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Two-Dimensional Force System Exercises

The document contains a series of exercises focused on two-dimensional force systems, moments, couples, and resultants in mechanics. It includes problems involving tension, force components, and equilibrium conditions, requiring calculations of forces, angles, and moments in various scenarios. Each exercise aims to apply principles of statics and dynamics to determine resultant forces and moments in mechanical systems.

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20 views6 pages

Two-Dimensional Force System Exercises

The document contains a series of exercises focused on two-dimensional force systems, moments, couples, and resultants in mechanics. It includes problems involving tension, force components, and equilibrium conditions, requiring calculations of forces, angles, and moments in various scenarios. Each exercise aims to apply principles of statics and dynamics to determine resultant forces and moments in mechanical systems.

Uploaded by

alemayehuc
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Exercise on two dimensional force system

1. The two structural members pinned to the support at O are in tension and exert the indicated forces on the joint. Determine the magnitude of
the resultant R of the two forces and the angle  which R makes with the positive x-axis.

2. Determine the components of the 800-N force along oblique axes a and b and compare with the rectangular x- and y-components. Determine
the projections of F onto the a- and b-axes.
3. If the equal tensions T in the pulley cable are 400N, express in vector notation the force R exerted on the pulley by the two tensions.
Determine the magnitude of R.
4. In tossing the sphere, a person exerts a 140-N force on it for the instant shown in the figure. Determine the components, parallel and
perpendicular to the forearm, of the force which the sphere exerts on the hand. (Caution: Be sure to observe Newton’s third law.)

Fig for problem 4

Fig for problem no 5

5. At what angle  must the 800-N force be applied in order that the resultant R of the two forces has a magnitude of 2000 N? For this condition,
determine the angle  between R and the vertical.
Exercise on moment
1. The throttle-control sector pivots freely at O. If an internal torsional spring exerts a return moment M = 2N. m on the sector when in the
position shown, for design purposes determine the necessary throttle-cable tension T so that the net moment about O is zero. Note that when
T is zero, the sector rests against the idle-control adjustment screw at R.

2. A 150-N pull T is applied to a cord that is wound securely around the inner hub of the drum. Determine the moment of T about the drum
center C. At what angle  should T be applied so that the moment about the contact point P is zero?
3. In raising the flagpole from the position shown, the tension T in the cable must supply a moment about O of 72 kN. M. Determine T.
4. The uniform work platform, which has a mass per unit length of 28 kg/m, is simply supported by rods A and B. The 90-kg construction
worker starts from point B and walks to the right. At what location s will the combined moment of the weights of the man and platform about
point B be zero?

5. The masthead fitting supports the two forces shown. Determine the magnitude of T which will cause no bending of the mast (zero moment) at
point O.
Exercise on Couple
1. Replace the force-couple system at point O by a single force. Specify the coordinate YA of the point on the Y-axis through which the line of
action of this resultant force passes.

2. The bracket is spot welded to the end of the shaft at point O. To show the effect of the 900-N force on the weld, replace the force by its
equivalent of a force and couple M at O. Express M in vector notation.
3. A lug wrench is used to tighten a square-head bolt. If 250-N forces are applied to the wrench as shown, determine the magnitude F of the
equal forces exerted on the four contact points on the 25-mm bolt head so that their external effect on the bolt is equivalent to that of the two
250-N forces. Assume that the forces are perpendicular to he flats of the bolt head.
4. The wrench is subjected to the 200-N force and the force P as shown. If the equivalent of the two forces is a force R at O and a couple
expressed as the vector M = 20k N. m, determine the vector expressions for P and R.

5. Replace the couple and force shown by a single force F applied at a point D. Locate D by determining the distance b.
6. The figure represents two integral gears subjected to the tooth-contact forces shown. Replace the two forces by an equivalent single force R at
the rotation axis O and a corresponding couple M. Specify the magnitudes of R and M. If the gears were to start from rest under the action of
the tooth loads shown, in what direction would rotation take place?
Exercise on Resultant
1. Determine the equivalent force-couple system at the origin O for each of the three cases of forces being applied to the edge of a circular disk.
If the resultant can be so expressed, replace this force couple system with a stand-alone force.

2. Determine and locate the resultant R of the two forces and one couple acting on the I-beam.
3. Replace the two forces acting on the bent pipe by a single equivalent force R. Specify the distance y from point A to the line of action of R.

4. Determine graphically the resultant of the four forces. Check your result by a calculation.
5. Two integral pulleys are subjected to the belt tensions shown. If the resultant R of these forces passes through the center O, determine T and
the magnitude of R and the counterclockwise angle  it makes with the x-axis.
1/ With what force magnitude T must the person pull on the cable in order to cause the scale A to read
2000 N? The weights of the pulleys and cables are negligible. State any assumptions.

2/ A former student of mechanics wishes to weigh himself but has access only to a scale A with
capacity limited to 400 N and a small 80-N spring dynamometer B. With the rig shown he discovers
that when he exerts a pull on the rope so that B registers 76 N, the scale A reads 286 N. What is his
correct weight W and mass m?
3/ Find the angle of tilt  with the horizontal so that the contact force at B will be one-half that at A for
the smooth cylinder.

4/ The fixture AC is designed with screw adjustment to regulate the height of the 900-N load
supported by the roller at A. The screw bears against a smooth surface at B. Calculate the
magnitude of the total force supported by the pin at C. Neglect the weight of the fixture.

