China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

2.6.6 General Installation Standards

For All Locations:

 Pipes shall be laid to correct line, level, and gradient as per approved drawings

 Joints to be properly made and tested

 Trench bottoms to be firm, level, and free from stones or sharp objects

 Warning tape to be installed continuously before final backfill

 All work to be inspected and approved before covering

 Crossings with other services to be properly coordinated and executed

 As-built survey to be conducted upon completion

Exclusions from this Method Statement:

 Manhole and inspection chamber construction (covered under separate method

statement)

 Above-ground plumbing installations

 Pump installations and mechanical equipment

 Electrical and instrumentation work

 Structural works
 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

3. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

3.1 uPVC Pipes and Fittings Specifications
3.1.1 General Requirements

All uPVC pipes and fittings shall be manufactured from virgin, unplasticized polyvinyl
chloride (PVC-U) compound, free from defects, cracks, or visible imperfections. Materials
shall comply with the referenced standards and be approved by the Engineer/Consultant
prior to delivery to site.

Approved Manufacturer:

 Primary Brand: S-LON (or equivalent approved brand)

 All alternative brands shall be submitted for approval with supporting documentation
including:

o Manufacturer's certificates

o Material test certificates

o Compliance certificates with relevant SLS, BS, EN, or ISO standards

o Performance data sheets

3.1.2 Storm Water Drainage Pipes (PN 7)

Applicable Standards:

 BS 5255

 BS 4660

 ISO 3633

 BS EN 1401 (if applicable)

Specifications:

Pipe Diameter
Pipe Diameter Pressure Rating Wall Thickness Length Color
110mm PN 7 As per standard 6m (standard) / Grey/Brown
3m
125mm PN 7 As per standard 6m (standard) / Grey/Brown
3m
140mm PN 7 As per standard 6m (standard) / Grey/Brown
3m
160mm PN 7 As per standard 6m (standard) / Grey/Brown
 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

3m

Technical Requirements:

 Material: Unplasticized PVC (PVC-U)

 UV resistance: Suitable for temporary exposure during installation

 Service temperature: 0°C to 60°C

 Jointing system: solvent cement joints

 Socket depth marking clearly visible

 Manufacturer's marking including diameter, pressure rating, standard, and date of

manufacture

Fittings for Storm Water System:

 45° bends (110mm, 125mm, 140mm, 160mm)

 90° bends (110mm, 125mm, 140mm, 160mm)

 45° junctions/branches (various combinations)

 87.5° junctions/branches (various combinations)

 Reducers (160/140mm, 140/125mm, 125/110mm, etc.)

 Equal tees (110mm, 125mm, 140mm, 160mm)

 End caps/stop ends

 Adaptor couplings

 Inspection chamber connections

 Flexible couplings (where required)

3.1.3 Kitchen Waste Water Pipes (PN 7)

Applicable Standards:

 BS EN 1329-1:2014

 BS 4514:2001

 ISO 3633
 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

Specifications:

Pipe Diameter Pressure Rating Wall Thickness Length Color

63mm PN 7 As per standard 3m/4m Grey/White

75mm PN 7 As per standard 3m/4m Grey/White

90mm PN 7 As per standard 3m/4m Grey/White

110mm PN 7 As per standard 6m (standard) / 3m Grey/White

Technical Requirements:

 Material: Unplasticized PVC (PVC-U)

 Heat resistance: Suitable for intermittent hot water discharge up to 80°C

 Chemical resistance: Resistant to household chemicals and detergents

 Smooth internal bore for efficient flow

 Jointing system: Solvent cement joints (primary method)

 Dimensional accuracy as per standards

 Clear manufacturer's markings

Fittings for Kitchen Waste System:

 P-traps (32mm, 40mm, 50mm)

 Bottle traps (32mm, 40mm)

 45° bends (50mm, 63mm, 75mm, 90mm, 110mm)

 92.5° bends (50mm, 63mm, 75mm, 90mm, 110mm)

 45° swept junctions

 87.5° swept junctions

 Straight couplings

 Reducers (various sizes)

 Access plugs and rodding eyes

 Tank connectors
 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

 Vent pipes and accessories

 Wall/floor flanges

3.1.4 Sewer and Waste Water Pipes (PN 7)

Applicable Standards:

 BS EN 1329-1:2014

 BS 4514:2001

 BS EN 752:2008

 ISO 3633

Specifications:

