PROJECT PROPOSAL :DESIGN, AND MANUFACTURE PELLET MACHINES FOR
FEEDING POULTRY
BY TENAW ALEMAYEHU
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Acknowledgement
First of all I would like to thank my GOD for helping me accomplish this project work. Next to
this I would to thanks Mr. Temesgen Esayas ([Link])vice dene of the college and Head of
Technology department and Mr. Estifanos to invite me to do this documentation in providing
necessary materials to feedback to my work, for scheduling of the program which helped us
complete the work in schedule time.
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................................................i
List Of Figure...............................................................................................................................................iv
List of Table.................................................................................................................................................v
Acronym.....................................................................................................................................................vi
Chapter One................................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Statement of The Problem................................................................................................................2
1.3. Objective...........................................................................................................................................3
1.3.1. General Objective......................................................................................................................3
1.3.2. Specific Objective.......................................................................................................................3
1.4. Scope................................................................................................................................................3
1.5. Limitations........................................................................................................................................3
1.6. Significance Of The Technology........................................................................................................4
1.7. Benefits And Beneficiary...................................................................................................................5
Chapter Two................................................................................................................................................6
2.1. Literature Review.............................................................................................................................6
Chapter Three..............................................................................................................................................8
3.1. Methodology....................................................................................................................................8
3.2. methodology Of Data Analayisis.......................................................................................................8
Chapter Four..............................................................................................................................................10
4.1. Design analysis and part description..............................................................................................10
4.1.1. Design analysis.........................................................................................................................10
4.2. Major Component of Poultry Feed Pelleting Machine....................................................................10
Chapter Five..............................................................................................................................................12
5.1. Product Description........................................................................................................................12
5.2. Product Part Of Description............................................................................................................12
Chapter Six................................................................................................................................................13
6.1. Cost Analysis...................................................................................................................................13
Reference..................................................................................................................................................15
References.................................................................................................................................................15
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iii
List Of Figure
iv
List of Table
v
Acronym
SEDI Scientific Equipment Development Institute
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Chapter One
1.1. Introduction
Pelleted feeds have been defined as “agglomerated feeds formed by extruding individual
ingredients or mixtures by compacting and forcing through die openings by any mechanical
process. Basically, the purpose of pelleting is to take a finely divided, sometimes dusty,
unpalatable and difficult-to-handle feed material and, by using heat, moisture and pressure, form
it into larger particles. These larger particles are easier to handle, more palatable and usually
result in improved feeding results when compared to the unpelleted feed.
Nowadays, the dependence of poultry breeders on the multi-national feed industry is very strong.
This is due to the quality assurance and continuity of the feed supply from the factory,
thus enabling the production of large quantities of livestock. Therefore, livestock business
and feed pricing will be dominated and determined by large entrepreneurs. Explorative research
on the potential of feed ingredients and local technology should continue to be studied and
developed. Educated people, practitioners and farmers need to work together in a synergy,
sustainable and professional, in which it is expected to grow to be efficient self-sustainable
farmers [1].
The compressing of poultry feed in a pellet forms has many advantages such as high storage
efficiency, easy handling, more ability to use the mechanical poultry feeding systems, and
obtaining of balanced ration by the bird as it prevent him from chosen its food. Also improving
the efficiency of food consumption to the ration.
Hamad showed the effect of chain feeding system on the ration composition for laying hens that
large particle sizes (> 4 mm diameter) decreased starting from the deposit till the end of chain
line, while other sizes (> 3, > 2, > 1 and < 1 mm diameter) increased using pellet ration. They
also found that calcium levels in the ration started to increase from the deposit till the end of
chain line using mash ration while it seemed to be unchanged in pellet ration [2].
Currently, the employment opportunities of educated personnel are still limited due to the fact
that the share of animal feed is controlled by several large factories that have several branches in
each city. The large factories are able to cover all the needs of feed, whether owned by
smallholders or companies. A company has one or two nutritionists who are able to provide
formulation services for some factories.
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The optimization of the potential of large local raw materials, the number of educated staff in the
field of animal husbandry, and the high unemployment of productive forces can be done by
opening a feed mill as a new company. This effort can reduce the dependence of animal feed
from large factories. The production of pellet feed with adaptive technology using local
equipment and raw materials should be continuously improved [1]
Making chicken feed in the shape of pellets in large capacity requires a machine. Various kinds
of chicken feed pellets machines have been circulating, but the price is still expensive, which
make it extremely difficult for chicken breeders to afford. Thus, it is necessary to make a
breakthrough by making pellet machine using cheap and light material, small driving force in
order to generate pellet machine that could be afforded by most farmer society [3].
1.2. Statement of the Problem
The Pellet machines for poultry or chicken feed which are already sold in the market is generally
made for large capacity and with quite expensive price. The fundamental problem is the amount
of power the machine needs to produce the pellet-shaped feed. In addition, there are some other
disadvantages such as drive engines that often die suddenly due to high workload; maintenance
and repair is difficult because some machine components are connected permanently. The
printing cylinder cannot be opened and closed and produces only one type of pellet feed size [4].
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1.3. Objective
1.3.1. General Objective
The main objectives of this project are to design and manufacture modified multi-purpose lathe
machine for small micro enterprise and industry.
1.3.2. Specific Objective
1.4. Scope
The project proposal focused on the skills, knowledge, and method that Multi-purpose lathe
machine manufacture and MSEs have to be competent in the manufacture of Multi-purpose of
lathe machine. It tries to find out the effectiveness of Multi-purpose lathe machine.