5/ The force P on the handle of the positioning lever produces a vertical compression of 300 N in the
coiled spring in the position shown. Determine the corresponding force exerted by the pin at O on
the lever.

6/ Cable AB passes over the small ideal pulley C without a change in its tension. What length of cable
CD is required for static equilibrium in the position shown? What is the tension T in cable CD?
7/ The asymmetric simple truss is loaded as shown. Determine the reactions at A and D. Neglect the
weight of the structure compared with the applied loads. Is knowledge of the size of the structure
necessary?

8/ The exercise machine is designed with a lightweight cart which is mounted on small rollers so that it
is free to move along the inclined ramp. Two cables are attached to the cart—one for each hand. If
the hands are together so that the cables are parallel and if each cable lies essentially in a vertical
plane, determine the force P which each hand must exert on its cable in order to maintain an
equilibrium position. The mass of the person is 70Kg, the ramp angle is 150, and the angle  is 180.
In addition, calculate the force R which the ramp exerts on the cart.

9/ The uniform concrete slab shown in edge view has a mass of 25 Mg and is being hoisted slowly into
a vertical position by the tension P in the hoisting cable. For the position where  = 600 calculate the
tension T in the horizontal anchor cable by using only one equation of equilibrium.

10/ A carpenter holds a bolds in the position shown. The board has a mass of 9kg per meter of length.
Determine the reactions at A which are normal and tangential to the board. Assume that the
carpenter lifts directly upward with the effect of a single force which is located 300mm from the
left and of the board.

11/ The hook wrench or pin spanner is used to turn shafts and collars. If a moment of 80 N. m is
required to turn the 200-mm-diameter collar about its center O under the action of the applied
force P, determine the contact force R on the smooth surface at A. Engagement of the collar

12/ A block placed under the head of the claw hammer as shown greatly facilitates the extraction of the
nail. If the 200-N pull on the handle is required to pull the nail, calculate the tension T in the nail
and the magnitude A of the force exerted by the hammer head on the block. The contacting
surfaces at A are sufficiently rough to prevent slipping.
13/ The portable floor crane in the automotive shop is lifting a 100-kg engine. For the position shown
compute the magnitude of the force supported by the pin at C and the oil pressure P against the
80-mm-diameter piston of the hydraulic cylinder unit AB.

14/ The rubber-tired tractor shown has a mass of 13.5 Mg with center of mass at G and is used for
pushing or pulling heavy loads. Determine the load P which the tractor can pull at a constant speed
of 5km/h up the 15-percent grade if its four wheels is 80 percent of the normal force under that
wheel. Also find the total normal reaction NB under the rear pair of wheels at B.

Common questions

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Express each tension force as a vector and sum them to find the resultant vector, R, exerted by the pulley. The components of each vector depend on their angles of application. The magnitude of R can be calculated as the square root of the sum of the squares of its components .

First, determine the angles that the oblique axes make with a reference axis (usually the x-axis). Use these angles to project the force vector onto the given oblique axes using trigonometric functions. Compare these projections with the projections onto the standard rectangular axes, which are found using the cosine and sine of the angle the original force makes with the x-axis .

The angle is calculated using the relation between the moment, force magnitude, and perpendicular distance from the point to the line of action of the force. Set the desired moment equal to the product of the force magnitude and the lever arm (perpendicular component of the force relative to the chosen point) and solve for the angle .

The moment of the force about the drum's center is calculated by the product of the force magnitude (150 N) and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the center of the drum (lever arm distance). This is determined by geometric relationships from the drum’s dimensions .

Calculate the tension in the nail by analyzing the force diagram of the system. The tension in the nail equals the pulling force on the hammer handle, given the system is in equilibrium and there is no slipping at the contact surfaces. The force exerted by the hammer on the block balances the pulling force and provides additional reaction due to the block's presence .

Replacing a force-couple system with a single resultant force involves determining both the equivalent force and equivalent moment of the original system. The line of action of the resultant force is positioned such that its moment about any point equals the original system’s couple. This simplification reduces complexity by minimizing the number of separate forces and moments considered in calculations .

To determine the magnitude of the resultant force R and the angle θ it makes with the positive x-axis, resolve each force into its x and y components. Calculate the sum of the components in each direction. The magnitude of the resultant R is given by the square root of the sum of the squares of the total x-component and y-component. The angle θ is calculated using the inverse tangent of the ratio of the total y-component to the total x-component .

To ensure the forces applied by the lug wrench are equivalent to a specific force distribution, calculate the resultant force using vector addition of the two applied forces. Ensure that the vector sum has the desired magnitude and direction by adjusting the angles and points of application of the forces. The forces must exert moments equal to those required for equivalence .

To find the reactions at the supports, determine the sum of moments about one support to find the reaction at the opposite support (using the moment balance principle). Then use the equilibrium equation of forces (sum of vertical forces equals zero) to solve for the remaining reaction force at the other support. Consider the worker’s weight as a moving point load .

Consider the directions and magnitudes of the contact forces and the points at which they act. Calculate the resultant force by vector summation of the tooth forces. Compute the resultant moment as the sum of moments for each tooth force about a point. Ensure that the equivalent system matches the physical behavior of the original system, influencing rotation direction and force distribution .

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