Pipe Diameter Pressure Rating Wall Thickness Length Color

40mm PN 7 As per standard 3m/4m Grey
50mm PN 7 As per standard 3m/4m Grey
75mm PN 7 As per standard 3m/4m Grey
90mm PN 7 As per standard 3m/4m Grey
6m (standard) /
110mm PN 7 As per standard Grey
3m
6m (standard) /
160mm PN 7 As per standard Grey
3m
6m (standard) /
200mm PN 7 As per standard Grey
3m
6m (standard) /
225mm PN 7 As per standard Grey
3m

Technical Requirements:

 Material: Unplasticized PVC (PVC-U) suitable for soil and waste discharge

 Ring stiffness: Minimum SN4 for underground applications

 Watertightness: 100% watertight joints

 Chemical resistance: Resistant to sewage and household chemicals

 Smooth internal surface for self-cleansing

 Jointing system: Solvent cement joints (primary method) or rubber ring joints

 Impact resistance as per standards

 Long-term performance under burial conditions

 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

Fittings for Sewer and Waste Water System:

 WC pan connectors (straight, 45°, 90°)

 45° bends (all sizes)

 87.5° bends (all sizes)

 92.5° bends (all sizes)

 Long radius bends

 45° junctions (single and double branches)

 87.5° junctions (single and double branches)

 Equal and unequal junctions

 Inspection elbows with access

 Straight couplings

 Expansion couplings

 Reducers (various combinations)

 End caps and stop ends

 Vent cowls and air admittance valves

 Rodding eyes (45°, 90°)

 Access pipes and covers

 Adaptor couplings for connections

 Flexible couplings

3.1.5 Water Supply Pipes (PN 11)

Applicable Standards:

 SLS 147:2013

 BS EN ISO 1452-1:2009

 BS EN 806:2005
 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

Specifications:

Pressure
Pipe Diameter Wall Thickness Length Color/Marking
Rating
As per SLS 6m (standard) /
32mm (1") PN 11 Blue stripe
147:2013 3m
As per SLS 6m (standard) /
40mm (1¼") PN 11 Blue stripe
147:2013 3m
As per SLS 6m (standard) /
50mm (1½") PN 11 Blue stripe
147:2013 3m
As per SLS 6m (standard) /
63mm (2") PN 11 Blue stripe
147:2013 3m
As per SLS 6m (standard) /
75mm (2½") PN 11 Blue stripe
147:2013 3m
As per SLS 6m (standard) /
90mm (3") PN 11 Blue stripe
147:2013 3m
As per SLS 6m (standard) /
110mm (4") PN 11 Blue stripe
147:2013 3m

Technical Requirements:

 Material: Unplasticized PVC (PVC-U) certified for potable water

 Pressure rating: PN 11 (working pressure 11 bar at 20°C)

 Test pressure: 1.5 times working pressure

 Compliance with potable water safety standards

 Food-grade quality certification

 Smooth internal bore

 Dimensional tolerance as per SLS 147:2013

 Jointing system: Solvent cement joints (primary method)

 UV stabilized for temporary exposure

 Blue identification stripe or marking

 NSF/ANSI Standard 61 or equivalent certification (if available)

 Clear manufacturer's markings including "POTABLE WATER" or "DRINKING WATER"

 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

Fittings for Water Supply System:

 Elbows 90° (all sizes)

 Elbows 45° (all sizes)

 Equal tees (all sizes)

 Reducing tees (various combinations)

 Equal crosses

 Straight couplings

 Reducers (various combinations)

 End caps

 Flanged adaptors

 Male/Female threaded adaptors (BSP thread)

 Tank connectors

 Saddle clamps with ferrules

 Wall plate elbows

 Union couplings

 Compression fittings (where required)

 Transition couplings for metal to PVC connections

3.1.6 Storage and Handling Requirements

Storage:

 Store pipes horizontally on level ground with adequate support at maximum 1.5m
intervals

 Stack height not to exceed 1.5m for 110mm and below, 1.2m for larger pipes

 Protect from direct sunlight exposure (cover with tarpaulin or shade cloth)

 Store in well-ventilated, covered area

 Keep away from heat sources, chemicals, and solvents

 Store fittings in original packaging in covered area

 Rotate stock - first in, first out (FIFO)

 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

 Store different diameters and types separately with clear labeling

Handling:

 Handle with care to avoid damage, scratches, or impacts

 Do not drag pipes on rough surfaces

 Lift, do not drag or roll pipes

 Inspect pipes before installation for defects

 Reject damaged or defective pipes

 Use proper lifting equipment for large diameter pipes

 Protect pipe ends and sockets during transport

3.2 Backfill Materials

3.2.1 Stone-Free Material (For Pipes Below 100mm and Above 100mm)

Material Type: Clean sand or fine aggregate

Specifications:

 For pipes below 100mm diameter:

o Fine to medium sand

o Particle size: Maximum 5mm

o Free from stones, sharp objects, and debris

o Free from clay, silt, and organic matter

o Well-graded for proper compaction

 For pipes 100mm diameter and above:

o Fine to medium sand or selected excavated material (if suitable)

o Particle size: Maximum 5mm for immediate pipe zone (300mm around pipe)

o Free from stones larger than 5mm, sharp objects, and debris

o Clean and non-aggressive to uPVC

 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

Application:

 Minimum 100mm bedding layer below pipe for pipes below 100mm

 Minimum 150mm bedding layer below pipe for pipes 100mm and above

 Immediate pipe zone (300mm radius around pipe): Stone-free material

 Haunch and side support material

 Initial backfill up to 300mm above pipe crown

Compaction:

 Light compaction by hand tamping around pipe

 Minimum 85-90% Modified Proctor density

 Compacted in thin layers (100mm maximum)

3.2.2 Selected Fill Material

Material Type: Selected excavated material or imported fill

Specifications:

 Free from stones larger than 75mm

 Free from organic matter, roots, and deleterious materials

 Suitable for compaction

 Non-aggressive to uPVC pipes

 Approved by Engineer before use

Application:

 Backfill from 300mm above pipe crown to 150mm below final surface

 Main trench backfill material

Compaction:

 Minimum 90-95% Modified Proctor density in roadways and parking area

 Minimum 80-90% Modified Proctor density in pathways and landscape areas

 Compacted in layers not exceeding 150mm thickness

 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

3.2.3 Topsoil (For Landscape Areas)

Specifications:

 Free from stones, roots, debris, and contamination

 Suitable for planting and grass growth

Application:

 Final 150mm layer in landscape areas

 Lightly compacted to avoid over-compaction

 Ready for landscaping reinstatement

3.3 Warning Tape Specifications

3.3.1 Material and Construction

Material: Polyethylene (polythene)

General Specifications:

 Material: High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or low-density polyethylene (LDPE)

 Thickness: Minimum 100 microns (0.1mm)

 Width: 150mm minimum

 Tensile strength: Minimum 20 N/15mm width

 Durability: Non-biodegradable, resistant to underground conditions

 Color fastness: Colors shall not fade when buried

 Marking: Continuous printed text/pattern on tape

3.3.2 Warning Tape Types and Color Coding

Service Type Tape Marking Tape Color Installation Depth

"CAUTION - STORM
Storm Water WATER DRAIN Blue 200mm below FFL
BELOW"
"CAUTION - KITCHEN
Kitchen Waste Green 200mm below FFL
WASTE BELOW"
"CAUTION - SEWER
Sewer Brown or Yellow 200mm below FFL
LINE BELOW"
"CAUTION - POTABLE
Water Supply WATER SUPPLY Blue 200mm below FFL
BELOW"
 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

Additional Marking Requirements:

 Text to be repeated at maximum 500mm intervals

 Text height: Minimum 50mm

 Text to be clearly legible

 Warning symbols (if applicable)

 Bi-lingual marking (if required)

3.3.3 Packaging and Storage

 Supplied in rolls (typical 250m or 365m length)

 Wrapped in protective packaging

 Stored in dry, covered location

 Protected from direct sunlight and heat

 Stored separately by type/color to avoid confusion

3.4 Jointing Materials (Solvent Cement Method)

3.4.1 Solvent Cement

Primary Jointing Method: Solvent cement welding

Product Specifications:

Approved Products:

 S-LON brand solvent cement (or approved equivalent)

 Tangit PVC-U solvent cement

 Griffon PVC solvent cement

 Other approved brands with supporting documentation

Technical Requirements:

 Type: PVC-U solvent cement suitable for pressure and non-pressure applications

 Composition: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) based or Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) based

solvent with dissolved PVC resin

 Viscosity: Medium to heavy bodied for ease of application

 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

 Color: Clear, grey, or blue (for visibility during application)