1.5. Limitations
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1.6. Significance Of The Technology
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1.7. Benefits And Beneficiary
In this project work /technology small enterprises and jinka poly technique college’s trainees and
trainers are beneficiaries. The cooperation between jinka poly Technique College and small
enterprise enhance good activities of the work; research, teaching and learning with improved
quality and quantity of outputs. It can also extend to enhancing technological and economic
cooperation of the two offices. It triggers more trainers to enterprise workers relation between
college and Enterprises. The graduates of the program, during the project period, will gain
knowledge about college’s peoples and its people building attachments for future cooperation.
This can benefit both small enterprise and colleges. These technologies benefits to reducing
manufacturing cost to small enterprises.
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Chapter Two
2.1. Literature Review
Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of feed pelleting and its impact on poultry
performance. Acording to [4].Researchers such as Gidenne, Garreau, Drouilhet, Aubert and
Maertens demonstrated that pelleted feed improved feed conversion efficiency and overall
growth rate in broiler chickens.
Renjani & Wulandani studied that [5]. The machine is a common machine that can be
fabricated but with technical know- how without which the entire process will be marred as
misalignment will cause malfunction. Due to reverse engineering principle and condition of
power system the build- up/arrangement of the machine targeted the adoption of electric motor
and prime mover (gasoline engine) for efficient operation and continues operation
Acording to P. Fellows study[6].Pelletizing can simply be described as the change in phase of
raw materials due to the application of medium to raise the temperature in order to have a
final phase in a solid and capsular form after passing through the die of desired shape. It
results from a combination of the heat treatment during extrusion, moisturization and
gelatinization of some dietary components, which act as binder. The binding effect prevent
nutrient loss by slowing down the pellet disintegration process in water.
Sharma, Panigrahi & Dubey stated that [7]. Pelleting is the process by which materials such
as corn, soybean meal, grass, rice, rice husk, wheat, wheat offal, fish meal etc. (mashed), are
turned into small dry countable form. There are wide range of application of the machine and
may be commonly utilized industrially for multiple purpose and poultry/agricultural application
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Chapter Three
3.1. Methodology
3.2. methodology Of Data Analayisis
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Chapter Four
4.1. Design analysis and part description
4.1.1. Design analysis
4.2. Major Component of Poultry Feed Pelleting Machine
1. Hopper: This is the entrance path of the mashed feed after being moisturized. The shape
can vary considering the choice of the designer. The compartment consists of a screw conveyor
as shown in Appendix and can be driven by low motion electric motor or manually regulated
wheel which carry's the feed into the chamber. The hopper is usually made by steel sheet of
2mm thickness or even 1.5mm. Some are also made up of stainless steel.
2. Shaft: The high carbon steel shaft links the roller, Die plate, cutter, Rotary Conveyor down to
the crown wheel inside the axle. The quality is considered to avoid deflection while rotating.
3. Rollers: The rollers are made of high carbon steel and are corrugated for proper functio
ning. It is responsible for compressing the feed into the die holes and the rollers of Ø62mm x
50mm with two inserted bearings in each to allow for free rotation was used in this study
4. Key: Key is a circular key use to lock up (protect) the bearing inside the rollers.
5. Die plate: It is the part that converts the formulated feeds into cylindrical shapes. It can be
made up of stainless steel or carbonized steel plate as to resist wears. The die plate consists of
324 holes of Ø175mm x 26mm.
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6. Chamber: The chamber of cylindrical material of Ø185mm x100mm and a thickness of
10mm was used. This houses the rollers where pelleting is achieved.
7. Axle: The vehicle axle is considered due to it affordability and it serves as speed reducer.
8. Electric motor/prime mover: The purpose is to transmit an appropriate power to the
machine for c
ontinues motion. A Single phase or 3 phase Electric motor of 3KW was considered for the
purpose of this study. In case of house use, a single phase serves the purpose.
9. Pulleys:
The pulleys of Ø100mm to electric motor and Ø170mm to axle respectively which in turn
reduces the speed down to ratio of 4.5:1 for a required pelleting speed was used.
10. Digital grain moisture metre: The instrument is based on reading for accuracy of moisture
content of feed before pelleting as well as after pelleting.
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Chapter Five
5.1. Product Description
5.2. Product Part Of Description
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Chapter Six
6.1. Cost Analysis
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Reference
References
[1] a. K. K. D. Glover, "Small farmers, big business: contract farming and rural development.
Springer," 2016.
[2] S. e. a. Hamad, "Effect of chain feeder on ration composition for laying hens," Misr J. Agric.
Eng, vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 67-76, 1992.
[3] K. M. Tanaka, "Pellet making machine for producing pellets from a strand," Manufacturing
Co., Ltd, vol. 5, 1993.
[4] T. e. a. Gidenne, "Improving feed efficiency in rabbit production, a review on nutritional,
technico-economical, genetic and environmental aspects," Animal Feed Science and
Technology, no. 225, pp. 109-122., 2017.
[5] R. &. Wulandani, "Pellet Mill Fixed Dies Type for Production of Solid Fuel Pellets from
Acacia mangium Bark," IOP Publishing., vol. 557, no. 1, pp. 140-150, 2019.
[6] P. Fellows, "Food Processing Technology,," Ellis Horword, 1998.
[7] P. &. D. Sharma, "Food waste hydrothermal carbonization Study on the effects of reaction
severities, pelletization and framework development using approaches of the circular
economy," Bioresource Technology, vol. 333, pp. 60-78, 2021.
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