? Justify.
3. Write and balance the chemical reaction equation.
4. Calculate the initial quantities of the reactants in moles.
Given: M(O) = 16 [Link]-1; M(Mg) = 24.3 [Link]-1; Vm = 24 [Link]1.
5. Specify the limiting reagent and the excess reagent. Justify your answer.
6. Calculate the mass of magnesium oxide obtained at the end of the reaction.
VII – The balance equation for the complete combustion of ethane is:
2 C2Hx + y O2 4 CO2 + 6 H2O
Burn 6 g of ethane in the presence of oxygen. The products of combustion are collected and
weighed. You find 17.6 g of carbon dioxide and 10.8 g of water.
1. Determine "x and y".
2. Find the mass of oxygen gas used in the reaction.
VIII – An aqueous solution (S) of nitric acid HNO3 is prepared, with concentration C = 0.1 mol.
L-1 and volume V = 0.2 L. Nitric acid is a strong acid.
1. Write down the equation for the ionization of nitric acid in water.
2. Deduce the molarity of hydronium ions present in solution (S).
3. Specify the chemical entities, other than water molecules, present in solution (S).
4. Solution (S) is poured over excess calcium carbonate CaCO3; carbon dioxide CO2 is
released.
4.1. Write down the equation for the chemical reaction that occurs.
4.2. Determine the volume Vg of carbon dioxide gas released at the end of the reaction
under the conditions of the experiment, the molar volume is Vm= 24 [Link]-1.
IX –We wish to prepare an aqueous solution (S1) of potassium nitrate (KNO3) of volumeV1 =
400 mL and concentration C = 1.5 mol. L-1.
1. Calculate the mass of solute to be dissolved.
2. During dissolution, the temperature of the solution drops. What is the characteristic
(property) of this dissolution?
3. To 50 mL of the solution (S1), add 150 mL of water, solution (S2) is obtained.
3.1. Name the process followed to prepare solution (S2).
3.2. Calculate the concentration of the resulting solution (S2).
X – An aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) with molar concentration C1=0.2 mol.
L-1 and volume V1=0.25 L is to be prepared.
1. Complete the following sentence: The solute is ............................................., the water
is .................................... During dissolution, the temperature .............................. is said to
be endothermic.
2. Calculate the amount of solute dissolved in this solution.
3. Calculate the mass of solute dissolved in this solution.
4. We wish to prepare 200 mL of an aqueous ammonia solution of molar concentration C =
0.8 mol. L-1. What mass of ammonia (NH3) should be used?
XI – Zinc is a metal that reacts with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (H3O++ Cl)
according to the following equation:
Zn (s) + 2 H3O+(aq) Zn2+ (aq) + H2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)
In order to study the kinetic of this reaction, the experiment (I) described below is carried out.
At T = 25C, a mass m = 0.5 g of zinc powder metal is added into a flask containing a volume
Va = 75 mL of hydrochloric acid solution of concentration Ca = 0.4 mol. L1. Using an
appropriate method, the volume of the released hydrogen gas H2 is measured.
Given:
Molar mass of zinc: M(Zn) = 65.4 [Link]–1.
At the conditions of the experiment, the molar volume of a gas: Vm=24 [Link]1.
1. Determine the limiting reactant.
2. Deduce the concentration of Zn2+ ions at the end of reaction.
3. At the instant t = 190 min, the volume of released hydrogen gas is 160 mL. Verify
whether t = 190 min represents the end time of the reaction.