 Setting time: Initial set within 5-10 minutes, full cure within 24 hours

 Bond strength: Minimum 80% of pipe tensile strength when cured

 Temperature range: Suitable for application in ambient temperatures 10°C to 40°C

 Shelf life: Minimum 12 months from date of manufacture (sealed container)

 Packaging: Suitable containers (100ml, 250ml, 500ml, 1000ml) with proper sealing

 Safety certification: Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) to be provided

Storage Requirements:

 Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat and ignition sources

 Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use

 Store away from direct sunlight

 Temperature: 5°C to 30°C

 Shelf life: Use within expiry date

 Keep away from food, drinks, and incompatible materials

3.4.3 Application Tools for Solvent Cement Jointing

Brushes and Applicators:

 Natural bristle brushes (sizes 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm for different pipe
diameters)

 Brush width approximately half the pipe diameter

 Clean, dry brushes stored in sealed containers

 Replace brushes when bristles become hardened or deformed

Cleaning Materials:

 Clean, lint-free cotton rags

 Emery cloth or fine sandpaper (180-220 grit) for light surface preparation

 Degreasing agent (if required)

 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

Cutting and Preparation Tools:

 Pipe cutter or fine-toothed handsaw

 Deburring tool or file

 Chamfering tool (for beveling pipe ends)

 Measuring tape and marker

 Depth gauge for socket depth verification

3.5 Plant and Equipment Required

3.5.1 Excavation Equipment

For Trench Excavation:

 Mini excavator: For narrow trenches and confined areas

 Hydraulic breaker: For breaking concrete, asphalt, or rock (if required)

 Trucks : For excavated material removal

 Hand tools: Shovels, spades, pickaxes, crowbars for manual excavation and trimming

For Trench Support:

 Trench sheets or trench boxes (if required for deep excavations)

 Hydraulic/mechanical trench shoring system

 Timber supports and props (for shallow trenches)

For Dewatering (if required):

 Submersible pumps (various capacities)

 Suction hoses and discharge pipes

 Sump pits or dewatering wells

 Generator for pump operation

3.5.2 Compaction Equipment

Mechanical Compactors:

 Plate compactor (forward/reversible): For trench backfill compaction

 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

o Weight: 100-150 kg

o Plate size: 500mm x 600mm minimum

o Compaction force: Suitable for layers up to 150mm

 Vibratory rammer/tamper: For narrow trenches and confined spaces

o Weight: 60-80 kg

o Suitable for compacting backfill in layers

 Hand tampers: For compaction around pipes and in areas inaccessible to machines

o Weight: 10-15 kg

o Flat base for even compaction

3.5.3 Material Handling Equipment

Lifting and Transport:

 Mobile crane (if required): For handling long pipes and heavy materials

 Forklift: For material handling and pipe storage

 Wheel barrow: For manual material transport

 Pipe handling equipment: Pipe grabs, slings, and lifting chains

 Material bins/skips: For sand, aggregate, and other loose materials

3.5.4 Testing Equipment

Pressure Testing (Water Supply):

 Hydraulic pressure testing pump (hand-operated or motorized)

 Pressure gauges (0-16 bar range) calibrated and certified

 Test end caps and plugs (all sizes)

 Flexible hoses and fittings for connection

 Pressure relief valves

 Testing manifold assembly

Water Tightness Testing (Drainage/Sewer):

 Inflatable test plugs (various sizes)

 China Railway 25th Bureau Group Co. Ltd.

 Hand pump for inflating test plugs

 Manometer or water column gauge

 Buckets and containers for water filling

 Testing accessories and connections

CCTV Survey Equipment (if required):

 Push-rod CCTV camera system

 Monitor and recording device

 Crawler units for larger diameter pipes

Measuring and Verification:

 Laser level or dumpy level for gradient checking

 Leveling staff and tripod

 Measuring tape (30m, 50m)

 Digital water level indicator

 Sand replacement apparatus for compaction testing

3.5.5 Safety Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

 Safety helmets (hard hats)

 Safety boots with steel toe caps

 High-visibility vests and jackets

 Safety gloves (leather, rubber, chemical-resistant)

 Safety goggles and face shields

 Dust masks and respirators (for solvent cement work)

 Ear protection (for noisy equipment)

 Full body harness (for deep excavations, if required)

Site Safety Equipment:

 Safety barriers and fencing

 Warning signs and signage boards